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1 Agilent Restricted Mobile WiMAX Technologies & Measeurement © Copyright 2005 Agilent Technologies, Inc. May, 2006 presented by: Brian Su Agilent Restricted Agenda Overview for Broadband Wireless Access WiMAX-OFDMA Technologies WiMAX-OFDMA Signal Meas. & Analysis 802.16e WiMAX-OFDMA RF Measurement Resource
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Page 1: Mobile WiMAX Tech Measurement Workshop• WiMAX Forum: An industry organization to promote the IEEE 802.16 standard for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) • Has established a series

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Agilent Restricted

Mobile WiMAX Technologies & Measeurement

Mobile WiMAX Technologies & Measeurement

© Copyright 2005 Agilent Technologies, Inc.

May, 2006presented by:

Brian Su

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Agenda

• Overview for Broadband Wireless Access• WiMAX-OFDMA Technologies• WiMAX-OFDMA Signal Meas. & Analysis• 802.16e WiMAX-OFDMA RF Measurement• Resource

Page 2: Mobile WiMAX Tech Measurement Workshop• WiMAX Forum: An industry organization to promote the IEEE 802.16 standard for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) • Has established a series

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Wireless ConnectivityComplementary Technologies

PAN

LANMANWAN

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Wireless Connectivity ApplicationsBluetooth 802.15.1 (WPAN)• Cable Replacement• Application: Headset, PC

Peripheral: Mouse, Keyboard HotSync cradle, Scanner, Printer, External FLASH memory, CD drives, etc.

WLAN 802.11a/b/g• Wireless extension of

Ethernet • Application: Laptop LAN

(High data rate) data line

802.11n• Improved 802.11a/g

Page 3: Mobile WiMAX Tech Measurement Workshop• WiMAX Forum: An industry organization to promote the IEEE 802.16 standard for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) • Has established a series

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Wireless Connectivity ApplicationsWiMAX 802.16-2004 (802.16d)• Wireless broadband • Application: Last mile

connectivity, backhaul for hotspots

WiMAX 802.16 OFDMA (802.16e)• Mobile wireless broadband • Application: Provide Mobile

Wireless broadband to devices, such as PDA’s, computer, cell phones.

UWB• High-speed cable replacement• Application: Wireless USB

Home Theater, video streaming, portable devices

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Mobility

802.11/802.16

(Roam Between Service Areas)

Consolidate 802.16/802.16a/ 802.16c Modifications and Interoperability

2-11 GHz

Non Line of Sight

Up to 75 Mbps

(20 MHz Chan)

802.16

System profiles

Interoperability

10-66 GHz

Line of Sight

Up to 134 Mbps (28 MHz Chan)

Fixed Wireless

IEEE 802.16e

(802.16-2005)

IEEE 802.16d

(802.16-2004)

Rev. 5

IEEE 802.16a

January 2003

IEEE 802.16c

December 2002

IEEE 802.16

December 2001

IEEE 802.16 WirelessMAN Evolution

Page 4: Mobile WiMAX Tech Measurement Workshop• WiMAX Forum: An industry organization to promote the IEEE 802.16 standard for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) • Has established a series

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What are WiMAX and 802.16? (I)• IEEE 802.16: An IEEE sponsored specification targeted at a

variety of Broadband Wireless Access opportunities not addressed by others like 802.11 (WLAN). Below is the IEEE802.16 document structure specific to 802.16e:

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802.16 standards802.16-2004 (Released)

802.16e related standards

802.16e MobileBWA < 6 GHz 512 to 2048 FFT

OFDMA w/64 QAM 5, 10, 20 MHz

Air Interface Application Frequency Modulation Bandwidth /Max bit rate

WirelessMAN - SC Line of Sight, Pt-Pt Microwave 10-66 GHz Single Carrier

w/64 QAM20 -28 MHz /134.4 Mbps

WirelessMAN - SCa NLOS,Fixed BWA < 11 GHz Single Carrier

w/64 QAM 1.25 to >20 MHz

WirelessMAN - OFDM NLOS,Fixed BWA < 11 GHz 256 FFT OFDM

w/64 QAM1.25 to 20 MHz /

~75 MbpsWirelessMAN -

OFDMANLOS,

Fixed BWA < 11 GHz up to 2048 FFTOFDMA w/64 QAM 1.25 to 20 MHz

WirelessHUMAN NLOS,Fixed BWA

< 11 GHzunlicensed

256 FFT OFDMw/64 QAM

1.25 to 20 MHz /~75 Mbps

Page 5: Mobile WiMAX Tech Measurement Workshop• WiMAX Forum: An industry organization to promote the IEEE 802.16 standard for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) • Has established a series

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What are WiMAX and 802.16? (II)• WiMAX Forum: An industry organization to promote the

IEEE 802.16 standard for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA)

• Has established a series of Radio Conformance Tests (RCT) to prove conformance and interoperability (like the WiFi Alliance for WLAN).

• “Profiles” are used to define a subset of applications and the tests required

• Mobile WiMAX certification profiles under discussion now• Radio Conformance Tests (RCT) targeted for completion

by end of May 2006• Certification lab setup in Q3/Q4 2006. Wave 1

Certification testing targeted to start at end of October 2006

• Agilent is a member of the WiMAX forum, and our equipment is used in the certification process

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802.16e, WiBro, and OFDMA• Technologies for addressing the application of mobile broadband

wireless access (portable Internet)• 802.16e – an amendment to the 802.16-2004 standard focusing on the

OFDMA physical layer• Allows 128, 512, 1024, or 2048 sub-carriers in 1.25, 5, 10, or 20 MHz

BWs respectively. Additional BWs (e.g. 3.5, 5.5, 7 MHz) may be used for Europe.

• Focus on licensed frequencies < 4 GHz (standard allows 2-6 GHz)

• WiBro (Wireless Broadband) - began a few years ago as a proprietary TTA standard for Korea, formerly called HPI (High-speed Portable Internet)

• Now mostly merged into 802.16e standard as one of the system profiles• 1024 sub-carriers in 8.75 MHz BW in 2.3-2.4 GHz band only• Development is more advanced than 802.16e: tested at speeds up to 120

km/hr• Commercial service expected to be launched in April 2006

Page 6: Mobile WiMAX Tech Measurement Workshop• WiMAX Forum: An industry organization to promote the IEEE 802.16 standard for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) • Has established a series

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Agenda

• Overview for Broadband Wireless Access• WiMAX-OFDMA Technologies• WiMAX-OFDMA Signal Meas. & Analysis• 802.16e WiMAX-OFDMA RF Measurement• Resource

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Contrasting OFDMs – WLAN 802.11a/g

Carriers: 52Spacing: 312.5 kHz

802.11a (18 MHz)

4 BPSK Pilots, fixed locations

BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM

802.11a/g = Freq range: 2.4/5.8GHz Data rate: ≤ 54 Mbps Mobile/Fixed: Fixed

Short Training Data NSig Symbol Data 1 Data 2Chan. Estimation . . .Preamble Payload

2 sym 1 sym 1 sym 1 sym 1 sym 2 sym

Payload – multi-symbol, one mod type, no overlap

Page 7: Mobile WiMAX Tech Measurement Workshop• WiMAX Forum: An industry organization to promote the IEEE 802.16 standard for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) • Has established a series

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Contrasting OFDMs – 802.16d WiMax Fixed

.

.

.

802.16d (1.25 MHz)

8 BPSK Pilots, fixed location

802.16d (20 MHz)

BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM

.

.

.:

10 MHz7.0 MHz3.5 MHz

:

Carriers: 200Spacing: 90 kHz

Carriers: 200Spacing: 5.6 kHz

802.16d = Freq range: 2 - 11GHz Data rate: ≤ 70 Mbps Mobile/Fixed: Fixed

Data NFCH Data 1 Data 2Chan est. . . .Preamble Payload

1 sym N sym N sym N sym 1 sym

Long synch

1 sym

Payload – multi-symbol, multi-mod type, no overlap

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Contrasting OFDMs--802.11a vs. 802.16 WiMAX

802.11a 52 carriers,312.5 kHzspacing

802.16 200 carriers,

90 kHzspacing .

.

.

200 carriers,6.7 kHzspacing

802.11a (18 MHz)

802.16 (1.5 MHz)

4 BPSK Pilots

8 BPSK Pilots

802.16 (20 MHz)

BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM

BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM

.

.:

10 MHz7.0 MHz3.5 MHz

:A smaller sub-carrier spacing gives greater immunity to multipath fading

Page 8: Mobile WiMAX Tech Measurement Workshop• WiMAX Forum: An industry organization to promote the IEEE 802.16 standard for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) • Has established a series

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Contrasting OFDMs – 802.16e WiMax Mobile

83-120 Pilots

802.16e: Freq range: 2- 6 GHz Data rate: ≤ 70Mbps Mobile/Fixed: Mobile (60~100kph)

FFT: 2048Carriers: 1680Spacing: ~11kHz

FFT: 1024Carriers: 840Spacing: ~11kHz

FFT: 512Carriers: 408Spacing: ~11kHz

42-60 Pilots

802.16e (5 MHz)

166-240 BPSK Pilots, variable

location

802.16e (20 MHz)

QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM

OFDMA Symbol Number

time

802.16e (10 MHz)

Payload – multi-symbol, multi-mod type, overlap

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802.16 OFDMA Concepts: SlotsIn OFDMA, the minimum possible data unit is a “Slot”A slot has 2 dimensions, one dimension is time, the other is subchannel number3 most common slot sizes

•1 Subchannel and 1 OFDMA Symbol•1 Subchannel and 2 OFDMA Symbols•1 Subchannel and 3 OFDMA Symbols

Different “Zones” will use different slot sizes

1 subchannel SLOT

1 subchannel

1 subchannel

Symbol 1Symbol 2Symbol 3

SLOT

SLOT

Page 9: Mobile WiMAX Tech Measurement Workshop• WiMAX Forum: An industry organization to promote the IEEE 802.16 standard for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) • Has established a series

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802.16e OFDMA ConceptsSub-channelization – Sharing the bandwidth

• The carriers are organized into “logical sub-channels” consisting of ~28 subcarriers each.

• MAC layer assigns user data to 1 or more logical sub-channels for enough symbol times to carry the required no. of bits.

34 logical sub-channels,

24.7 carriers/sub-channel (10MHz)

• Subchannel-to-subcarrier assignment changes for every symbol, based on permutation formula seeded by variables such as Cell-ID, sector number, etc.

Logical Subchannels

0-2

Logical Subchannels 3-8

User 1User 2

User 4User 3

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

Carrier -420 . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . .. . .+420

10MHz Example

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802.16 OFDMA ConceptsExample of a ‘data burst’ allocated to a user

0123456789

k k+1 k+ 2 k+3 k+4 k+5 k+6

n+6 n+7 n+8

n n+1 n+2n+3 n+4 n+5

• A data burst is a group of contiguous sub channels and symbols

• The base station assigns a data burst/region to a user to use to receive or transmit data.

LogicalSubchannels

perm

utat

ion

Physical Subcarriers

Symbol number

Page 10: Mobile WiMAX Tech Measurement Workshop• WiMAX Forum: An industry organization to promote the IEEE 802.16 standard for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) • Has established a series

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802.16 OFDMA Concepts: ZonesThere are currently more than 7 zones that have been defined

PUSC (partial usage of subchannels)

FUSC (full usage of subchannels)

PUSC with all subchannels

Optional FUSC

AAS (Adaptive Antenna System)

AMC (Adaptive Modulation and Coding)

Option FUSC with all subchannels

Zones are used to help implement basestation functionality such as beamforming, assigning subchannels to different sectors of a single cell, and to define subchannelization that reduces basestation to basestation interference

Prea

mbl

e

FCH

and

DL

Map

PUSC

FUSC

Opt

iona

l FU

SC

AMC

DL Subframe

(A subframe can contain multiple zone types)

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Fixed WiMAX vs. 802.16e Summary

• OFDM, 256 carriers, 17 BW options from 1.25-20 MHz (variable sub-carrier spacing)

• Coding: CC only mandatory one• Two basic types of preambles:

Long and Short• All carriers have same

modulation in one symbol• Sub-channelization optional• Space Time Coding (STC)

optional

• OFDMA with 128, 512, 1024, or 2048 carriers in 1.25, 5, 10, or 20 MHz BW respectively. Some requests for additional BWs for European market. • Coding: CC mandatory; CTC and STC optional but popular (CTC required for WiBro)• Many preambles, with 114 preamble modulation series based on segment and IDCell

• New features:• Permutation zones: PUSC, FUSC,

OPUSC, AMC, OFUSC, TUSC1, TUSC2• Bursts and zones allocated by sub-

channels and symbols• Sub-channels divided into segments

(BTS sectors)• Physical sub-channels renumbered to

logical sub-channels• Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ)• Adaptive antenna system (AAS) for

beamforming• Repetition coding• Power boosting

This is just a partial list. 802.16e is MUCH more complex than the 256-carrier OFDM PHY!

Fixed WiMAX (OFDM)802.16e OFDMA

Page 11: Mobile WiMAX Tech Measurement Workshop• WiMAX Forum: An industry organization to promote the IEEE 802.16 standard for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) • Has established a series

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802.16 OFDMA ConceptsDrawing of ‘data region’ or ‘data bursts’

• In OFDMA, data bursts overlap in time

• Maximizes data flow in complex environment

OFDMA

OFDM

• In 802.16-2004 OFDM user data DO NOT overlap in time.

OFDMA Symbol Number

time

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802.16e 10MHz BW “Basics”

QPSKQPSKModulation format1 sym (115.2 µs) 1 sym (100.8µs)Length

8528.310 MHz9.498 MHzActual bandwidth

115.2 µs102.8571 µsSymbol time1/81/8Guard Interval

1,4,7…/ 2,5,8…/ 3,6,9…

1,4,7…/ 2,5,8…/ 3,6,9…

Carrier sequence29.297 kHz33.48 kHzCarrier spacing

Preamble

9.7656 kHz10.9375 kHzCarrier spacing8658.437 MHz9.643 MHzDL-OFUSC, UL-OPUSC8518.300 MHz9.487 MHzDL-FUSC8418.203 MHz9.375 MHzUL/DL-PUSC

Actual BW8.75 MHz10MHzNominal BW

Total bins

Korea (WiBro)802.16e802.16 OFDMA Concepts: 1024 FFT Example

Page 12: Mobile WiMAX Tech Measurement Workshop• WiMAX Forum: An industry organization to promote the IEEE 802.16 standard for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) • Has established a series

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Frame Structure for 802.16e OFDMAEach subframe is divided into zones

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Detailed OFDMA Frame Structure

Symbol #

•UL Burst 2

•UL Burst 1

•DL Burst 3 •DL Burst 7

•DL B

urst

10

•DL B

urst

9

•DL Burst 6•DL Burst 2

•DL Burst 8•DL Burst 5•DL Burst 4

•DL B

urst

1

•Pream

ble

DL Zone 1(PUSC) DL Zone 3DL Zone 2

1st DLzone only

•FCH

•DL-M

AP

Logi

cal S

ubch

anne

ls

UL Zone 1(PUSC)

•UL Burst 3

Ranging Subchannel

•UL Burst 4

timeTTG

•Pream

ble•FC

H•D

L-MA

P

RTG

Frame 1 (2 to 20 ms) Frame 2

In OFDMA, data bursts overlap in time. This maximizes data flow in a complex environment

Page 13: Mobile WiMAX Tech Measurement Workshop• WiMAX Forum: An industry organization to promote the IEEE 802.16 standard for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) • Has established a series

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Agenda

• Overview for Broadband Wireless Access• WiMAX-OFDMA Technologies• WiMAX-OFDMA Signal Meas. & Analysis• 802.16e WiMAX-OFDMA RF Measurement• Resource

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802.16 Test ParametersTransmitterPower, Frequency & TimeSpectrum Mask, ACP, harmonics & spuriousModulation & timing errorsReceiverBER, FERImpairmentsInterference

FunctionalThroughputOther

Page 14: Mobile WiMAX Tech Measurement Workshop• WiMAX Forum: An industry organization to promote the IEEE 802.16 standard for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) • Has established a series

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802.16e Test Modes: What does your device support

RF translation ADC Baseband

/ MAC

What is controlling the Device Under Test?

What modes can be used to increase throughput of the test procedure?

Device configuration software

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Signal Generation/Analysis: Two Major Types of Testing• Creating & Measuring Spectrally and Statistically

Correct Signals• Component & subsystem testing

• RCE/EVM interpretation of performance (compression, CFR, distortion, phase noise, etc.)

• Creating & Measuring Fully Compliant Signals• Configuring & verifying DSP

• Complete transmitter & receiver testing

• Compatibility/interoperability testing

• Margin testing

Page 15: Mobile WiMAX Tech Measurement Workshop• WiMAX Forum: An industry organization to promote the IEEE 802.16 standard for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) • Has established a series

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Agilent’s 802.16e WiMAX Product Portfolio

DUT

E4438C Signal Generator

PSA-series Signal Analyzer orInfiniium-series Oscilloscopes or89600-series VXI modules or16900-series Logic Analyzers

LAN,GPIB

89601A VSA Software, Opt B7Y 802.16e OFDMA analysis

N7615A Signal Studio for802.16e OFDMA signal creation

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Physical Layer Signal Source Solution

• Not just RF: Highly Flexible signal generation, with RF, Differential IQ and Digital Outputs (option 003)

• Generates WiBro and 802.16e arbitrary waveform files

• Two Channel RF Phase Coherence possible with simple external frequency mixing

E4438C Series Vector Signal Generator with N7615A Signal Studio for 802.16 OFDMA

Page 16: Mobile WiMAX Tech Measurement Workshop• WiMAX Forum: An industry organization to promote the IEEE 802.16 standard for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) • Has established a series

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Signal Generation: RF, Digital & Analog Baseband

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802.16e OFDMA Signal Generation N7615A• Supports OFDMA PHY in IEEE 802.16-2004 and

802.16e standards

• Generates up to 16 frames (same config. with incrementing frame number and continuing data in MAC PDUs

• Fixed data patterns, PN9 or PN15 sequences, or user data files

• Supports 512, 1024, and 2048 FFTs with variable bandwidths

• Automatically generates FCH, DL-MAP, UL-MAP for receiver test

• Create downlink or uplink subframes, TDD or FDD

• Zone types: DL-PUSC, DL-FUSC, UL-PUSC, UL-OPUSC

• Flexible configuration of zones, bursts, and MAC PDUs

• Add real-time AWGN when used with E4438C option 403

Page 17: Mobile WiMAX Tech Measurement Workshop• WiMAX Forum: An industry organization to promote the IEEE 802.16 standard for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) • Has established a series

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N7615A User Interface: Downlink

Add multiplezones

Flexible burstconfiguration

(auto or manual)

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N7615A User Interface: Uplink

Automatic or manual burst allocation

Add one or more MAC PDUs in each burst

Page 18: Mobile WiMAX Tech Measurement Workshop• WiMAX Forum: An industry organization to promote the IEEE 802.16 standard for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) • Has established a series

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Physical Layer Measurement in the Standard:Receiver Sensitivity (16e example)• A BER measurement with unique

spec for each Channel BW, Mod type, and coding gain.

• Must have BER less than 10e-6 for the specified power levels

• Test messages are specially defined patterns: SBPSK, SQPSK, S16QAM, and S64QAM

RF

Radio Receiver

Radio Control and

BER Software

Radio Control and payload data

Test messages are specially defined patterns: SBPSK, SQPSK, S16QAM, and S64QAM. UI from N7615A shown here

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N7615A User Interface: Waveform Generation Log Displays raw data generated, including

contents of DLFP (FCH), DL-MAP, UL-MAP, and data bursts with MAC headers and CRC.

Page 19: Mobile WiMAX Tech Measurement Workshop• WiMAX Forum: An industry organization to promote the IEEE 802.16 standard for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) • Has established a series

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Signal Analysis: RF, Digital & Analog Baseband

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WiMAX RF Signal Analysis

ESA(opt.H70)/PSA(opt.H70) +89611A

DC to 26.5 GHz(36MHz BW)

ESA/PSA+InfiniiumDC to 26.5 GHz

89641A: DC to 6.0 GHz (36 MHz BW)

89610A: DC to 40MHz(I/Q input)

OPTION 1 OPTION 2 OPTION 3

PSA option 140/122(40MHz/80MHz BW)

PSA

• All HWs need link with S/W 89601a+option B7S/B7Y

Page 20: Mobile WiMAX Tech Measurement Workshop• WiMAX Forum: An industry organization to promote the IEEE 802.16 standard for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) • Has established a series

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89601A Optional Measurement Software• Option AYA(Digital Demodulation): Vector Modulation Analysis (also called

Digital Demodulation).

• Option B7N(3G Application): Extends Option AYA Vector Modulation Analysis capabilities to include W-CDMA (3GPP),cdma2000, cdma20001xEV-DO and TD-SCDMA vector modulation analysis.

• Option B7R(WLAN Application): Vector Modulation Analysis capabilities for WLAN DSSS/CCK/PBCC/OFDM Signal.(89607 WLAN Test Suite license is included inside)

• Option B7S(802.16-2004 modulation analysis): Vector Modulation Analysis capabilities for IEEE-802.16-2004(WiMax) Signals.

• Option B7Y(802.16 OFDMA modulation analysis): Vector Modulation Analysis capabilities for IEEE-802.16 OFDMA Signals.

• Option B7Z(802.11n MIMO modulation analysis): Vector Modulation Analysis capabilities for IEEE-802.11n MIMO Signals.

• Option 105(Dynamic Link to EESof/ADS): Allows you to connect your 89600-Series VSA software to Agilent's EESof Advanced Design System

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A Meas. & Troubleshooting Sequence

Get basics right,find major problems

Signal qualitynumbers, constellation,

basic error vector measurements

Find specificproblems & causes

Frequency,

Frequency & Time

Basic

Digital Demod

Advanced &

Specific Demod

One suggested sequence, especially for signals that are not fully understood

As signals become more complex, vectormeasurements are even MORE useful prior to digital demodulation

Page 21: Mobile WiMAX Tech Measurement Workshop• WiMAX Forum: An industry organization to promote the IEEE 802.16 standard for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) • Has established a series

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Meas. & Troubleshooting Sequence

Wideband spectrumNarrowband spectrumFrequency & TimeTriggering, timing

Gated SpectrumGated power, CCDFTime captureSpectrogram

Get basics right,find major problems

Signal qualitynumbers, constellation,

basic error vector measurements

Find specificproblems & causes

Frequency,

Frequency & Time

Basic

Digital Demod

Advanced &

Specific Demod

1

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Simultaneous Frequency & Time Measurements

FFT based spectrum analysis |Arb Spans/RBWs |Full markers

Power vs. Time

Rise Time & zoom

Spectrum & Occupied

BW

Band power (dBm, RMS (sqrt), C/N,

C/No)

Trigger level

Page 22: Mobile WiMAX Tech Measurement Workshop• WiMAX Forum: An industry organization to promote the IEEE 802.16 standard for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) • Has established a series

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Downlink Preamble• 1 Symbol of QPSK• Every third carrier, 1/3

of 852 active carriers• No Pilots

284 active QPSK carriers

1 Symbol

•Gate Length = 1 Symbol Time•Uniform Window for Maximum Frequency Resolution

OFDMA

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Resolving All Carriers in Preamble OFDMA

Page 23: Mobile WiMAX Tech Measurement Workshop• WiMAX Forum: An industry organization to promote the IEEE 802.16 standard for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) • Has established a series

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Amplification Problems--Gain Compress.

Before Amplification After Amplification

Use Time-Gated CCDF to Investigate Different Modulation Types

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Spectrogram enhancements—Delta Marker

• Spectrogram marker enhancements • Height can now be

described in time as well as scans

• Offset and delta markers let you position two independent lines to read absolute position of marker and delta between the two points

Page 24: Mobile WiMAX Tech Measurement Workshop• WiMAX Forum: An industry organization to promote the IEEE 802.16 standard for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) • Has established a series

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Other Meas. Before Digital Demodulation• Time Capture

• Reduce uncertainty by analyzing known signal (useful during transition to digital demodulation)

• Provides for “real-time” & overlapped analysis

• Identify patterns not otherwise seen

• Capture 2-10 bursts (generally avoid very large captures)

• Spectrogram• See entire burst in frequency and time on one display

• Find subtle patterns, errors (data portion of burst should not have repeated patterns

• Find Problems Even if Demod. not yet Possible• Example: Power problem could be seen in demodulation mode, but

malformed pilots prevent demodulation--measure in vector mode

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Meas. & Troubleshooting Sequence

Set up demod & displaysConstellationError SummaryError vector spectrumError vector time

Cross-domain &cross-measurement links

Parameter adjustmentMore time capture

Get basics right,find major problems

Signal qualitynumbers, constellation,

basic error vector measurements

Find specificproblems & causes

Frequency,

Frequency & Time

Basic

Digital Demod

Advanced &

Specific Demod

2

Page 25: Mobile WiMAX Tech Measurement Workshop• WiMAX Forum: An industry organization to promote the IEEE 802.16 standard for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) • Has established a series

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Two Types of Demod Measurements• Two types of measurements

• “Uniform zone” similar to traditional OFDM, one modulation format and power level used over the entire permutation zone.

• “Data burst” uses definitions made by the user through the subchannel-by-symbol grid on the “Zone definition” tab.

• Results are the same, except “Data Burst” mode also provides “Data Burst Summary” results

• Uses:• Uniform zone analysis for component manufacturers

(Amps, Repeaters, Antennas, etc.) and anyone not dealing with the baseband DSP

• Data Burst analysis for others

OFDMA

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Initial Demodulation Results• Constellation

• Successful demodulation?

• Expected modulation type(s)?

• Indications of error?

• Symbols/Errors Table• Relative constellation error (RCE) = EVM of data and

pilot carriers

• Pilot & common pilot errors (CPE)

• I/Q errors including gain imbalance, quadrature error, delay mismatch

• Carrier frequency error, symbol clock error

Page 26: Mobile WiMAX Tech Measurement Workshop• WiMAX Forum: An industry organization to promote the IEEE 802.16 standard for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) • Has established a series

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Digital Demodulation--Basic Setup

• Uniform ZoneMeasurement

Data BurstAnalysisNot Used

OFDMA

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Troubleshooting 802.16-2005 Radios: Basic Demodulation Results

OFDMA

Page 27: Mobile WiMAX Tech Measurement Workshop• WiMAX Forum: An industry organization to promote the IEEE 802.16 standard for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) • Has established a series

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Basic Demodulation: Manual Selection of Demod Type• The result is incorrect, but successfully locked to Pilots

OFDMA

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Data Burst AnalysisManually Defineand Select Zonesor use Map File

Select any Zoneor Combination,with or withoutFCH

OFDMA

Page 28: Mobile WiMAX Tech Measurement Workshop• WiMAX Forum: An industry organization to promote the IEEE 802.16 standard for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) • Has established a series

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Linking Vector and Demod Measurements OFDMA

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Color Coding Reveals Signal Structure OFDMA

Page 29: Mobile WiMAX Tech Measurement Workshop• WiMAX Forum: An industry organization to promote the IEEE 802.16 standard for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) • Has established a series

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Initial Demodulation Results (cont.)• Error Vector Spectrum

• All symbols shown on Y-axis for each carrier on X-axis

• All-symbol average for each carrier is shown

• Examine for patterns/trends by carrier, differences between carriers & pilots

• Spurs will affect individual or few carriers, for all symbols

• Error Vector Time• All carriers shown on Y-axis for each symbol on X-axis

• All-carrier average for each symbol is shown

• Examine for patterns or changes according to symbol (time)

• Impulsive errors (DSP, interference, clocks, power) will affect all carriers for an individual symbol or group of symbols

OFDMA

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Error Vector Spectrum

Zoomed

All Carriers, 2 Data Bursts

OFDMA

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Initial Demodulation Results (cont.)• Coupled Markers

• Identify a symbol by time or frequency or error magnitude

• Link a symbol across time and frequency domains, and between different display types

• Link error peaks to constellation points, amplitude values, specific carriers, time points in a burst, as a way to pinpoint error mechanism

• Identify specific time instant or frequency to examine with advanced & specific demodulation techniques (next)

• Change Measurement & Display Parameters Without Taking New Data

• Use Time Capture to Provide Consistent Signal & Error Behavior

OFDMA

Agilent Restricted

Meas. & Troubleshooting Sequence

Demod by carrieror symbol or both

Select pilot tracking typesSelect carrier, timingPreamble (equalization) analysis

Cross-domain &cross-measurement links

Demod parameter adjustmentsMore time capture

Get basics right,find major problems

Signal qualitynumbers, constellation,

basic error vector measurements

Find specificproblems & causes

Frequency,

Frequency & Time

Basic

Digital Demod

Advanced &

Specific Demod

3

Page 31: Mobile WiMAX Tech Measurement Workshop• WiMAX Forum: An industry organization to promote the IEEE 802.16 standard for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) • Has established a series

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Burst by Burst Signal Analysis

Validate mod. formats

Validate boosting levels

Validate permutationalgorithms

Agilent Restricted

Uplink Analysis of Singe Data Burst• Non-Uniform Signal, Single Data Burst

DL-PUSC burstsare rectangularUL-PUSC burstsare wrapped

OFDMA

Page 32: Mobile WiMAX Tech Measurement Workshop• WiMAX Forum: An industry organization to promote the IEEE 802.16 standard for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) • Has established a series

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Pilot Tracking• In OFDMA, Pilots Change Location and are Not Present for All

Symbols

• In OFDMA, Pilot Tracking can “Break” Demod

• Demod relative to incorrect (data) carriers

• Demodulation Is Adjusted During A Subframe

• Demod is Performed Relative to the BPSK Pilots

• Some Errors are “Tracked Out” as Demod Follows Pilots

• Tracking Types can be Enabled/Disabled Independently

• Amplitude (default is off)

• Phase (default is on)

• Timing (default is off)

• Pilot Tracking Reduces Close-In Phase Noise

OFDMA

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Advanced Demodulation Results

• Common Pilot Error

• Pilot carriers provide continuous amplitude & phase reference to receiver

• Difference between the measured and ideal pilot subcarrier symbols

• Reveals signal changes during burst

OFDMA

Page 33: Mobile WiMAX Tech Measurement Workshop• WiMAX Forum: An industry organization to promote the IEEE 802.16 standard for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) • Has established a series

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• Channel Frequency & Impulse Response. Derived From Preamble or Preamble + Data

Channel Response from Equalizer OFDMA

Agilent Restricted

Relative Subcarrier Power• New Data Type: Channel Frequency Response Adjacent

Difference• Adjacent subcarrier power difference

• Measured from preamble, every 3rd physical subcarrier, or from selected data, with interpolation

OFDMA

Page 34: Mobile WiMAX Tech Measurement Workshop• WiMAX Forum: An industry organization to promote the IEEE 802.16 standard for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) • Has established a series

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Agenda

• Overview for Broadband Wireless Access• WiMAX-OFDMA Technologies• WiMAX-OFDMA Signal Meas. & Analysis• 802.16e WiMAX-OFDMA RF Measurement• Resource

Mobile WiMAX 802.16e RF Measurement

Page 35: Mobile WiMAX Tech Measurement Workshop• WiMAX Forum: An industry organization to promote the IEEE 802.16 standard for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) • Has established a series

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WiMAX & Mobile WiMAX Transmitter Testing

Base-band Stduio

Digital Interface

RF/Analog BB VSA/89601A SW

Analog I/Q

Digital I/Q

89601A-B7S WiMAX

89601A-B7Y Mobile WiMAX

RFTx

Agilent Restricted

IEEE 802.16e OFDMA Tx Specifications Overview

8.4.12.1 – Transmit power level control8.4.12.2 – Transmitter Spectral Flatness8.4.12.3 – Transmitter Constellation Error (RCE)8.4.14.1 – Center Frequency and Symbol Clock Frequency Tolerance

Page 36: Mobile WiMAX Tech Measurement Workshop• WiMAX Forum: An industry organization to promote the IEEE 802.16 standard for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) • Has established a series

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8.4.12 Transmitter requirements

• 8.4.12.1 Transmit power level control• The transmitter shall support monotonic

power level control of 45dB minimum (30 dB for license-exempt bands)

• Minimum step size of 1 dB

• Relative accuracy of ± 0.5 dB.

Agilent Restricted

8.4.12 Transmitter requirements• 8.4.12.2 Transmitter spectral flatness

• The average energy of the constellations in each of the n spectral lines shall deviate no more than indicated in follow table.

• The absolute difference between adjacent subcarriers shall not exceed 0.1 dB.

• The power transmitted at spectral line 0 shall not exceed -15 dB relative to total transmitted power

Page 37: Mobile WiMAX Tech Measurement Workshop• WiMAX Forum: An industry organization to promote the IEEE 802.16 standard for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) • Has established a series

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Physical Layer Measurement in the Standard: Transmitter Spectral Flatness• The absolute difference

between each adjacent sub-carrier shall be no more than 0.1dB

• +/-2dB difference from average energy allowed for carriers closer to center

• +2/-4dB difference from average energy allowed for carriers furthest from center

• There are several different methods of measurement

Agilent Restricted

8.4.12 Transmitter requirements• 8.4.12.2.3 Transmitter constellation error

• To ensure that the receiver SNR does not degrade more than 0.5 dB due to the transmitter SNR, the relative constellation RMS error, averaged over subcarriers, OFDMA frames, and packets, shall not exceed a burst profile dependent value according to Table

-26-2664-QAM-1/2

-30-28

-24-20.5-18-15

Relative constellation error for SS (dB)

–30–28

–24–20–18–15

Relative constellation error for BS(dB)

Burst Type

64-QAM-3/464-QAM-2/3

16-QAM-3/416-QAM-1/2QPSK-3/4QPSK-1/2

Page 38: Mobile WiMAX Tech Measurement Workshop• WiMAX Forum: An industry organization to promote the IEEE 802.16 standard for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) • Has established a series

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8.4.14 Frequency control• 8.4.14.1 Center Frequency and symbol clock frequency tolerance• For BS

• The transmitted center frequency, receive center frequency, and the symbol clock frequency shall be derived from the same reference oscillator.

• The reference frequency accuracy shall be better than ±2*10–6.• For SS

• Both the transmitted center frequency and the sampling frequencyshall be derived from the same reference oscillator.

• The center frequency shall deviate no more than 2% of the subcarrier spacing.

Agilent Restricted

IEEE 802.16e OFDMA Rx Specifications Overview

8.3.13.1.1 – Receiver Sensitivity8.3.13.1.2 – MS uplink transmit time tracking accuracy8.3.13.1.3 – MS aotonomous neighbor cell scanning8.3.13.2 – Receiver Adjacent and Non-adjacent channel Rejection8.3.13.3 – Receiver Maximum Input Signal8.3.13.4 – Receiver Maximum Tolerable Signal

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Agilent’s WiMAX Receiver Test BER/PER Testing

Rx

E4438C ESG Vector Signal Generator

Chipset Vendor-supplied SW will perform BER/PER

testing

WiMAX Signal Studio Software

Agilent Restricted

DUT

Digital I/Q or IF Signal Generation:Signal Generators with Digital Outputs

• Pre-Configured and Proprietary Signals using Arbitrary Waveform Generator

• Solutions Optimized for Digital I/Q and IF

Signal Generator with Digital Outputs

Digital SignalInterface Module

Page 40: Mobile WiMAX Tech Measurement Workshop• WiMAX Forum: An industry organization to promote the IEEE 802.16 standard for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) • Has established a series

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8.3.13 Receiver requirements• 8.3.13.1 Receiver sensitivity

• The BER measured after FEC shall be less than 10–6

• Using the defined standardized message packet formats

• Using an AWGN channel.

161/2

3/42/3

3/41/23/41/2

Coding Rate

2018

1410.5

85

Relativer SNR (dB)Modulation

64-QAM

16-QAM

QPSK

NFpLossN

NFRSNRRFFT

UsedSRxss ++⎟⎟

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛ ××+×−+−= Im10log10)(10log10114

Agilent Restricted

8.3.13 Receiver requirements• 8.3.13.2 Receiver adjacent and non-adjacent channel rejectio

• 8.3.13.3 Receiver maximum input signal• For SS, the receiver shall be capable of decoding a maximum on-

channel signal of –30 dBm.• For BS, the receiver shall be capable of decoding a maximum on-

channel signal of –45 dBm.• 8.3.13.4 Receiver maximum tolerable signal

• The receiver shall tolerate a maximum signal of 0 dBm without damage.

-23-4

-11

Adjacent Channel Rejection C/I (dB)

-30

Non-Adjacent Channel Rejection (dB)Modulation/Coding

64-QAM-3/4

16-QAM-3/4

Page 41: Mobile WiMAX Tech Measurement Workshop• WiMAX Forum: An industry organization to promote the IEEE 802.16 standard for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) • Has established a series

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Access to all test points…

Agilent Restricted

CONCLUSION: Structured Measurement Approach

• An Orderly Approach Will• Reduce setup and measurement errors (correct center frequency, span,

pulse/burst parameters)

• Find problems at the earliest stages of analysis

• Provide more understandable and useful measurement results

• Help avoid missing certain signal problems or impairments (some impairments are most clearly seen in vector measurements)

• Provide the fastest path to complete troubleshooting

• Agilent's 16e solution is >1 year old, and is in its 5th release!

• Mature, fully-validated analysis solution with a deep feature set

Page 42: Mobile WiMAX Tech Measurement Workshop• WiMAX Forum: An industry organization to promote the IEEE 802.16 standard for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) • Has established a series

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Resources• Agilent WiMAX Portal

www.agilent.com/find/wimax• WiMAX Ap-Notes (3)

• New OFDMA Ap-Note (available soon)

• Analysis: 89600 opt. B7Y technical overview & demonstration guide

• Signal Generation: N7615A technical overview

• Trial Version Software• 89601A VSA Software - CD Trial: Order 5980-1989E

• N7615A Signal Studio for 802.16 OFDMAwww.agilent.com/find/esg

Agilent Restricted

Page 43: Mobile WiMAX Tech Measurement Workshop• WiMAX Forum: An industry organization to promote the IEEE 802.16 standard for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) • Has established a series

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