UNIFIED WHEEL OPENNER A MINOR PROJECT SUBMITTED IN THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING OF KURUKSHETRA UNIVERSITY, KURUKSHETRA BY PARVEEN KUMAR ROLL NO. 1504267 AJIT KHATTER ROLL NO. 1504268 NEERAJ KUMAR ROLL NO. 1505476 UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF MR. DEEPAK MITTAL 1
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UNIFIED WHEEL OPENNER
A MINOR PROJECTSUBMITTED IN THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT
FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
OF
KURUKSHETRA UNIVERSITY, KURUKSHETRA
BY
PARVEEN KUMARROLL NO. 1504267
AJIT KHATTERROLL NO. 1504268NEERAJ KUMAR
ROLL NO. 1505476
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
MR. DEEPAK MITTAL
DEPARTMENTAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERINGN.C. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
ISRANA (PANIPAT)
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
To excel and develop in a field one has to have a sense of security and
authority with the essence of responsibility. There are always people
associated who help and guide for the successful achievement of the
desired objective. Therefore these must be obliged too.
While expressing our gratitude and indebt ness to our elite guide Mr.
Deepak Mittal the words loose their worth for his valuable guidance,
continuous encouragement and cooperation in every respect. His extreme
inspiration and generous affection bring the work towards completion. Our
special thanks to library department, N. C. college of Engg. for giving us
valuable books and journals.
At last but not least we are very thankful to our parents who inspired us and helped us.
1. Ajit Khatter 2. Parveen Kumar 3. Neeraj Kumar
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CERTIFICATE
It is to be certified that Ajit Khatter, Parveen Kumar and Neeraj Kumar,
students of final year Mechanical Engineering has partially completed for 7th
Sem. The project entitled “Unified Wheel Opener” under my guidance
and direction as a requisite for the fulfillment of the degree of B. Tech. in
Mechanical Engineering from Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra.
Mr. Deepak Mittal Mr. Vinit SinglaLecturer Head of DepartmentMechanical Engg. Dept. Mechanical Engg. Dept.N. C. College of Engg. N. C. College of Engg.
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ABSTRACT
Today the life of man is simple and comfortable as various resources are
available for each and process that a person has to perform in his day to
day life, and these resources and equipments helps the person to perform
his work in efficient and less time consuming manner. Today, the four
wheeler means a car available for more than 70% peoples in the urban
areas. There are many equipments are designed so that any operation
required to be done on a car can be done easily and in a shorter period of
time as possible. There is a problem that can be considered as time
consuming and requires more effort which is the opening of wheel of a car
for its replacement or any other operation. Today the unit of a wheel are
opened by one of which requires more efforts and consume a lot of time .for
this problem the unified wheel opener is an solution.
Unified wheel opener is a special purpose tool made to open/close all the
nuts of a wheel in one time less effort. Although various methods of
opening nuts are used, but they require a lot of effort to open a single nut
one by one. With the help of Unified Wheel opener we made arrangement
to open/close all the nuts by amplifying the torque. Different types of gears
& sprockets are arranged in such a way that if we apply 1Nm torque with
our hand, then we get 20Nm torque as output for combined operation. In
the work, we concentrate only one application domain i.e. Wheels of car-
Maruti 800. The main objective of work is to develop a mechanism in one
assembly, which can be made in automobiles. It can be successfully used as
a standard tool provided with a new vehicle. Also it can be used in assembly
line of automobiles, workshops and service stations. Designs is simple,
easily workable, and economical and try to satisfy all the aspects of design
consideration.
CONTENTS
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ACKNOWEDGEMENT i
CERTIFICATE ii
ABSTRACT iii
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Introduction 21.2 List of parts 31.3 Applications 41.4 Objective 41.5 Organization of work 4
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 6
2.1 Introduction 72.2 Conclusion 16
CHAPTER 3 MATERIAL SELECTION 18
3.1 Introduction to engineering material 193.2 Engineering materials for product design 193.3 Selection criteria 203.4 Selection of material 22
CHAPTER 4 DESIGN PROCEDURE 25 4.1 Design and product cycle 264.2 Challenges of design engineering 264.3 Quality of good design 274.4 Introduction to design 274.5 Designing 304.6 Design procedure for gear and pinion 304.7 Design procedure for pinion shaft 314.8 Design procedure for compound shaft 324.9 Design procedure for output shaft 32
CHAPTER 5 MANUFACTURING PROCESS 355.1 Gear 365.2 Axle 385.3 Assembly 405.4 Material purchase 41
CHAPTER 6 FUTURE WORKS 42
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6.1 Future work 43
REFERANCES 44
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CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
Engineering in general, and Mechanical engineering in particular, deals with
a wide spectrum of products, ranging from large and complex systems
comprising of numerous elements down to a single component. Apart from
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being a physical object, a product can also be a service that requires the
application of engineering knowledge, skills and devices to be useful to
society. A service falls under the category of a system in that it is carried
out with the help of personnel, facilities and procedures. The service offered
by an automobile maintenance and repair garage would be a typical
example from mechanical engineering. Even computer software could be
treated as an engineering product. It is also created using engineering
knowledge and skills. In the following, the term product when used alone
denotes the object to be designed and made with the help of engineering
knowledge and skills, irrespective of whether it is a large system, a simple
machine, a component or a service. Specific reference to design of
computer software is not attempted in the following although many of the
generalities apply to it also.
A general understanding of the nature of product is a prerequisite for
designing it. A complex product can be sub divided into sub assemblies or
sub system, component etc. Frequently the planning, layout and design of a
complex multi element product is an interdisciplinary effort, requiring the
expertise and skills not only of several engineering specialization but even
non engineering ones.
It is always preferable that our work should be easy and fast. But easy and
fast working requires some technical skills to work efficiency and properly.
In our daily life we face many problems where we need a lot of effort and
time to do that specific work. A little but important work we do often is
opening a tyre of a vehicle. It is a fact that a huge effort is required to open
a single nut of a car wheel and it will become a tedious task to open the
wheel in extreme atmospheric conditions. It also cerates problem when we
are in hurry.
Here we get the solution of the problem mentioned above Unified Wheel
Opener is a special tool designed by us which will open a tyre easily. It is so
designed that it can open all the four nuts of a car wheel in one time. And
the most desired achievement we get is that total effort and time needed in
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the process is very less. It can open and also refit the tyre with the same
tool easily. Tool is simple in design, easy to use and easily portable along
with the vehicle. Overall of instrument is in the reach of average citizen.
Great efforts are made to satisfy each and every technical aspects of the
design.
1.2 List of Parts
SR. NO. PART NAME NUMBER
1 MAIN GEARS(spur) 2
2 PINIONS(spur) 2
3 SPROCKETS 4
4 ROLLER CHAIN 1
5 SOCKET SPANNER 5
6 AXLES 3
7 SHAFTS 3
8 BUSHES AND BEARING 9
9 STUD 8
10 PLATES 2
11 KEY 1
12 RATCHET HANDLE 1
1.3 Application
Application domain of unified Wheel Opener is in automobile industries.
According to our preplanned project we describe the following places where
it can be used successfully:
It can be used as standard equipment provided with a new vehicle for
the purpose of opening and refit a punctured wheel in the midway.
It can be used in workshops to open a wheel in place of using pneumatic
guns which are restricted to the availability of light and compressed air;
it can be easily operated with hands.
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It can be used in assembly line of automobiles where more time is
consumed in tightening all the four nuts one by one. As it takes less
time to fit a new tyre, it will lead to increase productivity.
1.4 Objective
A simple mechanism if used properly can lead to a great success. U.W.O. is
a tool which is made for automobile field. Aim of our project is to save time
and human effort. We have tried our best to adopt the design having
minimum input torque and required output torque which is not possible
without using U.W.O.
1.5 Organization at Work
Completion of any work requires proper planning and management from
the initial stage. From case study to fabrication different steps are involved.
First of all we decide the aim of our project. Application of our design,
benefits and other aspects are discussed in the first chapter.
In the second lap of our work we finalize about the material required for the
fabrication of different parts. A lot of engineering materials are studied
before the selection of material.
After the selection of material the big work is to design each and every part
of the project. Design of gears, shafts, axles, sprockets, pinion and other
parts are described in third chapter.
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CHAPTER-2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
A lot of research activities has been carried out on gears mechanisms since
very first gear was manufactured. A gear transmits the power from one
shaft to another in various relative position. Many engineers and designers
put there efforts in this field and succeeded also. They put all of their
knowledge and the studies about gears on papers, with the use of these
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papers anyone can know about advancement of the research carried out by
them.
With these research papers, we come to know various aspects about gear.
These papers explore how a mechanism can be driven at uniform speed
and non–uniform speed. Also these papers tells about selection of material
for a gear depending upon requirement. There are a number of different
gears which have different application areas. The research papers helps in
choosing the appropriate type of gear.
Wen-Hsiang Hsie in his paper “An experimental study on cam-
controlled planetary gear trains” describes that a mechanism is driven
by a motor at uniform speed. However, more and more researches indicate
that there are many advantages if a mechanism can be driven at non-
uniform speed, and this kind of mechanism is called a variable input
mechanism. The purpose of this work is to propose a novel approach for
driving a variable speed mechanism by using a cam-controlled planetary
gear train, and to investigate its feasibility by conducting prototype
experiments. First, the geometrical design is performed. Then, the
kinematic equations and the cam profile equations are derived based on
the geometry of the mechanism.
Cam-controlled planetary gear trains (CCPGT) are planetary gear trains with
cam pairs. Chironis illustrated a CCPGT in his book From the exploded
view .it is composed of a cam groove (the frame), a sun gear (the output), a
planetary gear, and an arm (the input). In general, the planetary arm
rotates at constant speed, and drives the planetary gear to revolve around
the sun gear and to spin around itself simultaneously. At the same time, the
planetary gear produces an oscillatory motion through the contact of the
attached roller and the cam groove. Therefore, the sun gear can produce a
non-uniform motion by engaging with the planetary gear. The main
advantage is that it can produce a wide range of non-uniform output
motion.
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Kuen-BaoSheu in his paper “Analysis and evaluation of hybrid
scooter transmission systems” describes a new design concept of
transmissions for the hybrid scooters. These transmissions consist of a one-
degree-of-freedom planetary gear train and a two-degree-of-freedom
planetary gear train to from a split power system and to combine the power
of two power sources, a gasoline engine and an electric motor. In order to
maximize the performance and reduce emissions, the transmissions can
provide a hybrid scooter to run five operating modes: electric motor mode;
engine mode; engine/charging mode; power mode, and regenerative
braking mode. The main advantages of the transmissions proposed in this
paper include the use of only one electric motor/generator, need not use
clutch/brake for the shift of the operating modes, and high efficiency.
Motorcycles/scooters are providing the basic and personal transport
services in many of Taiwan’s urban areas. This cause air pollution in
Taiwan’s urban areas is rapidly increasing to dangerous levels since a major
source of emission comes from the exhausts of gasoline scooters. Existing
and proposed battery-powered scooters have low performance and
therefore been sold only in small quantities and are not widely used. Hybrid
vehicles are widely investigated recently. This is because, that from
economical and technical points of view the hybrid concepts offer the
possibility of achieving to fill the gap of zero emission powered and gasoline
engine powered vehicles.
Ligang Yao Jian S. Dai Guowu Wei and Yingjie Cai in their paper states
that investigates meshing characteristics of the toroidal drive with different
roller shapes, examines the effect on the characteristics from roller shapes
and produces a comprehensive comparative study. Based on the coordinate
transformation, the paper introduces the generic models of meshing
characteristics and characterizes the meshing to introduce both
undercutting and meshing limit curves. The paper further develops meshing
functions and their derivatives with respect to each drive type with a
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different roller shape. This leads to a comprehensive examination of each
meshing characteristics against each drive type of a roller shape. The
comparative study focuses on the effect of contact curves, tooth profile,
undercutting, meshing limit curves and the induced normal curvature.
The toroidal drive offers the advantages such as a high horsepower-to-
weight ratio, coaxial configurations, compactness, and high operating
efficiencies. It combines most of the positive attributes of a circular worm-
gear drive and an epicyclic gear drive without their negative aspects due to
the introduction of rollers in meshing contact with rolling movement
between a sun-worm and planet worm-gears, and between a stationary
internal gear and planet worm-gears.
Using rollers as meshing media is popular in mechanical transmissions such