Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Embassy Dhaka, Bangladeshum.dk/en/~/media/UM/English-site/Documents/Danida/About-Danida... · IDCOL Infrastructure Development Company Limited ... Ministry

Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Embassy Dhaka, Bangladesh

F2 number: 2015 - 55730

Grant Committee Meeting 15 March 2016

Agenda item no: 2

1. Title: Bangladesh Country Programme

2. Partners: Public institutions, multilateral organisations, civil society organisations and private sector

3. Amount: DKK 335 million

4. Duration: 2016 – 2021

5. Presentation to Programme Committee: 19 November 2014

6. Previous Grants:

Human Rights and Good Governance (III) (2011-16), DKK 190 million Agricultural Growth and Employment (2013-2018) DKK 330 million Water and Sanitation (2012-2016), DKK 200 million

7. Strategies and Policy Priorities: Denmark - Bangladesh Country Policy Paper, 2013-2017 Denmark’s Strategy – Right to a Better Life (2012), Growth and Employment - Strategic Framework 2011- 2015

8. Danish national Account Code: 06.32.01.11

9. Desk Officer: Deputy Head of Mission Jakob Haugaard; Head of Cooperation Peter Bøgh Jensen

10. Head of representation: Ambassador Hanne Fugl Eskjær

11. Summary:

The Bangladesh Country Programme 2016-2021 is in line with the Denmark-Bangladesh Country Policy and will support the implementation of Bangladesh’s 7th Five-Year Plan (2016-2021), “Accelerating Growth, Empowering Citizens” in an inclusive, pro-poor and sustainable manner. The Country Programme consists of three thematic programmes.

The Thematic Programmes on Agricultural Growth and Employment will support farmers to improve their productivity, food security, promote climate smart farming and link them up to markets. At least 50 % of the beneficiaries are women. The Thematic Programme on Climate Resilience and Sustainable Energy will enhance adaptation to climate change by upgrading connectivity in climate vulnerable areas using labour-intensive approaches empowering women. Access to renewable and efficient energy will be improved by working with the private sector. Finally, the Thematic Programme on Governance and Rights will contribute to promoting rule of law, accountability and rights for poor and vulnerable people. This will be done in partnership with duty bearers, right-based NGOs, watchdogs and international organisations. Several engagements include a particular effort to address the post-conflict situation of the Chittagong Hill Tracts, a region lagging behind the rest of Bangladesh in terms of income, nutrition, social services and security.

The Embassy of Denmark in Dhaka

Bangladesh Country Programme Document

2016 - 2021

February 2016

Bangladesh Country Programme Document 2016-2021

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List of Abbreviations

6FYP 6th Five Year Plan

7FYP 7th Five Year Plan

ABDC Agro Business Development Component

AFSP Agriculture and Food Security Project

ALRD Association for Land Reform and Development

ASK Ain o Salish Kendra

BCCSAP Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan

BCP Bangladesh Country Programme

BDT Bangladeshi Taka

BfTW Bread for the World (previously Welthunger Hilfe)

BIBEC Building Integrity Blocks for Effective Change (TIB Programme)

BLAST Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust

BNWLA Bangladesh National Women Lawyers Association

CCAMP Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Programme

CCVA Community Climate Vulnerability Assessment

CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Discrimination Against Women

CHT Chittagong Hill Tracts

CHTDF Chittagong Hill Tracts Development Facility

CSO Civil Society Organisation

DAC Development Assistance Committee

DAE Department of Agricultural Extension

Danida Danish International Development Assistance

DE Development Engagement

DFID Department for International Development (UK)

DKK Danish Krone

DP Development Partner

EM Ethnic Minority

EoD Embassy of Denmark

ERD Economic Relations Division, Government of Bangladesh

EU European Union

FFS Farmer Field Schools

GCF Green Climate Fund

GDP Gross Domestic Product

GHG Greenhouse Gas

GoB Government of Bangladesh

HR Human Rights

HRBA Human Rights Based Approach

HRGG Human Rights and Good Governance

HRV Human Rights Violation

HYSAWA Hygiene, Sanitation and Water Supply

IDCOL Infrastructure Development Company Limited

IFC International Finance Corporation


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IFMC Integrated Farm Management Component

ILO International Labour Organisation

JCS Joint Cooperation Strategy

LCS Labour Contracting Societies

LDC Least Developed Country

LDP Local Development Plan

LG Local Government

LGD Local Government Division (MoLGRD&C)

LGED Local Government Engineering Department

LGI Local Government Institution

LGSP Local Governance Support Project

LRP Local Resilience Plan

M&E Monitoring and Evaluation

MJF Manusher Jonno Foundation

MoEF Ministry of Environment and Forests

MoLGRD&C Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Cooperatives

MOHA Ministry of Home Affairs

MOLJPA Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs

MoWCA Ministry of Women and Children Affairs

MoCHTA Ministry of Chittagong Hill Tracts Affairs

MSPVAW Multi-Sectoral Programme on Violence Against Women

MTR Mid-Term review

NAP National Adaptation Plan

NAPA National Adaptation Programme of Action

NCCI Nordic Chamber of Commerce and Industry

NEC Strategy Strategic Framework for Natural Resources, Energy, and Climate

NHRC National Human Rights Commission

NIS National Integrity Strategy

NLASO National Legal Aid and Services Organisation

NORAD Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation

NTFP Non Timber Forest Product

OECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development

PANT Participation, Accountability, Non-discrimination and Transparency

PBGs Performance-Based Grants

PDC Para Development Committee

RF Results Framework

RMG Ready-Made Garments

SDC Swiss Agency for Development Cooperation

SDUP Sustainable Democratic Union Parishad Project (UPGP’s successor)

SME Small and Medium Enterprise

SIDA Swedish International Development Assistance

TIB Transparency International Bangladesh

TP Thematic Programme

UNCDF United Nations Capital Development Fund

UNDP United Nations Development Programme


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UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

UP Union Parishad

UPGP Union Parishad Governance Project

UPR Universal Periodic Review

UZGP Upazila Parishad Governance Project

UZP Upazila Parishad

VAW Violence Against Women

WB World Bank


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Table of Content

Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Embassy Dhaka, Bangladesh ................................................................... i

1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................1

2. Summary of the country level context .............................................................................................2 2.1 Preparatory analysis - Towards 2021: “Accelerating Growth, Empowering Citizens” .....3 2.2 Strategic considerations and justification .................................................................................6 2.3 Summary of risk analysis ............................................................................................................8 2.4 Theory of change ...................................................................................................................... 10 2.5 Budget overview ....................................................................................................................... 13

3. Thematic Programme: Agricultural Growth and Employment ................................................ 13 3.1 Strategic considerations and justification .............................................................................. 13 3.2 Thematic Programme summary ............................................................................................. 16

4. Thematic Programme: Climate Resilience and Sustainable Energy ......................................... 19 4.1 Strategic considerations and justification .............................................................................. 19 4.2 Thematic Programme summary ............................................................................................. 22

5. Thematic Programme: Governance and Rights .......................................................................... 25

6. Management set-up at Country Programme level ...................................................................... 32

7. Country Programme budget .......................................................................................................... 34

Annex 1: Country policy paper ............................................................................................................... 35

Annex 2: Partners – brief description .................................................................................................... 36

Annex 3: Results Framework at output level ........................................................................................ 41

Annex 4: Budget ....................................................................................................................................... 60

Annex 5: Risk Management Matrix ........................................................................................................ 61

Annex 6: Approved response by representation to summary of appraisal recommendations ..... 62

Annex 7: Results Framework – Governance and Rights .................................................................... 63


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1. Introduction

The present Country Programme is part of a broad based partnership between Denmark and Bangladesh covering diplomacy, dialogue, development and trade. The Country Programme is in line with the overall development priorities by the Government of Bangladesh (GoB). It has a timeframe from 2016-2021 and contains three Thematic Programmes:

1. Agricultural Growth and Employment 2. Climate Resilience and Sustainable Energy 3. Governance and Rights

The Country Programme has been prepared within the context of the Denmark - Bangladesh Country Policy Paper (2013-17). It underlines that poverty reduction and other key development challenges are central elements of the Danish engagement in Bangladesh. It represents a movement towards a comprehensive partnership where Denmark promotes a more sustainable private sector and pursues commercial interests by developing the existing commercial ties with Bangladesh. The Country Policy Paper’s guiding policy priorities fit well with the Danish Government’s strategy on export promotion and economic diplomacy (2014).

Based on the guidance received from the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and in close dialogue with partners in Bangladesh, the Country Programme primarily addresses the objectives in the Country Policy that have direct development focus:

Contribute to poverty reduction, growth and sustainable development

Promote democracy, respect for human rights, rule of law and good governance

Development cooperation works in synergy with other instruments such as: Danida business instruments; climate change activities financed by the “Climate Envelope”; minor strategic initiatives financed by the Embassy under the “Local Grant Authority”; the Investment Fund for Developing Countries (IFU) and the recently introduced “Strategic Sector Cooperation”1.

Instruments aimed at promoting commercial cooperation through the Danish Trade Council are also in play and contribute to the third objective of the Country Policy Paper, i.e. promoting commercial cooperation between Denmark and Bangladesh. Meanwhile, the fourth overall objective in the Country Policy – strengthen collaboration on global issues – remains an on-going part of the broader political dialogue with the Government.

Alignment to Bangladesh’s national development priorities has been an essential aspect of the design process, along with integrating lessons learned from previous activities and keeping to the division of labour with other stakeholders, that serves the country best. A Theory of Change is illustrated in the figure at page 12. This document sets out the overall objectives, thematic objectives as well as expected outcomes and major risks of the overall Country Programme.

1 The Strategic Sector Cooperation between Danish and Bangladeshi labour authorities on occupational safety and health in the Ready-Made Garments sector was approved in December 2015. With the introduction of the Government-to-Government partnership, Denmark now supports all social partners within this sector. This is an example of how synergy between different development and commercial instruments can contribute to decent jobs, sustainable production and growth.


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2. Summary of the country level context

Formerly East Pakistan, Bangladesh came into being only in 1971, when the two parts of Pakistan split after a bitter war that – combined with partition itself - left the country devastated. Denmark was among the first to officially recognise Bangladesh following its independence. As a new country, Bangladesh faced immense development challenges in terms of widespread poverty, hunger and lack of natural resources in the 1970s. Since then, Bangladesh has seen a growth in GNI per capita from around USD 100 in 1972, the second lowest in the world, to USD 1,314 in 2015.

The pace of annual economic growth has increased with 1% point per decade since the 1980s. It has been above 6% since 2010. This progress has been witnessed despite the global recession, fluctuating oil prices and natural disasters. The resilience of the Bangladeshi economy to external shocks is generally explained by a strong macroeconomic framework (modest inflation, increase in international reserves and moderate debt-to-GDP-ratio) and strong growth in remittances and exports, which is partly based on a growing and cheap labour force2.

Source: World Bank (2015): “Bangladesh: More and Better Jobs to Accelerated Shared Growth and End Extreme Poverty”.

As a consequence of inclusive economic growth and improved economic performance, Bangladesh has successfully met the Millennium Development Goal 1 of halving extreme poverty by 2015 by reducing poverty from 57% in 1991 to 25% in 20153. Poverty reduction picked up between 2000 – 2010, where the number of poor people decreased by 17 million. Bangladesh has also made the fastest improvement in infant and under-5 year mortality in the whole of South Asia, increased enrolment rate and managed to reduce maternal mortality by more than three-quarters. Life expectancy rose by 10 years between 1990 and 2010, from 59 to 69. On the other hand, further progress is needed in areas such as malnutrition, primary school completion, adult literacy and job creation4.

New opportunities and challenges have emerged over the years. The Ready-Made Garments (RMG) industry today constitutes the backbone of Bangladesh’s incipient industrialization, employing millions and accounting for over 80% of total exports, but also bringing along new 2 See IMF (2016): “Country Report No. 16/27” 3 The poverty estimates for 2015 and the achievement of Millennium Development Goals in 2015 are based on projections. See Bangladesh Planning Commission (2015): “MDG Progress Report 2015” and World Bank (2015): “Bangladesh: More and Better Jobs to Accelerated Shared Growth and End Extreme Poverty” 4 See Bangladesh Planning Commission (2015): “MDG Progress Report 2015”


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challenges, e.g. poor working conditions and industrial pollution. Bangladesh and international stakeholders – incl. Denmark – are putting a lot of efforts into rectifying shortcomings in the RMG sector.

2.1 Preparatory analysis - Towards 2021: “Accelerating Growth, Empowering Citizens”

The Government’s Vision 2021 is a political statement on where Bangladesh intends to be when it marks the 50 year anniversary of independence: a country with accelerated economic growth and empowered citizens. This development has to take place in the context of a development scenario characterized by better education, social justice, protection of the environment, climate resilience, respect for democracy, rule of law, human rights and equal opportunities5.

The 7th Five-Year Plan (2016-2020) labelled “Accelerating Growth, Empowering Citizens” was approved by the Government in November 20156. It was developed with a view of operationalising the Vision 2021 while taking the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into account.

The Country Programme has been formulated to respond to Bangladesh’s overall development priorities as reflected in the Government’s Vision 2021 and the 7th Five-Year Plan (7 FYP) while matching Danish policy priorities, added value and past development experiences. In this way, the Country Programme is also designed to support Sustainable Development Goals to be achieved by 2030.

The Country Programme builds on more than 40 years of development cooperation between Denmark and Bangladesh, continuously adjusted over the years to maintain its relevance and responsiveness to the challenges faced by the country. Lessons learned from the past have also guided the selection of partners and decisions on which engagements to pursue under the Country Programme7.

During the Country Programme formulation process, priority has been given to areas where the Danish engagement – in coordination with other stakeholders – can contribute to transformative change in strategically important areas. It was found that Denmark can add particular value by focusing on poverty reduction and employment in the agriculture sector; climate resilience and access to sustainable energy as well as governance and human rights. And it was found that Denmark should continue its long standing engagement in the Chittagong Hill Tracts.

In this way, Denmark will contribute to making growth more inclusive and sustainable and contribute to ensuring that nobody is left behind in the development process, which is an essential part of the agenda for sustainable development.

The Country Policy and the motivating country analysis provide essential contextual background to the decisions that have been made on focus areas and engagements during the

5 Government of Bangladesh (2012): “Perspective Plan of Bangladesh: Making Vision 2012 a Reality” 6 Government of Bangladesh (2015): “7th Five-Year Plan (FY2016-FY2020) – Accelerating Growth, Empowering Citizens” 7 See European Commission (2016): “Joint Country Level Evaluation of Bangladesh – Sweden, Denmark and the European Commission” (third draft final report) and Nordic Consulting Group (2014): “Evaluation of Danida Business-to-Business Programme 2004-2011 – Bangladesh Country Report”


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design phase of the Country Programme. Three overall challenges were found to be of particular importance for Denmark’s contribution to transformational change in accordance with the 7 FYP:

1) Poverty reduction remains a challenge – despite remarkable progress

Bangladesh has been successful in reducing poverty through inclusive economic growth during the past decades. This being said, poverty remains a big challenge, and about 40 million people still live in poverty in 2015. This makes Bangladesh one of the poorest countries in South Asia.

An even larger number of people and households are at the margin and highly vulnerable to any kind of economic shock, more so in rural areas – and in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) - where poverty is still significantly higher and more extreme than in urban centres. Furthermore, Bangladesh’s under-nutrition burden is one of the highest in the world.

According to World Bank, economic projections indicate that the poverty rate would fall to 15% - 20% by 2030. This is indeed positive, but it would not be enough to eradicate extreme poverty by 2030. Hence, additional pro-poor interventions which improve access to basic social services and inclusive growth are needed.

Poverty reduction through income growth has primarily been driven by increased remittances, increases in farm income and the development of the Ready-Made Garments sector, which has created millions of salaried jobs and empowered women. Income generation by increasing productivity and employment is key to further poverty reduction, a priority also accentuated by the rapidly growing labour force8.

More than 2 million new workers enter the labour market every year. Agriculture – despite the Government’s efforts to further diversify the labour market – remains a key sector, providing over 45% of total household income and employing nearly half of the country’s workforce. Not least many of the rural poor are dependent on agriculture for their livelihood and income. However, following urbanization and climate change, the amount of farmland is shrinking, and most rural households have very little cultivable land. An increasing number of rural households are living from off-farm work.

The continued support to poor, landless and marginal farmers in the agriculture is therefore seen as a strategic Danish priority in the Country Programme.

2) Climate resilience is key to sustainable economic growth

Bangladesh’s susceptibility to climate change and the ever-increasing pressure on natural resources and the environment are major challenges. Climate change remains the dark horse with the potential to turn progress and aspirations upside down in a country that is already one of the world’s most polluted and has one of the highest population densities.

Climate scientists suggest that by 2050, rising sea levels will inundate around 18% of the land and displace millions. More than 30 million people – primarily in southern Bangladesh - may be directly affected. In the south of the country the intrusion of salt water is affecting both surface and ground water and agricultural land is becoming less productive. Those hit hardest

8 World Bank (2013): “Bangladesh Poverty Assessment” and World Bank (2015): “Bangladesh: More and Better Jobs to Accelerate Shared Growth and End Extreme Poverty”


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are primarily the very poor, who are forced to live in the most climate-vulnerable areas and without other alternatives than possibly the slums of Dhaka.

Access to energy remains a serious challenge for continued economic growth in Bangladesh. Only 60% of the population had access to energy in 2010, and the availability of energy is seen as one of the major concerns for accelerated economic growth and business development. Prior to the Climate Change conference in Paris in November 2015 (COP21), Bangladesh made a commitment to double the share of renewable energy in electricity generation from 5% in 2015 to 10% in 2021 – mainly from solar and wind energy and to reduce Green House Gas emissions between 5 - 15% by 2030 depending on the level of international support9. Energy efficiency measures in the industrial production and the development of renewable energy are as two key areas where Bangladesh would like to see increased international support in terms of technology transfer and financing. Hence, Bangladesh shows a willingness to play its part in the global collective action to reduce future emissions.

Since climate resilience and access to renewable energy and energy efficient technologies are important in order to promote sustainable development, these areas will be strategic priorities in the Country Programme.

3) Development and growth are held back by weak governance and rights

The “Bangladesh Surprise” is sometimes used to describe the coexistence of remarkable progress in terms of economic and social development on the one side and relatively weak institutions and low performance on governance indicators on the other side10. The Government of Bangladesh recognises that the promotion of democratic, efficient and accountable institutions and gender equality are important means for making the Vision 2021 a reality. At the same time, it also acknowledges that the respect of human rights is a value in itself11. Improvements in these areas are likely to contribute to realising the Government’s ambition to accelerate economic growth from the current 6% to 8% in 2021.

Bangladesh has generally developed high quality policies, but implementation and enforcement have often been a challenge e.g. within labour and environmental standards. Capacity constraints in the public administration have resulted in delays and slow implementation progress in the Government’s development plans and have resulted in difficulties in implementing complex institutional reform processes. Likewise, the Government’s capacity to engage with the private sector and create good conditions for private investments and public-private partnerships is an area where improvements can be made. One of the explanations for these capacity constraints could be the relative small size of the Government measured by the tax-to-GDP ratio. Therefore, the public sector is currently not adequately equipped to address the key challenges, which are required to achieve the needed economic and social reforms.

The Government sees the promotion of good governance in general and accountability mechanisms in particular as a way of curbing corruption and promoting sustainable

9 Government of Bangladesh, Ministry of Environment and Forest (2015): “Bangladesh’ Intended Nationally Determined Contributions” 10 See World Governance Indicators http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/index.aspx#home and Government of Bangladesh (2015): “7th Five-Year Plan (FY2016-FY2020) – Accelerating Growth, Empowering Citizens”, pp. 39 and 162 11 Government of Bangladesh (2012): “Perspective Plan of Bangladesh: Making Vision 2012 a Reality”

http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/index.aspx#home


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development. Corruption is considered a challenge and it is largely held responsible for underperformance of the state12. Therefore, further action is needed to implement the Government’s National Integrity Strategy (NIS) from 2012 and to follow-up on Bangladesh’s accession to the UN Convention against Corruption in 2007.

An independent judiciary and rule of law are also mentioned by the Government as key elements for democratic governance13. Access to justice is critical for the rule of law and protecting the rights of citizens. However, a considerable back log of cases indicates that the judiciary is not able to provide full access, which is a matter of concern.

The respect for universal human rights remains on the agenda in Bangladesh. The National Human Rights Commission has identified a series of challenges within civil, political, social and cultural rights in its second five-year strategic plan for 2016 – 2020, such as “Women

Empowerment and Discrimination against Women, Gender‐based Violence”; “Occupational Safety, Wages and Welfare including Trade Union Rights of the Garments Workers” and “Full and Prompt Implementation of, and compliance with, the CHT Accord Focusing on Land Rights”14.

While gender inequality in general has improved in Bangladesh there is still a need to address gender-based violence and equal access to health, education and employment15. Continued efforts in this area will also help increasing the economic participation of women, which is needed to accelerate growth. Improvements in the labour market in Bangladesh through social dialogue and increased state capacity to enforce occupational safety and health of workers are also seen as contributing factors for sustainable economic growth.

Failure to address general development needs and the rights of ethnic minorities i.a. in the CHT has left the region lagging behind the rest of the country. Only 7.8% of all people living in CHT complete primary education and the prevalence of absolute poverty and extreme poverty in ethnic communities are 65% and 44% respectively16. The CHT Peace Accord signed in 1997 put an end to years of insurgency in the region, but full implementation is yet to take place. One particular concern that needs more attention is resolving land disputes emerging from common-law and tradition based land use patterns. In the absence of well-defined property rights, this is a sensitive matter and requires informed resolution.

Considering the strong values that both Denmark and Bangladesh attach to the respect for human rights and the link between good governance and sustainable development, these areas will be strategic priorities in the Country Programme. And they will be important elements in realising the Government’s Vision 2021.

2.2 Strategic considerations and justification

The Country Programme aims at contributing to Bangladesh’s endeavours to address the above-mentioned challenges through the following three thematic programmes:

12 Government of Bangladesh (2015): “7th Five-Year Plan (FY2016-FY2020) – Accelerating Growth, Empowering Citizens”, pp. 165 13 Government of Bangladesh (2015): “7th Five-Year Plan (FY2016-FY2020) – Accelerating Growth, Empowering Citizens”, pp. 170 14 National Human Rights Commission (2015): “Second Five-year Strategic Plan (2016-220). See http://www.nhrc.org.bd/ 15 In 2014, Bangladesh ranked 142 out of 188 countries on the UN Gender Equality Index http://hdr.undp.org/en/composite/GII 16 Government of Bangladesh (2015): “7th Five-Year Plan (FY2016-FY2020) – Accelerating Growth, Empowering Citizens”, pp. 12 and 680

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_inequality

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh

http://www.nhrc.org.bd/

http://hdr.undp.org/en/composite/GII


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1) Agricultural Growth and Employment – through inclusive agricultural growth and employment in rural areas through better skills, organisation and market access. Special attention is given to marginal and small farm households. Women make up at least 50% of the target group,

2) Climate Resilience and Sustainable Energy – through enhanced resilience and adaptive capacity in terms of climate change as well as improved access to renewable and efficient energy.

3) Governance and Rights – through increased accountability, promoting rule of law and improving rights of vulnerable groups. Special attention is given to the rights of women, ethnic minorities and workers in the garments industry.

The thematic programmes hold ample potential for internal synergies and they are generally designed to complement activities of Government as well as other development partners’ programmes. Social mobilisation, empowerment, climate resilience, gender equality and support to ethnic minorities, in particular in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, run like a thread through all the thematic programmes.

For instance, Engagements within climate resilience as well as the Engagement providing general capacity building to the Union Parishads (UP) - the lowest administrative level - will support the preparation of local level climate change resilience plans, supplementary to the existing village planning. The selection of the UPs to be supported through the climate resilience Engagements will be based upon the challenges faced by the UPs, ranging from protection against flooding, climate proofing of water and sanitation to livelihoods resilience in the Chittagong Hill Tracts.

The Country Programme applies a Human Rights Based Approach (HRBA) across the board, promoting the principles of non-discrimination, participation, transparency and accountability in all the thematic programmes. For instance, Engagements under Agricultural Growth and Employment as well as Climate Resilience are paying particular attention to increasing the participation of vulnerable and marginalised groups such as women, ethnic minorities and small farmers. The HRBA principles constitute the very core of the Governance and Rights thematic programme.

The partner institutions in the three thematic programmes have been selected through a careful process where a history on delivering results, relevance, robustness and proper financial management have been main criteria.

Aid effectiveness

Bangladesh is relatively independent of foreign aid, and Official Development Assistance (ODA) constitutes only 2% of GDP. At the same time, however, ODA finances around one third of Bangladesh’s national development plans. The Engagement by development partners thus remains important in terms of catalysing transformational change. The largest development partners are the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the EU, Japan, UK and USA, while a number of other “non-traditional” development partners – such as China and India – are also significant and highly influential actors. Alignment to national systems, coordination and harmonisation among development partners have been challenging for many years. However, as a follow-up to the Bangladesh Development Forum in November 2015, the Government and international development partners have agreed to elaborate a new Joint Cooperation Strategy during the first half of 2016 in support of the 7 FYP for 2016-


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2020. China and India have been invited to participate in the drafting committee together with South Korea, the US, and the EU. Furthermore, the civil society and the private sector are also part of the process.

The EU and European development partners are close allies and play an important advocacy role to promote the Paris Declaration and Busan Partnership for Development. Likewise, collaboration with the UN system, in particular UNDP, is important to promote sensitive and challenging human rights and development issues, e.g. in the CHT.

Bangladesh is facing a range of challenges, and naturally not all are addressed in the Country Programme - such as the need to tackle the massive overall infrastructure deficit, the rapid urbanization, a more enabling business environment, better revenue collection and continued support to the social sectors17. These are equally crucial to inclusive and sustainable economic growth and Denmark contributes to some of them through other instruments than the Country Programme. However, division of labour between development partners – based on the Government’s consent - is vital, based on experience, expertise and financing ability. For instance, urban poverty is a major priority for ADB, big infrastructure investments are better left to soft-loan facilities, and development partners such as the EU, World Bank, DfID and SIDA are already catering for the social sectors.

2.3 Summary of risk analysis

The implementation of the Country Programme faces a number of contextual, programmatic and institutional risks as addressed below. More detailed specific programmatic and institutional risks are addressed under each thematic programme.

Contextual risks: In light of the 2014 general elections, the main risks stem from political unrest and the lack of dialogue between the Government and the opposition. A serious political crisis re-emerged in early 2015, where widespread violence, blockades and strikes continued to challenge stability, human rights and economic performance. In this context of political rivalry and disruption, civil society plays a critical function in terms of promoting democracy, good governance, monitoring and defending human rights and anti-corruption measures.

Increased violent extremism is an international trend, which can also change the security situation in Bangladesh and the implementation of the Country Programme. In second half of 2015, Bangladesh witnessed a series of attacks on religious minorities as well as killing of bloggers and two foreign nationals. As a consequence, the Government has increased police presence and tightened security on strategically important areas.

In the CHT, risks arise from the post conflict context wherein the political negotiations related to implementation of the CHT Peace Accord may introduce strikes and unrest locally, above and beyond the national politics. A strategy and vision for a broader development of the CHT is not yet developed, also affecting the full implementation of CHT Peace Accord.

17 Denmark supports the general framework conditions and Corporate Social Responsibility in the Ready-Made Garments sector through other instruments.


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Table 1: Summary of contextual risks

Risk Factor Risk Response

Political unrest, lack of reform progress and violent extremism

Policy dialogue with both government and opposition on the need for dialogue and political reform - in close cooperation with likeminded development partners, in particular the EU. Monitor the situation closely and maintain flexibility in Engagements to be able to make possible changes, including discontinuing Engagements. The security situation will be closely monitored, and increased security measures will be introduced for Embassy staff and advisers, if required.

Deterioration of the human rights situation

Dialogue with the Government on human rights issues and support to human rights activities - in close cooperation with likeminded development partners. Several Engagements in the Country Programme directly address Human Rights NGOs and watchdogs. Monitor the situation closely. The election of Bangladesh to the UN Human Rights Council is a sign that Bangladesh shows international commitment to universal human rights.

Natural disasters (flooding, cyclones and tidal waves)

Several Engagements support climate resilience. The Engagements are prepared to respond to needs for flexibility in case of an extreme weather event.

Curbing Corruption Anti-corruption and integrity dialogue with Government at overall level as well as with partners. Exercise firm financial control. No budget support in the Country Programme. Zero tolerance on fund mismanagement. CSOs are monitoring corruption and have on-going dialogue with Government officials. Development partners also take part in the policy dialogue.

Programmatic risks are linked in particular to the potential lack of political commitment and action to move forward on core reforms and to strengthen key governance institutions, which have an impact on programme activities. Financial management constitutes another potential risk if resources are not spent efficiently and in accordance with the envisaged objectives, even if audits of previous Danish support have not so far identified mismanagement of funds as a major issue. Risk management measures include close monitoring, flexible design of programme activities, continued support and dialogue and prudent follow-up.

Institutional risks concern reputational risks for the development partner arising from e.g. embezzlement, corruption or security incidents. In the Country Programme, the institutional risks are linked, again to the potential lack of political commitment to address the need for progress in core areas, such as curbing corruption and ensuring rule of law. A corruption scandal could jeopardize support to the Country Programme, as could a significant worsening of the human rights situation in the country. The important national and local watchdog NGOs and the National Human Rights Commission are relatively weak. Risk management includes close monitoring and timely communication towards both the Government of Bangladesh and the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs on key developments that may potentially affect the support. The security situation, corruption, transparency, the rule of law and the human rights situation will be monitored closely, and dialogue with Government duty bearers will be maintained at all levels as well as with CSO partners.


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2.4 Theory of change

The vision of the Country Programme is to support the implementation of the 7 FYP (2016-2021), “Accelerating Growth, Empowering Citizens” in an inclusive, pro-poor and sustainable manner.

As demonstrated in section 2.1 and 2.2 above, Bangladesh is facing a series of development and political challenges that shape the conditions under which the Country Programme will unfold, and which it also aims to influence. These challenges will be addressed through three thematic programmes (TPs): i) Agricultural Growth and Employment; ii) Climate Resilience and Sustainable Energy; and iii) Governance and Rights. The TPs will provide a set of interventions through 12 Engagements. It is anticipated that they will complement each other and contribute to create changes along the following lines: Firstly make farmers more productive and food secure, getting higher income from markets and becoming better in charge of their lives. Secondly, enhance resilience and adaptive capacity of the government and communities in areas vulnerable to climate change and improve access to renewable and efficient energy solutions. Thirdly, promote rule of law, accountability and rights, especially for poor and vulnerable groups.

The programme is expected to achieve the desired change by supporting efforts of social mobilisation and empowerment as a common endeavour that cuts across all thematic programmes and Engagements. In this process individuals/groups/communities will be able to take control of their lives and circumstances. This goes for the poor, landless and marginal farmers, of which at least 50% are women, attending FFS. This goes for the poor and marginalised women that form Local Contracting Societies and work on improving connectivity in poor areas prone to the rise of the sea and vagaries of the weather. This goes for the peoples of CHT that are lagging behind the rest of the country and don’t enjoy basic security in their daily lives. This goes for the rights-holders seeking help as victims for violence against women or wanting legal aid to get access to justice. The whole of these interventions make up an important contribution to inclusive and pro-poor growth.

There are synergies between the Country Programme and the other components of Denmark’s broad based Engagement with Bangladesh that seeks to improve the enabling environment for doing business in the country.

Denmark reaches out to these groups while working with partners that have core mandates and competences best suited to address these efforts. They are a balanced mix of government institutions, institutions in the CHT, international organisations as well as national CSOs.

In terms of outcome it is anticipated that the desired change will be achieved in terms of more employment for the poor and marginalised, improved productivity and off-farm income for poor farmers, enhance resilience through adaptation to climate change, better access to renewable and efficient energy and improved access to justice and other services for poor and marginalised people.

In terms of impact it is expected that the Country Programme will contribute to poverty reduction, growth and sustainable development as well as to promotion of democracy, respect for human rights, rule of law and good governance.


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The 12 Development Engagements (DEs) address challenges of livelihood, governance and accountability at the local level by targeting the poorest and most marginalised. This includes climate vulnerability, agricultural growth and employment, access to land and natural resources so that the poor, marginalised, landless, women and ethnic minorities can benefit from and enjoy their basic rights. The DEs will work with Government to protect women and girls against violence as well as supporting human, legal, land rights and women’s rights, whereby rights-holders can both seek better justice and protection.

The Country Programme is part of a larger collective effort amongst the GoB and its development partners under the upcoming Joint Cooperation Strategy. Under this umbrella, development partners provide substantial and strategic important assistance in terms of finance and technical assistance to implement key priorities in the Government’s plans. They do so according to their capacities and competences. The Engagements are also supported by other relevant Embassy activities and programmes.

In the challenging and complex context of Bangladesh, the Country Programme interventions are based on a set of assumptions:

- Accelerated inclusive growth will over time transform the country and empower its citizens to benefit from basic services and equal rights.

- Farmers will use the new skills acquired at Field Schools productively. Farmers are willing to link up to markets.

- Weather will become more extreme and sea level will rise as suggested by forecasts. Society and state will respond by becoming more resilient and adaptive.

- Accelerated inclusive growth requires good governance and respect for human rights. - Use of country systems with government departments in terms of budgeting,

procurement of goods and services, reporting and audits as well as with national CSOs will increase ownership and capacity; and,

- The post-conflict situation in CHT requires working with tailor-made systems on the ground.


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2.5 Budget overview

Thematic Programmes DKK million

Agricultural Growth and Employment Programme 90

Climate Resilience and Sustainable Energy Programme 125

Governance and Rights Programme 120

Total Country Programme Budget 335

3. Thematic Programme: Agricultural Growth and Employment


Theory of change

The objective of the Thematic Programme (TP) on Agricultural Growth and Employment is Inclusive agricultural growth, through better skills, organisation and market access.

According to the 7th FYP, agriculture remains strategically important in terms of creation of employment, income and food security. Around 50% of the total labour force is directly or indirectly involved in agriculture even though the rapid transformation of the economy has led to a decline of agriculture in terms of its share of the overall economy18. An emerging middle class is increasingly demanding a more diverse supply of food as well as a higher quality. Women play an important role in agriculture. Therefore, agriculture in Bangladesh continues to deserve focussed attention.

A focus on agriculture is in line with the Country Programme’s objective on contributing to poverty reduction, growth and sustainable development. Food, Agriculture and Ago-business is also a priority sector in Denmark’s wider efforts to promote economic diplomacy.

The theory of change of this thematic programme suggests that agricultural growth and employment can be furthered by making small and poor farming households more productive through adult education. This will in turn provide them with higher income, better food security, higher employment and lead to poverty reduction. In the process they will be empowered, that is becoming better able to represent themselves and be in charge of their own lives. The adult education takes place in Farmer Field Schools (FFS) where groups of participants will learn to increase production across the board in terms of crops, livestock, vegetables and fisheries. Farmer Field Schools have no walls and take place in the surroundings of the farmers. Particular efforts will be made to ensure that at least 50% of the participants are women. Also, training will be tailored to meet their needs.

It is assumed that participants of the FFS use their newly acquired skills to improve income and nutrition and that establishing forward links to the markets is beneficial for poor farmers.

One of the major constraints to agriculture is a lack of essential linkages between production, processing and marketing. The poor farmers have, therefore, not always benefitted from higher production because the marginal surplus was too small to be sold at a market. It is hence necessary to strengthen forward linkages between production and marketing. This is done by training where new skills related to the market are acquired. In addition, organisation

18 The share of agriculture relative to GDP fell from 30 % in 1981 to 15 % in 2015.


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is key so farmers can come together with a view to bundle their surplus and sell them at the marketplace.

The TP aims at covering all districts across the plains and in the Chittagong Hill Tracts. The situation is quite different in the two areas. Chittagong Hill Tracts lag behind the rest of Bangladesh. The area is poorer and access to social services like education, health as well as water and sanitation is below the national level. This reflects a long lasting post-conflict situation where issues from the 1997 Peace Accord remain outstanding. The Peace Accord set up a number of particular public institutions like the Hill District Councils (HDC) that are responsible for public services in the area. Extension departments along with other line departments have formally been, transferred to the Hill District Councils, but resources continue to be managed by head offices in Dhaka. The situation means that the HDCs have limited institutional capacity to do their work and cross-cutting coordination with other relevant government institutions could be stronger.

Integration of Human Rights Based Approach

The TP, with its focus on landless, marginal, ethnic minorities and small farming households, fully integrates the PANT principles (Participation, Accountability, Non-discrimination and Transparency). The concept of FFS itself is embedding Human Rights Based Approach as it is applied to improve livelihoods, increase and diversify sustainable production, increase income and productivity and link small scale and marginal farmers to markets. Direct measures to strengthen a more inclusive, participative and experience-based learning approach by the government extension services, and the fact that trainers and facilitators are chosen by the farmers and their organisations is both transparent and participatory. Inclusion of women and marginal and ethnic minority groups in the TP’s intervention ensures non-discrimination. Barriers to exclusion, based on income, gender and ethnicity exist in rural areas and with decision makers. The programme is specifically designed to overcome these. Gender equality is ensured by a focus on women headed households and selection of women for FFS

Integration of experience and results from previous cooperation

Danida has worked with agricultural extension in Bangladesh for over two decades. In the past decade important results have been achieved by reaching out to some three million people in half a million households.

An evaluation carried out in 2011 concluded that FFS supported by Danida have been an effective way to increase productivity, income and food security by spreading knowledge and technology. Yearly incomes have increased by 38% for participating households. Gender data also showed positive impacts. It was found that the rate of female participation was high and in case of Barisal and Noakhali it reached 61 % and 72 % respectively19.

Women who participated in FFS were more self-confident than women from the control group. Cost estimates presented in the evaluation showed that FFSs are an effective and efficient investment in development.

The Evaluation strongly recommended considering the FFS approach as a key tool to reduce vulnerability and improving food security, nutrition and livelihoods among poor rural households, including among the hard-core poor and marginalized farmers.

19 Evaluation of the Farmer Field School Approach in the Agriculture Sector Programme Support Phase III. Bangladesh. Danida. November 2011.


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Based on past experience, the Engagements under the present TP will promote the concept of Integrated Farm Management through FFS.

In a wider sense, Denmark has contributed to changing the way extension is done from a narrow focus on pest management and one-to-one techniques to a broader approach that includes all activities farming household may be involved in and use larger groups of up to 50 participants with a strong focus on gender balance. Danida has also helped a transformation from a focus on production in terms of output per unit to use the market as an incentive for farmers to improve the productivity of their work.

Aid effectiveness

Use of country systems is envisaged, to the extent possible, jointly with the Department of Agricultural Extension. A different modality is used in the Chittagong Hill Tracts. The specific conditions require a robust project implementation unit run by the UNDP. Details on funding modalities of each Engagement are briefly outlined in the DE presentations below.

A number of other development partners do support the sector. The largest programme, NATP (National Agricultural Technology Project), is an effort of the World Bank, which aims to increase agricultural production of small holder farmers and improve access of farmers across selected districts (57 districts and 270 upazilas). The present phase of NATP is running out and it is expected that a new phase is approved. Another major programme is funded by ADB called SCDP (Second Crop Diversification Project) that aims to reduce poverty by improving the income of farmers in 27 districts in Northern and Southern Bangladesh. At this point in time, Danida supports a programme aimed at promoting Markets for the Poor (M4P) called Katalyst in collaboration with Dfid and SDC of Switzerland. The programme will come to an end in 2017 when the third phase has been completed. SDC’s rules does not allow for extensions after three phases. Dfid and SDC are discussing a follow up.

There have been some attempts to harmonise activities on agriculture through the Local Consultative Group and its working sub-groups, yet momentum has been lost. The Department of Agriculture has launched a national dialogue, supported financially by Danida, on how to best do the extension and this has got some traction.

With regard to the CHT, a programmatic framework for support to the area has been drafted by UNDP. It unites the UN-system and development partners behind a common vision and purpose in their work in CHT for the coming years. Also, it brings together the capacity of the UN with the full support of the Government.

The framework attempts to be inclusive of all communities as it addresses new and remaining challenges of development in CHT. Moreover, it supports sustainable development in the CHT with a strong focus on building institutions. Finally, it improves the efficiency of support by attempting to draw on the full range of capacity of relevant agencies of the UN and Development Partners. The framework is structured around three pillars: 1) Sustainable livelihoods and food security; 2) Effective and equitable coverage of basic services and practices; and 3) Improved governance and cohesion.

The Agriculture and Food Security Project III is included in the pillar 1 (Sustainable Livelihoods and Food Security) of the Programmatic Framework.


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3.2 Thematic Programme summary

The Thematic Programme has two Engagements:

DE 1: Integrated Farm Management Component II with the objective: Agricultural productivity among participants in FFS increased.

DE 2: Agriculture and Food Security Project in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (AFSP III) with the objectives:

Increased pro-poor inclusive agricultural growth and sustainable employment creation for marginal and small farm households with enhanced food security in CHT; and

Hill District Councils with enhanced capacity to manage transferred agricultural services in line with CHT Peace Accord.

Choice of Development Engagements (DE) The two programmed DEs will work with partners and modalities that have already proven effective in reducing poverty through increased agricultural production, in addition to having positive gender and empowerment effects.

DE 1 Integrated Farm Management Component II will be implemented by the Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE). The mission of DAE is to provide need based extension services to all categories of farmers and enabling them to optimize their use of resources, in order to promote sustainable agricultural and socio-economic development. The core functions of DAE include increasing agricultural productivity, human resource development and technology transfer. Denmark started collaboration with DAE in 1993. Since 1996, DAE has been promoting the concepts of Integrated Pest Management, Integrated Crop Management and Integrated Farm Management (IFM) through FFSs with Danish support.

Budget and modality: The Danish contribution is DKK 60 million (67% of total budget). It is expected that the GoB will contribute DKK 30 million (33% of total budget). It may be mentioned here that GoB is contributing 25% of the total budget in the on-going IFMC. Management is directly through DAE, following relevant GoB and Danida procedures.

DE 2 Agriculture and Food Security Project in the CHT (AFSP III) will be implemented by UNDP. Since 2003, UNDP has implemented multi-sectorial interventions encompassing support to Government departments, CHT institutions, local communities to pursue accelerated, sustainable socio-economic development and poverty reduction. UNDP has implemented the Agriculture and Food Security Project Phase I (AFSP I-2009-2013) supported by Denmark and at present, is implementing AFSP II (2013-2018) under the on-going AGEP.

As for use of technical assistance, it is expected that the upcoming review of IFMC in November 2016 may suggest levels and areas of technical assistance for this Engagement. UNDP suggests using a variety of short-term TA from within the UN system to support the AFSP III. Reviews of AFSP will determine the need for TA in this Engagement.

The implementation of DE 1 will start in 2019 and the implementation of DE 2 will start in 2018. The DEs are subject to desk appraisal by the Technical Advisory Services before entering into force.


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Budget and modality: The Danish contribution is DKK 30 million. It will be aligned to Pillar 1 on Sustainable Livelihoods and Food Security within a joined-up Programmatic Framework for Support to the Chittagong Hill Tracts led by UNDP.

Synergies

External synergies do exist at field level where programmes link up with Farmer Organisations supported by Danida as well as with extension agents trained by the latter. A recent review of a market for the poor programme by the name of Katalyst documented that this particular programme in a number of cases builds on the work carried out by Danida. The World Bank supported National Agricultural Technology Project (NATP) also works with Farmer Organisations supported by Danida.

Internal programme synergies include: Thematic synergy with the DE 6 (Sustainable Democratic Union Parishad Project) under the Governance and Rights thematic programme concerning farmers’ groups increased participation in local governance. Similarly, synergy is possible with DE 11 (Land Reform and the Rule of Law) concerning land rights and user rights of poor and marginal farmers.

There are strong synergetic links between the two CHT Engagements DE 2 and DE 4 on overall ecological sustainability and climate resilience.

Results Framework

Thematic Programme Agricultural Growth and Employment

Thematic Programme Objective

Inclusive agricultural growth, through better skills, organisation and market access

Impact Indicator Farmers strengthened at household, organisational and market levels

Engagement Title DE 1 Integrated Farm Management Component II

Outcome Indicator 1 Agricultural productivity among participants in FFS increased

Baseline 2019 2019* % increase in per capita income of participating households (based on national survey and survey of first phase – 2013 baseline, 2081 BDT) % female control over income from poultry and homestead gardening (based on end of 1st phase figures – 2013 baseline, 37.9% and 3%) % of households increased number of total farm activities (based on end of 1st phase figures – 2013 baseline, 3.8 activities per household)

Target 2021 2021 10% increase in per capita income of participating households 50% female control over income from poultry and homestead gardening 80% of household increased number of total farm activities including adoption of climate smart technologies and varieties

Outcome Indicator 2 Building market readiness of farmer households

Baseline Year 2019 % of Farmer Organisations developed capacity to link with extension service providers, market actors and finance services (based on end of 1st phase figure) % of female and male farmers comfortable speaking in public (based on end of 1st phase figure)

Target Year 2021 90% of Farmer Organisations developed capacity to link with extension service providers, market actors and finance services 80 % of female and male farmers comfortable speaking in public


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Outcome Indicator 3 Producer Groups formed and linked with the market actors

Baseline Year 2019 0

Target Year 2021 TBD

Engagement Title DE 2 Agriculture and Food Security Project in CHT (AFSP III)

Outcome Indicator 1 Agricultural production of female and male marginal and small farm households increased and diversified through IFM-FFS in the Chittagong Hill Tracts

Baseline Year 2018* The end outcome of AFSP II will be the baseline

Target Year 2021 % increase in yields and production of beneficiary Households (HH) (Vegetable, Fruits, Eggs, Chicken, Pig, Goat, Cow and Fish) % HH intake of diversified nutritious food % of beneficiary HH in target communities with increased access to decentralised extension services % of HH which adapted climate resilient technology

Outcome Indicator 2 Hill District Councils are managing transferred agricultural services in line with CHT Peace Accord

Baseline Year 2018 The end outcome of AFSP II will be the baseline.

Target Year 2021 # of rules of business developed and in place at HDC Coordination mechanism among the transferred departments related to agriculture services strengthened with functional Agricultural Planning Unit under the leadership of HDCs

*IFMC II will start in 2019 and AFSP III will start in 2018. DEs are subject to desk appraisal by the Technical Advisory Services before

entering into force.

Monitoring Framework

The monitoring and evaluation (M&E) framework for DE 1 Integrated Farm Management Engagement will be based on experiences from IFMC and is expected to consist of three sub-components: (i) impact evaluations, (ii) progress monitoring and (iii) performance monitoring. In addition to the internal monitoring system, there will be a joint monitoring by teams represented by the partners i.e. Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE), Ministry of Agriculture, Agriculture and Programming Division of the Planning Commission and the Embassy of Denmark to oversee the process of implementation with special attention to the targets and achievements.

In case of the Chittagong Hill Tracts, the M&E framework will be developed by UNDP in the inception phase, based on which process and progress-monitoring tools will be defined. The Planning, Monitoring and Reporting (PMR) unit of the Chittagong Hill Tract Development Facility (CHTDF) will be in charge of all M&E activities with support from a central unit based at Dhaka. Reports will be prepared and shared with Development Partners. The PMR unit under the supervision of the CHTDF Director will provide oversight on financial and project management matters including quality assurance functions.

The Embassy of Denmark will participate in regular scheduled monitoring meetings and may launch reviews, as needed. As the two DEs, to some extent, will be continuation of interventions in their early phases of implementation, their planned reviews will influence the final design of these two DEs. A mechanism for joint reviews of the two DEs may be established, once they have commenced implementation.


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Budget

Development Engagements DKK Million

DE 1 Integrated Farm Management Component II (IFMC) 60

DE 2 Agriculture and Food Security Project in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (AFSP III) 30

Total 90

Summary of risk analysis

This section will focus on programmatic and institutional risks as contextual risks are dealt with above in section 2.3.

Programmatic risks: There are risks related to the availability of sufficient staff in terms of numbers and qualifications. This counts in particular for the Farmer Facilitators who work directly on the ground with the farmers. They may drop out for various reasons. This can be mitigated with close supervision and quick recruitment of replacements. There is also a programmatic risk that the quality of the work on the ground in terms of conducting Farmer Field Schools may decline due to the increasing scale of the programme and the institutional support required. This can be mitigated by supervision, monitoring and consistent follow-up.

The intervention in Chittagong Hill Tracts is subject to specific risks due to the local circumstances and post-conflict situation. Programmatic risks include that participants of FFS in the CHT may be forced away from their homesteads despite the Peace Accord. Their land may be converted to orchards or other plantations for commercial purposes. During group formation of FFS, such threats can be assessed and linkages with local institutions and leaders may be maintained to ward off such risk. The UNDP will work with both government and traditional institutions of the CHT in order to mediate in such cases.

Institutional risks: There is also an institutional risk that Farmer Organisations may be captured by local elites operating in their communities. Supervision and follow-up are responses to this.

In the CHT participant farmers may be affected by illegal logging in the vicinity, leading to increased erosion from denuded slopes, affecting the quality of cultivated lands downhill. Better interaction within the community members, commercial operators, community leaders, and vulnerability assessment of such threats may reduce such risks. In addition, field staff may be worn out. This is due to the remote location of the place and the relatively hard living conditions. It might be better to always train and create more MTs/FFs to keep in reserve for necessary backstopping.

4. Thematic Programme: Climate Resilience and Sustainable Energy


Theory of change

The objective of the TP on Climate Resilience and Sustainable Energy is: Enhanced resilience and adaptive capacity in terms of climate change as well as improved access to renewable and efficient energy.

With this TP, Denmark supports the GoB’s two fold strategy against climate change. The first and most important element concerns activities that increase resilience to the impacts of climate change – which are already affecting livelihoods of much of the population and will


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continue to do so in the future. The second element concerns promoting of low-carbon development as expressed in the national target for reducing greenhouse gases prior to COP 21 [Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC)]. The INDC aims to put forth mitigation actions in order to tackle its growing emissions and to play its role in global efforts to limit temperature rise to 2 degrees or preferably 1.5 degrees above pre-industrial levels. Through the implementation of its INDC, Bangladesh sends a clear signal that it wants to play its part in the global collective action to reduce future emissions as part of a robust and ambitious international agreement.

It is well recognised that Bangladesh is one of the most vulnerable countries in the world to climate change due to its geographical location, low deltaic flood plain, and the influence of erratic monsoon rainfall. River floods, high tides and cyclone surges, annually cause major loss of life and property. In a severe climate change scenario, sea level rise would inundate 18 percent of Bangladesh’s total land area by 2050, directly impacting 11 percent of the country’s population. Salt water intrusion in low-lying agricultural plains, along with other hazards, could lead to a 40 percent decrease in food grain production and would increase forced migration to urban slums. Estimates show that just a 1- 2 degree Celsius increase in temperature could potentially lead to physical dislocation of more than 35 million people. If the world fails to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the costs to Bangladesh of climate change could amount to an annual loss of 2% of GDP by 2050 and 9.4% of GDP by 2100. Thus, climate change threatens the significant achievements made by Bangladesh over the last two decades, particularly in raising incomes and reducing poverty. The poor are particularly vulnerable to any changes in climatic conditions and associated impacts.

The country’s level of greenhouse gas emissions is extremely low at this point in time due to the relatively limited consumption of energy and with less than 0.35% of global emission and greenhouse gas emissions per capita, Bangladesh is far below countries such as India, China and Vietnam. The latter will rise with accelerated economic growth, however. It is therefore important that the country adopts green solutions to power its future development and provide access to renewable and modern forms of energy.

Mitigating climate change and adapting to its consequences requires a broad based Whole-of-Government approach that cuts across line ministries, departments, local governments, city corporations and utilities. The government cannot do it alone as it requires the efforts of the private sector and the civil society as well. This is recognised in the 7th FYP where climate change efforts including adaptation and mitigation have been mainstreamed across its sectoral architecture. A key point of alignment is The Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP) from 2008. It sets out a number of comprehensive medium and long-term actions including adaptation, mitigation, technology transfer and financing. Bangladesh is in the process of preparing a National Adaptation Plan (NAP). The NAP will use a “bottom-up” approach to systematically assess community and regional vulnerabilities and identify adaptation priorities.

The TP is in line with the Danish Strategic Framework for Natural Resources, Energy, and Climate Strategy’s focus on green growth in a participatory, inclusive and transparent process, contributing to fight poverty and sustainable development.

The theory of change of this TP follows two pathways. The first one suggests that providing people in the South prone to rising sea levels and storm surges as well as helping poor farmers in the Hills of Chittagong to cope with higher temperatures and volatile precipitation enhances their resilience and adaptive capacity. The second one suggests that working with


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the private sector with a view to improving its access to renewable and efficient energy helps the country to grow in a sustainable manner. The joint efforts of these two pathways will contribute to address the challenges of climate change.

The TP is based on a number of assumptions on how climate change may unfold in Bangladesh. Moreover, it is assumed that the need for energy will rise as the economy continues to grow and that green solutions will be part of the power supply in order to keep emissions in line with the proposed reduction in the INDCs.

The dynamics of the climate change and environmental change may be hard to separate at local level and they tend to influence each other in complex ways. There is a significant pressure on the environment in Bangladesh due to its dense population and growing economy and climate change do in some cases work as a multiplier that aggravate the situation.

The Chittagong Hill Tracts is a case in point. The remote hills are subject to increased stress from intensified agriculture, illegal logging, building of roads as well as unsustainable practices of slash and burn. These trends are made worse by rising temperatures as well as more erratic and violent precipitation. Such trends have a severe impact on the livelihoods and food security of communities. Government institutions and communities have in the current post-conflict period neglected common resource management, which is traditionally an integrated part of the CHT community life.

Integration of Human Rights Based Approach

The TP maintains a strong focus on inclusion of poor and vulnerable people, especially marginalised women and smallholders and follows the PANT principles (Participation, Accountability, Non-discrimination and Transparency). The application of labour-intensive methods targeting poor and destitute women and participatory community based climate resilience assessment and protection, all epitomise Human Rights Based Approach. Gender equality is mainstreamed into the main deliverables, notably by ensuring 90% participation of women in labour-intensive infrastructure.

The DEs have been designed so that in implementation they both enhance capacity of duty bearers to be more accountable and transparent, while reaching out to and empowering rights holders to claim rights and seek services and remedies.

Integration of experience and results from previous cooperation

Denmark’s focus on building resilience to climate change in rural areas stands on the shoulders of many years of experience with building and rehabilitating rural infrastructure in participatory ways.

Since 1994, Denmark has supported the rural roads sector in Bangladesh, firstly through a classic Rural Development Project, subsequently, through a project that focused more specifically on providing access to markets for the farmers20. The project was implemented by the Local Governance Engineering Department (LGED) that is a large utility responsible for construction of infrastructure. The Rural Road and Market Access Component supported the development of rural roads, market infrastructure and maintenance of rural roads and canals. The approach has been participatory involving rural women in Labour Contracting Societies (LCS), a loose organisational arrangement of poor women.

20 Rural Road and Market Access Component (RRMAC) 2006 – 2013.


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A Climate Change Adaptation Pilot Project (CCAPP) (July 2013-June 2014) continued to work with the participatory approach but now focused on adaptation of rural infrastructure to climate change.

An ongoing Climate Change Adaptation Project (July 2014 to June 2016) follows the same approach but now even more focussed on upgrading, constructing and maintaining of climate resilient and sustainable rural roads.

UNDP has implemented the Danish funded Agriculture and Food Security Project (AFSP) Phase I (2009-2013) and is currently implementing a successor project AFSP II that will be completed in 2018. The main lessons learnt from the first phase were that the Para (Village) Development Committees have been growing in terms of capacity and have become useful entry points and partners. Para Development Committees mobilise the communities, select the participants of Farmer Field School (FFS) from among the community members, recruit Farmer Facilitators, supervise FFS implementation and implement agricultural development projects with the grants provided to them. The selected Para Development Committees will be used in DE 4 for awareness raising, Community Climate Vulnerability Assessment (CCVA) and preparation and implementation of Local Resilience Plan (LRP).

Aid effectiveness

Alignment with country systems is envisaged to the extent possible in Climate Resilient Rural Infrastructure Project (CRRIP). The CHT Climate Change Resilience Project will be aligned to the Programmatic Framework prepared by the UNDP and the government. The funding modalities of each Engagement are briefly outlined in the DE presented below.

A vast amount of programmes and projects in support of climate change and sustainable environment are carried out in Bangladesh. Development partners seek to coordinate efforts through a working group on Climate Change chaired by USAID. The chair has taken steps to update the inventory of activities by development partners. Also, a dialogue with the Ministry of Environment has commenced. Development partners have called on the Ministry to pursue a broad based and cross cutting approach to combat climate change by involving relevant line ministries, government agencies and utilities responsible for delivering public services like water and energy as well as local governments and city corporations that are responsible for managing these issues on day-by-day basis.

Beyond the sphere of public interventions a large number of NGOs are working with community-based efforts. These activities are numerous and diverse. The private sector is increasingly interested in the agenda and getting involved as well.

The CHT Climate Change Resilience Project is included in pillar 1 (Sustainable Livelihoods and Food Security) of the UNDP drafted Programmatic Framework for the CHT.


Choice of Development Engagements

The TP will be implemented through two programmed and one unallocated DE. The DE partners were chosen bearing in mind their experience, capacity and potential future role in delivering development benefits. The particular modality for each was chosen in line with their institutional status and Denmark’s previous working relationship with them as follows:


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DE 3 Climate Resilient Rural Infrastructure Project (CRRIP) will be implemented through the Local Government Engineering Department (LGED). The mandate of LGED is to plan, develop and maintain local level infrastructure. LGED is active all over the country and has access to funds from many development partners. Denmark has been in partnership with LGED since 1994 through the Transport Sector Programme Support (1994-2006) followed by the Agriculture Sector Programme Support (2006-2013). It has implemented Climate Change Adaptation Pilot Project (2013-14) and at present implementing Climate Change Adaptation Project (2014-16). These projects are funded through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs’ Climate Envelope and use labour intensive methods for construction and maintenance of climate resilient rural roads. The same labour intensive method will be followed in the proposed DE. In addition to funds, Denmark will supply a full-time Technical Advisor and specialist technical assistance to build LGED’s capacity. Thus, this partnership has the opportunity to mainstream climate change adaptation issues in the overall activities of LGED.

Budget and modality: The Danish contribution is DKK 85 million, being currently one-third million. Management is directly through LGED via a Project Support Unit (PSU), and will follow established GoB and relevant Danida procedures.

DE 4 Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) Climate Change Resilience Project will be implemented through the UNDP led CHTDF, which successfully implemented AFSP and which will soon initiate a new programing phase in CHT, of which DE 2 is also a part. UNDP has worked in the CHT region since 2003 and has a good reputation in the region. The project will benefit from the full capacity of this Facility/UNDP related to CHT and synergies in implementation achieved through e.g. one Planning, Monitoring, Reporting (PMR) unit and operations platform supporting implementation of all projects. Additionally, management and logistics costs can be shared allowing for efficient and effective delivery.

Budget and modality: The Danish contribution amounts to DKK 20 million. It will be implemented by the UNDP as part of its Programmatic Framework for Support to the Chittagong Hill Tracts (2015-2022) and aligned to Pillar 1 on Sustainable Livelihoods and Food Security.

DE 5 Sustainable Energy – unallocated. DE 5 focuses broadly on mitigation actions in line with Bangladesh’s national mitigation commitment (INDC), which was announced prior to COP21, and it is the second element in the support to Bangladesh’s strategy against climate change. The embassy is currently implementing two pilot-schemes on energy efficiency and waste-to-energy respectively that are funded by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Climate Fund. Programming of this future Engagement will take these pilots as a point of departure and they may be phased into the country programme provided they have performed satisfactorily. Other projects may also be considered depending on the outcome of the formulation process.

Synergies

External synergies exist in relation to the wide array of interventions on climate change in general. In particular the Embassy is in dialogue with KfW on establishing a knowledge hub in LGED.

Overall, potential for synergy exist where projects operate in adjacent communities, such as: DE 1 Integrated Farm Management Component (IFMC II), DE 2 Agriculture Food and Security Project (AFSP III), DE 3 Climate Resilient Rural Infrastructure Project (CRRIP), DE 4 CHT Climate Change Resilience Project and DE 6 Sustainable Democratic Union Parishad


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Project. Thematic synergy is thus expected with DE 6 SDUP as regards to climate change adaption and aim to ensure that women become more involved in decision-making. Similarly, DE 2 AFSP III shares entry points into the target communities and reinforces messages on sustainability and the need for climate change adaptation.

Results Framework

Thematic Programme Climate Resilience and Sustainable Energy


Enhanced resilience and adaptive capacity in terms of climate change as well as improved access to renewable and efficient energy

Impact Indicator Climate vulnerability reduced by improved climate resilient rural infrastructure and resilience of livelihoods is more inclusive, benefitting especially the poor and destitute women.

Engagement Title DE 3 Climate Resilient Rural Infrastructure Project (CRRIP)

Outcome Indicator 1 Percentage of the population in the project catchment areas has easy access to the cyclone shelters, schools, markets, hospitals etc. during cyclones, tidal surges and floods.

Baseline Year 2016 50%

Target Year 2021 80%

Engagement Title DE 4 CHT Climate Change Resilience Project

Outcome Indicator 1 Percentage of households in targeted communities able to reduce loss of productive days and loss of stock and crops due to climate and environment induced hazards.


Target Year 2021 50% Note: Baseline data to be confirmed by study at the beginning of the intervention


Each DE will be monitored through the partner’s monitoring framework. In each case, this will include continuous documentation of the results and lessons learned and sharing of this information with the concerned stakeholders through periodic progress reporting as well as at least an annual report, a mid-term review and an end-of-project evaluation.

Budget

Development Engagements DKK million

DE 3 Climate Resilient Rural Infrastructure Project 85

DE 4 CHT Climate Change Resilience Project 20

Unallocated (Sustainable Energy) 20

Total 125


This section will focus on programmatic and institutional risks as contextual risks are dealt with above in section 2.3.

Programmatic Risks: Anticipated achievements related to CRRIP may be jeopardised if funds from the GOB are not released timely. There are also risks associated with the knowledge hub, CReLIC, as this is complex exercise. It is important that LGED stays committed over time and development partners must coordinate their efforts very closely and pose neither overlapping nor contradicting requirements on their funding.


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Institutional risks: LGED enjoys a good reputation for its professionalism and documented achievements on the ground. LGED is also a very large organisation with an annual budget of 1 billion USD. Issues about accountability are raised from time to time. Two independent safeguards have been designed to prevent misuse of funds. Firstly, a full-time Danida adviser will be fielded with the project management team. The incumbent will share responsibility for approving work plans and be a co-signatory to withdrawals from the account. Secondly, payments to suppliers will be closely supervised.

Partnerships with both government and traditional institutions of CHT are unique arrangements that give rise to risks inherent in developing new administrative arrangements, undertaking policy dialogue and managing expectations. Traditional institutions in the CHT may be reluctant to engage in advocacy or common resource management.

Mitigation measures have been introduced to manage relations with local people and institutions including hiring staff locally, alignment with local structures as well as national ones (where these differ); and, using local focal points to manage contacts with communities. UNDP has also developed emergency procedures and mitigation measures to deal with political unrest. In addition, the DE 4 CHT Climate Change Resilience Project is specifically based on local resilience plans, on capacitating communities and traditional leaders to help identify advocacy inputs and common resource management.

5. Thematic Programme: Governance and Rights


Theory of change

The objective of the TP on Governance and Rights is: Promotion of rule of law, accountability and rights for poor and vulnerable groups.

Governance and rights are part of a common universal dialogue that takes place in the country as well as in a number of regional and international fora.

The 7th FYP links economic development with governance and rights already in its title “Accelerated Growth and Empowerment of Citizens”. The Plan says: “Economic empowerment is all about freedom, dignity and opportunity. These are some of the basic conditions for inclusive development”21. It further stresses that “justice and fairness remain the cardinal principles governing the distribution of the fruits of growth”22. There is a gap, however, between plans and strategies on one hand and realities on the ground on the other. It is acknowledged “that governance deficits are observed across all walks of public life” and that addressing these challenges requires a strong focus on institutions23.

This thematic programme is thus, aligned to the core endeavour of the FYP and it seeks to address the considerable challenges in this important space. It also goes to the core of Denmark’s development assistance as formulated in “The Right to a Better Life” and is directly linked to the Country Policy Objective on of contributing to promotion of democracy, rule of law, human rights and good governance.

21 FYP p. 49 22 ibid 23 FYP p 171


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The theory of change suggests that duty bearers, right-based NGOs, international monitoring organisations and watchdogs will promote rule of law, accountability and rights in particular for poor and vulnerable groups what in turn will lead to better access to justice, more accountability and rights upheld.

It is assumed that accelerated inclusive growth requires good governance and respect for human rights.

The TP is structured around four types of main actors that are key to carrying out governance and rights interventions: duty bearers, right-based NGOs, international organisations and watchdogs.

Two of the interventions support duty bearers in strategic areas. The first one is the flagship Engagement being the Government programme on combatting violence against women. The second one is about bringing services closer to the people in Southern areas that are most prone to climate change and among the poorest in the country. The latter is done in a partnership between the Local Government Division and the UNDP.

Three of the interventions support right-based NGOs with a focus on access to justice. Access to justice is critical for the rule of law and protecting the rights of citizens. The judiciary, however, is at this point in time not capable of providing this. Recent estimates – as of December 2014 –suggests that total back log of cases have crossed approximately 3 million. This is a matter of concern and it has affected the speed with which both civil and criminal litigations are managed. It is widely acknowledged that justice delayed is justice denied. This TP therefore supports three strategic and robust partners that have a proven track record in working with different kind of legal aid services, awareness rising and advocacy as their core activity.

As a new intervention, Denmark will support the ILO as an international organisation in its efforts to promote better industrial relations through social dialogue.

One Engagement is done by the watchdog CSO – Transparency International Bangladesh that works for a more accountable and responsive public service.

Integration of experiences and results from previous cooperation

The Embassy has gone through a focused exercise in designing this TP. The approach has changed over the years with past programmes having as many as 40 – 50 partners, whilst the present programme has just seven Engagements.

Past experience shows that the efforts to support right-based efforts have performed better than interventions in public governance, where results have been disappointing. Impressive results have been achieved in partnership with a duty-bearer on the multi-sectoral programme on violence against women - especially the One Stop Crisis Centres – has successfully applied a multi-agency approach with a high degree of ownership. The programme is increasingly becoming a regional reference for best practice in terms of integrated support to women who have been victims of violence.

Experiences with right-based NGOs have also been good. Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust (BLAST) has built strong networks among CSOs/NGOs working with legal services, women’s rights and marginalized communities. ASK's long-term Engagement and experience to date suggest that creating access to justice for the poor and disadvantaged people is limited nationally. In CHT, ALRD has helped building the capacity of the Regional Council and other institutions in all its interventions. The support played a pivotal role in the reforms of


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many key legislative and policy reforms for the defence and promotion of the rights of the marginalised and in particular the ethnic minorities. ALRD has worked closely with other civil society organisations (such as ASK, BLAST, BELA, TIB etc.) which has forged a strong collaborative partnership as one strong voice for advocacy. TIB’s fact-based advocacy has contributed to enhancing knowledge about the importance of accountability and anti-corruption measures. Additionally, sustained (both quiet and public) advocacy to secure required political support at local and national levels have been useful.

Support to PFM reforms has been difficult, however. There are many reasons why this intervention did not work out, as planned. First and foremost it was due to a lack of joint understanding among key stakeholders on the importance of different aspects of PFM process. PFM reform is crucial to public sector accountability and efficient service delivery and will be continued by other development partners better placed to do so.

Given the lessons learned, the vast scope of this agenda and available resources and the TP will focus sharply and support strategic and robust right based NGOs, duty bearers, international organisations and watchdogs. This should not mean that the Embassy does not find public financial management important. The case can be made, however, that such a complex endeavour is better dealt with by larger development partners like Dfid, the World Bank and others that continue to pursue this dialogue with government. It could also be argued that this particular effort is perhaps less relevant to the present Country Programme as it does not contribute to sectors like health and education where various sector-budget modalities are used. The Embassy continues to be part of the collective dialogue on public financial management through the work of the Local Consultative Group.


Choice of Development Engagements

The process has been informed by assessments of the partners on matters like strategic relevance, robustness, history, the ability to deliver results and financial performance. The seven selected partners do all meet such criteria.

The partners typically operate at local level but with strong linkages to policy makers, high-ranking officials and key central level bodies. The work at local level creates broad-based awareness, participation and demand for services and is complemented by focused upstream work. This is done by problem oriented interventions, such as building up of court cases that are aimed at testing new legal ground and improving rights of women and marginalised populations, are part of the work agenda of the governance partners.

Technical Assistance (TA) to Engagement partners is not programmed under this TP. Limited and specific national and international TA is contained in some of the larger NGO DEs. The UN DEs will have specific short-term international and full time national TA. The GoB implemented DE 9 (Ministry of Women and Children’s Affairs, MoWCA) has limited national TA, and relies almost entirely on GoB’s own staff.

Aid effectiveness

As mentioned above the TP is well aligned with the government’s policies and strategic planning framework. In terms of aid effectiveness, alignment with national systems is envisaged fully on SDUP (DE 6) through UNDP and MSPVAW (DE 9) through MoWCA. The four DEs with NGO partners aim at aligning fully to the NGOs’ own procedures and


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systems, respecting Danida requirements. The (DE 7) ILO is aligned with the internal procedures and regulations of ILO, also following Danida guidelines. The funding modalities are direct government funding, delegated cooperation for UN and joint financing mechanisms in case of the NGO support. In (DE 9) on MSPVAW, Denmark is the only development partner so far but there is strong likelihood that Sweden may also join, while in all other cases multi-donor baskets and core programme support are envisaged. The funding modalities of each Engagement are briefly outlined in the DE presentations below.

There is an almost overwhelming array of initiatives, interventions and projects on governance and rights in Bangladesh and a full mapping does not exist. Development partners share their experience within the Local Consultative Group. The sub-group on public financial management works well and is trying to re-design its collaboration with Government. The EU is a useful forum for dialogue on human rights and plays a lead role in this field. Recently, the EU has prepared a road map for joint efforts on CSOs as it acknowledges that they play a critical role in the country’s development. This work could be helpful for creating linkages to other development partners and make support to partner more effective and efficient.

Short summary of Development Engagements

Duty Bearers

DE 9 Multi-sectoral Programme on Violence against Women (MSPVAW) implemented by Ministry of Women and Children Affairs aims to enhance and expand integrated services related to Violence against Women (VAW), increase one-stop crisis centres, and facilitate implementation of the National Action Plan on VAW. The GoB and Denmark are co-financing. The GoB through its 7FYP has reiterated the importance of gender equality through improving women’s human capabilities that includes an enabling environment free from violence among others. This Engagement will further amalgamate the integration of the programme into the government system through a realistic exit plan. An effective implementation of the National Plan of Action on Violence against Women including an institutionalization of the National Centre on Gender based Violence is a key element in this plan.

Budget and modality: The Danish contribution is DKK 24 million, with a substantial 80.2 million DKK direct GoB contribution towards a total budget of 104.2 million. Management is directly through MoWCA via a Project Implementation Unit, and will follow established GoB and relevant Danida procedures.

DE 6 Sustainable Democratic Union Parishad Project (SDUP) is a joint effort by the Local Government Division (LGD) of the Ministry of Local Government and UNDP. It aims at strengthening Union Parishads (UP) as pro-poor, effective and accountable service providers. The target is 150 Union Parishads.

Budget and modality: The Danish contribution is DKK 20 million, with UNDP and other donors contributing (estimated) 27.1 million, to a total of DKK 47.1 million. Management is directly through UNDP. The DE is nationally executed and the parties will strive for full alignment to relevant GoB and UNDP procedures. UNDP is soliciting contributions from other donors, in which case a joint funding mechanism may be established.

Right Based NGOs

DE 10 Opening Pathways to Justice for the Poor (OPJP) will be implemented by the Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust (BLAST). The aim is to provide increased access to


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justice for socially excluded and marginalised women, men and children in particular workers, persons with disabilities and ethnic minorities. The formal justice system is still largely inaccessible to an overwhelming majority of the poor and disadvantaged in Bangladesh. Thus it is crucial to continue to work on creating awareness on legal and human rights. This is recognised as being an important part of becoming a middle-income country in the 7th FYP. Denmark wants to support the GOB with these efforts by making access to justice more equitable, fair and responsive. Provision of legal aid is key. BLAST is widely accepted and recognised as a legitimate NGO amongst stakeholders including citizens, civil society and Government. This Engagement will contribute towards reducing poverty, inequality and discrimination. This is an on-going programme, receiving financial support from Christian Aid, Diakonia and Denmark.

Budget and modality: The Danish contribution is DKK 14 million towards the DE with a total budget of DKK 94.3 million. OXFAM/NOVIB, Diakonia and two other international NGOs are currently supporting BLAST. Management is directly through BLAST, with full alignment to internal BLAST and Danida procedures. Currently, BLAST is actively soliciting support for OPJP from a number of sources.

DE 11 Empowering the poor, marginalised and ethnic minorities in Bangladesh for enabling access to land and other natural resources will be implemented by the Association for Land Reform and Development (ALRD). The aim is to contribute to enhanced advocacy and mobilization capacity of the poor and marginalized communities on land, other natural resources and relevant climate change response. The Engagement is justified on the grounds that ALRD addresses some difficult issues in terms of rights to land and other natural resources in the CHT. This is attested by the past achievements of ALRD in the areas of both social mobilization and policy advocacy that needs to be renewed. Current activities are co-financed by Denmark and Bread for the World (BfTW).

Budget and modality: The Danish contribution is DKK 10 million, with contributions from Bread for the World 15.34 million and ALRD 0.66 million, towards a total budget of DKK 26.0 million, under a joint financing mechanism. Management is directly through ALRD. The DE will be aligned to ALRD and Danida procedures.

DE 12 Strengthening Democracy by Promoting Human Rights Culture in Bangladesh will be implemented by Ain o Salish Kendra (ASK). The aim is to promote a non-discriminatory, democratic society based on dignity, fundamental freedom and rights to all citizens. Main interventions are training of HR actors, legal aid provision, shelter and psychosocial support to women and making Government more responsive to human rights issues. GoB has recognised that access to justice is critical for administering the rule of law and protecting the rights of citizens. The analysis of the current situation being faced by the poor and marginalised citizens in Bangladesh especially women and children indicates that a holistic, rights-based approach to development is required. The Engagement is justified on the grounds that ASK is an established NGO in Bangladesh with a solid track record and prominent national coverage. The organisation is well known to the top-tiers of policy-making and has outreach at the community level through its local partner organisations. The current support is from NORAD, SDC, SIDA, NETZ and Denmark. ASK has developed a framework proposal for multi-donor funding for 2016-21.

Budget and modality: The Danish contribution is DKK 10 million, being currently the only confirmed pledge towards the DE with a total budget of DKK 95,5 million. Management is


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directly through ASK, with full alignment to internal ASK and Danida procedures. Currently, ASK is actively soliciting support for their programme from a number of sources.

An International Organisation

DE 7 Promoting Social Dialogue and Harmonious Industrial Relations in Bangladesh Garment Industry through the International Labour Organisation (ILO), aims at establishing pilot dispute resolution mechanisms, installing and systematising successful workplace cooperation and build capacity amongst workers and employers to make effective use of labour dispute settlement. The DE builds on ILO’s ongoing project to improve fundamental practices/rights at work in the RMG-sector. It is funded by the US, Norway and Denmark.

Budget and modality: Denmark and Sweden are joint contributors to the project. Denmark has allocated 13 million.

A Watchdog

DE 8 Building Integrity Blocks for Effective Change (BIBEC) implemented by Transparency International Bangladesh (TIB) - is a large, on-going national TIB programme. It advocates for reforms of policies and laws monitors public and private governance and generates public knowledge for the need for good governance. The project runs from 2014 to 2019 and receives funding from Dfid, SDC, SIDA and Denmark. The FYP recognises the need for Bangladesh to use its resources more effectively and efficiently if its goal of becoming a middle income country is to be realised. Dfid (113 million), SDC (36.5 million), SIDA (24.2 million) and Denmark. The DE will be aligned to TIB and Danida procedures.

Budget and modality: The Danish contribution for BIBEC I and II is DKK 19 million, with a total budget for BIBEC I 157 million DKK under a joint financing mechanism with DfID (113 million), SDC (36.5 million), SIDA (24.2 million) and Denmark. The DE will be aligned to TIB and Danida procedures.

Synergies

There are potential horizontal linkages between the rights based NGOs on issues like decision shaping and advocacy. DE 6 SDUP carries potential synergies between both DE 1 (IFMC II) and DE 2 (AFSP III in CHT) at UP level, in terms of farmers demanding improved local governance. DE 11 on Land Reform and the Rule of Law could create important demand and facilitate both access to justice and addressing needs and rights of poor and landless people at UP level.

The downstream work of the NGOs (ASK, BLAST, ALRD and TIB) should continue to be linked to upstream activities in areas such as applied research and advocacy. These organisations will continue to work with the National Human Rights Commission. Furthermore, these organisations will continue working with the Ministry of Women and Children Affairs, the Ministry of Local Government and Ministry of Law in promoting the rights and conditions for vulnerable groups24.

External synergies will pursued through the work within the architecture of the Local Consultative Group as well as with the EU and Member States in taking the road map for CSOs forward.

24 Challenges exist to realising such synergies: See recent synergy analysis for Denmark: Analytical Work on Links and Synergies between Central and Local Governance Interventions in the Country Programme for Bangladesh, 2016-2021, Final Report June 2014. Annex 3 provides a GIS map of Geographical Coverage of Denmark supported interventions


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Results Framework

The results framework of the Governance and Rights TP is long due to the number of Engagements and hence it is provided in a separate annex 7.


Monitoring of progress and results will be based on the respective monitoring and evaluation frameworks of partner organisations. UNDP in cooperation with LGD operates a national performance monitoring system for the UPGP programme which will roll out to SDUP. An annual performance report is produced and this will be continued in Engagement DE 6.

Likewise, monitoring of the DEs is done via the monitoring systems of the partners, based on the results framework. In each case, this will include continuous documentation of results and lessons learned and sharing of this information with the concerned stakeholders through periodic progress reporting as well as at least an annual report, a mid-term review and an end-of-project evaluation.

Taking into account the complexity of the Governance and Rights thematic programme and to achieve the potential synergies in the programme, efforts will be made to contract an external service to assess the possibilities of results monitoring. This may facilitate the process of reciprocal learning and cooperation between the partners25. The Embassy will attempt to commission an external consultant who will investigate how this can be done in practice. Lessons will be drawn from efforts by the World Bank, the Manusher Jonno Foundation, the EU and others. Options will be presented to the Embassy for further discussion with TAS prior to entering into a contract.

A mid-term review in 2019 will assess progress and development regarding the risks identified at programme start. Also, under each DE, Denmark has the option to carry out Result-Based Monitoring or external reviews and evaluations at any time, using its own independent consultants.

Budget

25 Reference is made to the HRGG III RAM, recommendation 7 on Human Rights NGOs. The Embassy will recruit a consultant who will investigate how this can be done in practice.

Development Engagements DKK million

DE 6 Sustainable Democratic Union Parishad Project (SDUP)-UNDP/UNCDF/LGD 20

DE 7 Promoting Social Dialogue and Harmonious Industrial Relations in Bangladesh Garment Industry -ILO

13

DE 8 Building Integrity Blocks for Effective Change (BIBEC I&II) - TIB 19

DE 9 Multi-sectorial Programme on Violence against Women-Ministry of Women and Children Affairs

24

DE 10 Opening Pathways to Justice for the Poor (OPJP) – BLAST 14

DE 11 Empowering the Poor, Marginalised and Ethnic minorities, Communities to Access to Land and other Natural Resources –ALRD

10

DE 12 Strengthening Democracy by Promoting Human Rights Culture in Bangladesh –ASK

10

Unallocated 10

Total 120


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This section will focus on programmatic and institutional risks as contextual ones are dealt with above in section 2.3.

TIB’s Anti-Corruption and transparency programme carries specific programmatic risks related to potential lack of political commitment and action to move forward on curbing corruption, ensuring rule of law and also a potential non-acceptance by the officials and political leaders in response to advocacy and reports by TIB. Human Rights interventions through NGO partners such as BLAST, ASK and ALRD carry risks related to the landscape of political and civic rights and the space for CSOs.

Close monitoring, frequent interaction and policy dialogue with Government, non-confrontational advocacy and the professional respect and reputation gained by these NGOs constitute some of the main safeguards against such risks.

Risks are also associated with acceptance of arbitration mechanisms by constituents and rights of representation by other social partners in DE 7 ILO Social Dialogue, given the high conflict potential in the labour market. ILO’s neutral status and experience is seen as a mitigating factor.

Institutional Risks: A number of the DEs rely on being able to interact with local governments, including UPs at local level as well as with a number of sector agencies and ministries. The same applies to the Government implemented DE 9 with MoWCA. UP elections are scheduled for 2016, and delays may negatively affect the UPs and hinder implementation of several DEs, including DE 6. Mitigation measures are similar to programmatic risks, with some variations between partners.

Fiduciary risks are also present when transferring funds to LGI levels or UPs, or directly with central GoB (in case of MoWCA). Past experience from working with UNDP and UNDCF on UPGP suggests that these risks can be managed successfully; exercising due diligence, good support systems and firm financial control with government led Engagements have proven to be efficient risk mitigation measures.

6. Management set-up at Country Programme level

The Country Programme will be managed in accordance with the Government Agreement signed by the Senior Secretary, Economic Relations Division (ERD) of the Ministry of Finance of Bangladesh and the Ambassador of Denmark.

For each Development Engagement, there will be context-specific management arrangement adequate to ensure sufficient on-going dialogue between the Engagement partner and the Embassy. For Engagements where the partner is a government institution, the management arrangement is a statutory steering committee with broad participation from the Engagement partner, its line ministry, the National Planning Commission, ERD, the Embassy and other stakeholders.

Management arrangements will be aligned as far as possible with the partners’ own arrangements, and the monitoring and evaluation will be based upon the partners’ own monitoring and evaluation frameworks and indicator sets.

The Country Programme will be overseen and coordinated by the Embassy Programme Committee chaired by the Ambassador and including the Deputy, the Head of Cooperation,


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all programme staff, the Chief Financial Officer and finance staff as well as the Trade Counsellor and the Programme Officer on Synergies.

The Programme Committee will meet quarterly to review programme delivery and focus its attention on specific implementation problems that merit joint action or follow-up. The Embassy Programme Committee will also discuss opportunities arising for example for additional synergies.

On the day-to-day basis the individual Engagements will be managed by the Programme Officers working closely with Engagement partner staff keeping the deputy and the Head of Cooperation well informed. Effective working relationships between programme staff and partner staff will be critical to the success of the Country Programme. Effective relationships should be grounded on a common commitment and a joint understanding of the task to be achieved based on trust and mutual confidence.


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7. Country Programme budget

Thematic Programmes and their Engagements DKK

Million

DE # Name Engagement Partner Total

Agricultural Growth and Employment Programme

1 Integrated Farm Management Component

Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE)

60

2 Agriculture and Food Security Project in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (AFSP III)

Ministry of Chittagong Hill Tracts Affairs through UNDP

30

Subtotal 90

Climate Resilience and Sustainable Energy Programme

3 Climate Resilient Rural Infrastructure Project (CRRIP)

Local Government Engineering Department (LGED)

85

4 CHT Climate Resilience Project Ministry of Chittagong Hill Tracts Affairs (MoCHTA) through UNDP

20

5 Unallocated Sustainable Energy 20

Subtotal 125

Governance and Rights Programme

6 Sustainable Democratic Union Parishad Project (SDUP)

Ministry of Local Government through UNDP/UNCDF

20

7 Promoting Social Dialogue and Harmonious Industrial Relations in Bangladesh Garment Industry

Ministry of Labour through ILO

13

8 Building Integrity Blocks For Effective Change (BIBEC)

Transparency International Bangladesh (TIB)

19

9 Multi-Sectoral Programme on Violence against Women (MSPVAW)

Ministry of Women and Children Affairs (MoWCA)

24

10 Opening Pathways to Justice for The Poor

Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust (BLAST)

14

11

Empowering the Poor, Marginalized and Ethnic minorities in Bangladesh for Enabling Access to Land and other Natural Resources

Association for Land Reform and Development (ALRD)

10

12 Strengthening Democracy by Promoting Human Rights Culture in Bangladesh

Ain O Salish Kendra (ASK) 10

Unallocated 10

Subtotal

120

Total Country Programme Budget

335


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Annex 1: Country policy paper

(Document submitted as attachment to the email)


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Annex 2: Partners – brief description

Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE)

DAE is the largest public sector extension service provider in Bangladesh. DAE’s mission is to provide need based extension services to all categories of farmers and enabling them to optimize their use of resources, in order to promote sustainable agricultural and socio-economic development. The core functions of DAE include increasing agricultural productivity, human resource development and technology transfer.

DAE has 7 wings: Field Services Wing, Food Crops Wing, Cash Crops Wing, Plant Protection Wing, Planning and Evaluation Wing, Training Wing and Administration and Personnel Wing.

The whole country is divided into 10 DAE regions, with each region having its own office. DAE has offices in all 64 districts and in all 485 (sub-district) Upazilas, as well as frontline extension staff in more than 12,000 blocks of the country. DAE also has 72 horticultural centres/nurseries and 15 Agricultural Training Institutes. DAE is responsible for the implementation of agricultural policies like National Agricultural Policy and National Agricultural Extension Policy.

Denmark has been supporting DAE with different projects since 1993.

Local Government Engineering Department (LGED)

LGED is under the Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Co-Operatives. The primary mandate of LGED is to plan, develop and maintain local level rural, urban and small scale water resources infrastructure throughout the country. LGED works in a wide range of diversified programs like construction of rural roads, bridges/culverts and rural growth centres.

The organisational background of LGED can be traced back to early sixties when implementation of works program (WP) comprising Rural Works Program (RWP), Thana Irrigation program (TIP) and Thana Technical Development Committee (TTDC) was started. A ‘‘Cell’’ was established in the Local Government Division (LGD) under the Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Cooperative (MLGRD&C) in 1970s. To administer works programme nationwide, the Works Program Wing (WPW) was created in 1982 under the development budget. It was reformed into the Local Government Engineering Bureau (LGEB) under the revenue budget of the Government in October, 1984. LGEB was upgraded to Local Government Engineering Department (LGED) in August, 1992. LGED is a highly decentralized organisation where ninety nine percent of total manpower works at District and Upazila (Sub-District) level.

Denmark has worked with LGED since 1994, initially through the minor road component under the Transport Sector Programme and since 2006 through the Rural Road and Market Access Component under the Agriculture Sector Programme.

UNDP

UNDP has been in Bangladesh since 1973, working to build capacity to meet development challenges. UNDP works with partners and the government, focusing on areas such as


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democratic governance, the environment, poverty alleviation, human development, disaster management and crisis prevention.

With regard to the CHT, a programmatic framework for support to the area has been drafted by UNDP. It unites the UN-system and development partners behind a common vision and purpose in their work in CHT for the coming years. Also, it brings together the capacity of the UN with the full support of the Government.

The framework attempts to be inclusive of all communities as it addresses challenges of development in CHT. Moreover, it supports sustainable development in the CHT with a strong focus on building institutions. Finally, it improves the efficiency of support by attempting to draw on the full range of capacity of relevant agencies of the UN and Development Partners. The framework is structured around three pillars: 1) Sustainable livelihoods and food security; 2) Effective and equitable coverage of basic services and practices; and 3) Improved governance and cohesion.

DE 2 and DE 4 will be implemented by UNDP as part of Pilar 1 of the Programmatic Framework.

Local Government Division (LGD)/UNDP on SDUP

Local Government Division (LGD) of the Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Co-operatives (MoLGRD&C) will be the principal government partner in DE 6.

LGD has a vast range of responsibilities, including water supply, village police, growth centres, rural infrastructure, water resources and financial administration of local government institutions. It is also the designated authority supervising the Village Courts (at UP level) under the Village Court Act of 2009.

At decentralized level, the LGD is represented by the Director of Local Government (DLG) at divisional level and by the Deputy Director of Local Government (DDLG) at district level who are responsible for supervising and monitoring the activities of local authorities, including the Union Parishads. The Monitoring, Implementation and Evaluation (MIE) Wing of LGD is responsible to monitor and evaluate the performance of all projects under the LGD.

LGD has been pivotal in the implementation of the Union Parishad Governance Programme (UPGP) and Upazila Governance Programme (UZGP).

ILO

ILO is the tripartite UN agency that brings together governments, employers and workers in common action to promote decent work. Bangladesh has been an active member state of the ILO since 22 June 1972 and ILO opened its office in Dhaka in 1973. .

ILO is - together with the Government of Bangladesh, Bangladesh Employers’ Federation (BEF), and the National Coordination Committee for Workers’ Education (NCCWE) – working on promoting decent and productive employment opportunities for women and men in Bangladesh. Activities include i.a. promoting the fundamental right to freedom of association and collective bargaining.


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ILO is a key actor in the on-going national and international response to the Rana Plaza factory collapse that killed more than 1100 garment workers in April 2013, e.g. as a party to international initiatives such as the EU Sustainability Compact and through their own programmes like Better Work Bangladesh.

The national ILO office will – under support from its headquarters in Geneva and its regional Delhi office – assume responsibility for implementation of the planned DE 7.

Transparency International Bangladesh (TIB)

TIB is an independent, non-government, non-partisan and non-profit organisation with a vision of Bangladesh in which government, politics, business, civil society and the daily lives of the people shall be free from corruption. TIB – as the fully accredited national chapter in Bangladesh of the Berlin-based Transparency International (TI) - partners and cooperates with TI and its chapters worldwide. TIB has since 1996 been engaged in anti-corruption research and advocacy, mainly through projects with international development partners.

TIB's mission is to catalyze and strengthen a participatory social movement to promote and develop institutions, laws and practices for combating corruption in Bangladesh and establishing an efficient and transparent system of governance, politics and business. TIB undertakes research, dissemination of information and knowledge, campaign and advocacy to create greater awareness among the general public regarding the nature, extent and implications of corruption in Bangladesh and to bring in legal, policy and institutional changes for effectively fighting corruption. Denmark has a long standing partnership in working with TIB since 1996.

Ministry of Women and Children Affairs (MoWCA)

MoWCA is engaged in the formulation and implementation of policies and programmes related to the welfare and development of women and children. MoWCA is responsible for co-ordination and monitoring of the development activities related to mainstreaming gender equality initiatives of different Ministries. Overall, MoWCA works for the establishment and preservation of legal and social rights of women and children.

The Ministry of Women and Children Affairs has a long cooperation history with Denmark. The MoWCA is overall responsible for gender policies, including the National Action Plan to Prevent Violence Against Women and Children 2013-2025 (NAPVAWC) and the Domestic Violence Act 2010. With Danish support since 2000, MoWCA has established integrated multi-agency collaboration through focal points in all key ministries. The MoWCA runs a number of one-stop-crisis centres providing emergency services and redress for VAW survivors, as well as a national trauma centre and a DNA laboratory. A key feature is the NAPVAWC, being GoB’s flagship programme, and reflected in policies such the National Women Development Policy, the National Action Plan for the implementation of the Beijing Platform for Action and most lately in Bangladesh Poverty Reduction Strategy, which especially addresses women’s rights in the supporting strategy of Ensuring Participation, Social Inclusion and Empowerment.


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Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust (BLAST)

BLAST is the largest legal aid provider in Bangladesh covering most of the country through 19 sub-offices. Legal aid is provided to vulnerable groups and poor people in general. BLAST was established as frontline national legal services NGO in 1993 with a mandate to open up the legal aid system to the disadvantaged and marginalized groups in the society. For more than two decades, it has focused its interventions on enhancing access to justice for women, men and children living in poverty or facing discrimination and social marginalization.

BLAST is one of the leading legal services organisations in Bangladesh, and the only one that provides access to legal aid from the formal justice system to the apex court. It provides legal aid, advice and representation across a range of areas, including civil, criminal, family, labour and land law, as well as on constitutional rights and remedies, providing access to judicial remedies alongside alternative dispute resolution wherever appropriate. Alongside individual legal aid, BLAST undertakes strategic litigation, or public interest litigation, as a key part of its advocacy for law and policy reforms to ensure effective legal protection of rights. BLAST is governed by a Board of Trustees comprised of eminent jurists, lawyers, and human rights advocates.

Denmark has been supporting BLAST since 2006, currently supporting Access to Justice for Realisation of Human Rights 2011-2016, under the HRGG III Programme.

Association for Land Reform and Development (ALRD)

ALRD was founded in January 1991 by a group of activists involved in various popular and civil society movements for the realization of rights for the poor. Since its establishment, it has been engaged in upholding the rights over land and natural resources of the poor and marginalized communities and indigenous peoples/ethnic minorities. ALRD has been pursuing these objectives through a combination of ways; advocacy, mobilization of the grassroots communities, its membership networks and alliance with civil society. With the government continuously reiterating its commitment on the implementation of the CHT Peace Accord, ALRD remains one of the main defenders of the rights of the indigenous peoples/ethnic minorities in Bangladesh. Denmark has been supporting ALRD since 2006, mainly focussing on its activities in the area of land rights, especially for the indigenous peoples/ethnic minorities in CHT and plains.

Ain o Salish Kendra (ASK)

Ain o Salish Kendra (ASK), a national legal aid and Human Rights organisation, was established in 1986. Initially its work was limited to providing free legal services to the disempowered. Over the last twenty eight years ASK has developed a more comprehensive approach to the promotion, protection and prevention in the area of legal and human rights. Its strategies promote human rights awareness and community activism; offer legal aid through mediation and litigation while survivors are given psycho-social counselling; investigations into human rights violations and their documentation are supplemented by research, often leading to media campaigns and public interest litigations. Committed to attaining gender equality in every sphere of life, ASK's strategies focus specially on protecting women's rights. ASK's advocacy is carried out both at the national as well as international


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level, and its publications are an important means of disseminating information and knowledge.

ASK is a relatively large NGO with approx. 170 permanent staff. It has a national coverage and is represented in 11 districts. Denmark started providing funds to ASK in January 2009.


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Annex 3: Results Framework at output level

Thematic Programme Agricultural Growth and Employment


Inclusive agricultural growth, through better skills, organisation and market access

Impact Indicator Farmers strengthened at households, organisational and market levels

Engagement Title DE 1 Integrated Farm Management Component II (IFMC)

Outcome Indicator 1 Agricultural productivity among participants in FFS increased

Baseline Year 2019 % increase in per capita income of participating households (based on national survey and survey of first phase – 2013 baseline, 2081 BDT) % female control over income from poultry and homestead gardening (based on end of 1st phase figures – 2013 baseline, 37.9% and 3%) % of households increased number of total farm activities (based on end of 1st phase figures – 2013 baseline 3.8 activities per household)

Target Year 2021 10 % increase in per capita income of participating households 50% female control over income from poultry and homestead gardening 80% of household increased number of total farm activities including adoption of climate smart technologies and varieties

Output Indicator 1.1 Over 4,000 FFS in Integrated Farm Management completed

Baseline Year 2019 20,000 IFM FFS conducted

Target Year 2021 24,000 IFM FFSs conducted

Output Indicator 1.2 200,000 farmers participated in IFM FFS (at least half of them women)

Baseline Year 2019 1,000,000 farmers participated in IFM FFS

Target Year 2021 1,200,000 farmers participated in IFM FFS

Outcome Indicator 2 Building market readiness of farmer households

Baseline Year 2019 % of Farmer Organisations developed capacity to link with extension service providers, market actors and finance services (based on end of 1st phase figure) % of female and male farmers comfortable speaking in public (based on end of 1st phase figure)


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Target Year 2021 90% of Farmer Organisations developed capacity to link with extension service providers, market actors and finance services 80% of female and male farmers comfortable speaking in public

Output Indicator 2.1 200 farmer groups and organisations established and linked to service providers, market actors and micro-finance services

Baseline Year 2019 1040 farmer groups and organisations

Target Year 2021 1240 farmer groups and organisations

Output Indicator 2.2 5,000 female and male farmers have received training in market linkages

Baseline Year 2019 Based on the results of the first phase

Target Year 2021 Baseline plus 17,500 female and male farmers participated in market linkage trainings

Outcome Indicator 3 Producer groups formed and linked with the market actors


Target Year 2021 TBD

Engagement Title DE 2 Agriculture and Food Security Project in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (AFSP III)

Outcome Indicator 1 Agricultural production of female and male marginal and small farm households increased and diversified through IFM-FFS

in the Chittagong Hill Tracts

Baseline Year 2018 The end outcome of AFSP II will be the baseline

Target Year 2021 % increase in yields and production of beneficiary Households (HH) (Vegetable, Fruits, Eggs, Chicken, Pig, Goat, Cow and Fish) % HH intake of diversified nutritious food % of beneficiary HH in target communities with increased access to decentralised extension services % of HH which adapted climate resilient technology

Output Indicator 1.1 Community groups and stakeholders mobilized through establishment of IFM-FFS


Target Year 2021 Number of FFS formed/established, including women (50%) and men participated

Output Indicator 1.2 IFM-FFS Curricula Developed and Promoted


Target Year 2021 Number of Modules developed Inclusion and testing of relevant farming HH’s reliance on climate change issues into FFS curriculum

Output Indicator 1.3 Knowledge and skills of CHT stakeholders [Master trainers, FFS Facilitators, Government of Bangladesh (GoB) Officers]


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enhanced


Target Year 2021 Number of FFS trainers trained (at least 30% women) % of trained CHT stakeholders who believe their knowledge and skills on IFM-FFS have increased after training

Output Indicator 1.4 IFM-FFS implemented through participatory and ‘learning by doing approach’


Target Year 2021 % of IFM-FFS participants graduated (disaggregated by sex and age) 50% women % of IFM-FFS graduates applying sustainable and climate resilient intensification (increased yield levels, enhanced soil fertility, averting loss of stock/crops) % of GoB Line Department Officers that provided follow up support

Output Indicator 1.5 Access to market linkages (input-output) promoted and facilitated


Target Year 2021 Number of FFS linked to traders/buyers for selling their agricultural produces % increase in average HH income % of HHs with access to quality agricultural inputs

Outcome Indicator 2 Hill District Councils are managing transferred agricultural services in line with CHT Peace Accord


Target Year 2021 Number of rules of business developed and in place at HDC Coordination mechanism among the transferred departments related to agriculture services strengthened with functional Agricultural Planning Unit under the leadership of HDCs

Output Indicator 2.1 Coordination enhanced and HDC strengthened to manage transferred agriculture services and monitor Local Resilience Plans


Target Year 2021 Number of executive order in place to operationalise rules Number of coordination meetings organised Number of consultative workshops organised Number of Local Resilience Plans (from target FFS communities) forwarded by HDCs and approved by UPs, linked to UP Local Action Plans


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Thematic Programme Climate Resilience and Sustainable Energy


Enhanced resilience and adaptive capacity in terms of climate change as well as improved access to renewable and efficient energy.

Impact Indicator Climate vulnerability reduced by improved climate resilient rural infrastructure and resilience of livelihoods is more inclusive, benefitting especially the poor and women.

Engagement Title DE 3 Climate Resilient Rural Infrastructure Project (CRRIP)

Outcome Indicator 1 Percentage of the population in the project catchment areas has easy access to the cyclone shelters, schools, markets,

hospitals etc. during cyclones, tidal surges, floods.



Output Indicator 1 % of planned infrastructure listed in the proposal completed (600 km of road/embankments raised, 70 km of road structures

improved, 3250 m of slope protection works, etc.)


Target Year 2021 100%*

Output Indicator 2 Number of ponds excavated or rehabilitated


Target Year 2021 30

Output Indicator 3 Number of poor and extreme poor LCS workers of 19 Upazilas of 5 Coastal Districts of Bangladesh is engaged in Labor

Contracting Societies and number labour days generated

Baseline Year 2016 0 LCS workers and 0 labour days generated

Target Year 2021 20, 000 LCS workers and 2.30 million labour days

Output Indicator 4 Number of UPs that have developed local resilience plans using the approved participatory methodology.

Number of ideas exchanged in annual information sharing meetings with other climate resilience related Engagement implementers.

Baseline Year 2016 0 and 0

Target Year 2021 38 and 2

Output Indicator 5 LGED is integrating lessons learned (best design and maintenance) on efficient and climate resilience in its operations and maintenance*.


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Target Year 2021 TBD* *To be further clarified with the implementing partner

Engagement Title DE 4 CHT Climate Change Resilience Project

Outcome Indicator 1 Percentage of households in targeted communities able to reduce loss of productive days and loss of stock and crops due to

climate and environment induced hazards



Output Indicator 1 % of communities that have completed Community Climate Vulnerability Assessments (CCVA)

% of communities with Local Resilience Plans (LRP)

Baseline Year 2016 0% and 0%

Target Year 2021 80% and 60%

Output Indicator 2 % of communities that implemented prioritised and selective risk reduction actions

% of community members perceiving difference in levels of risk

Baseline Year 2016 0% and 0%

Target Year 2021 80%* and 60%

Output Indicator 3 % of communities supported (technical and/or financial) by CHT institutions


Target Year 2021 50% *To be further clarified with the implementing partner.


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Thematic Programme Governance and Rights


Promotion of rule of law; increased pro-poor and accountable service delivery; and improved rights for vulnerable groups

Impact Indicator Improved rule of law, enhanced accountability and inclusive service delivery and more respect for human rights, incl. for women, poor workers and indigenous people

Engagement Title DE 6 Sustainable Democratic Union Parishad Project (SDUP)

Outcome Indicator 1 Pro-poor, effective and accountable delivery of services by selected UPs significantly increased*

Baseline Year 2016 Baseline survey to be conducted in 2017

Target Year 2021 70% of the poor, vulnerable and socially excluded citizens of all the UPs under the targeted 14 districts have access to decision making process. 80% of the UPs under 14 districts have institutionalized transparent and accountable service delivery 40 % of UPs implemented activities related to Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) and Disaster Risk Management (DRM) as stipulated in their development plans

Output Indicator 1 Capacity of targeted UPs is significantly strengthened to provide democratic, transparent, accountable, responsive and pro-

poor services

Baseline Year 2016 30% UPs formed Standing Committees (SCs) and made them functional (To be confirmed in 2016) 50% UPs held Open Budget Session (To be confirmed in 2016) 10% UPs ensured participation of poor and marginalized citizens at Ward Shava (Ward level meeting) and Open Budget Session

Target Year 2021 80% UPs formed SCs and made them functional during the project period 90% UPs held Open Budget Session 80% of UPs ensured participation of poor and marginalized citizens at Ward Shava and Open Budget Session % of poor households taking part in Ward Shava and open budget sessions (TBD)

Output Indicator 2 UPs are increasingly climate resilient by identifying and prioritizing resilience measures in the UP development plan and their

implementation

Baseline Year 2016 Insignificant number of UPs prepared have local resilience plans, or integrated resilience measures into the development plan (TBD through baseline survey in 2017)

Target Year 2021 40 % of UPs developed local climate resilience plan during the project period 40 % of UPs mainstreamed local resilience plan into their 5 year development plan


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60 % of CCA and DRM schemes implemented by UPs in partnership with CBOs, including youth and marginalised groups

Output Indicator 3 Poor and marginalized citizens, including women, are empowered to make decisions on local development and political

participation

Baseline Year 2016 A few development schemes at UP level are implemented for and by women A few women take part in elections Budget allocation for women responsive development initiatives is negligible A few UPs involve CSOs, youth and marginalized groups in implementing CCA and DRM activities

Target Year 2021 30% of development schemes at UP level implemented for and by women 1,000 women (never contested earlier) from the project area contested in elections (UP, Upazila, Pourashava, etc.) during the lifetime of the project 35% of budget allocation by UPs earmarked for women responsive development initiatives 70% UPs involved and/or worked together with CSOs in organizing social audit

Output Indicator 4 Policy dialogue at national and local level engaging civil society and other stakeholders initiated to promote democratic and

accountable service delivery at the local level

Baseline Year 2016 5 policy studies have been conducted by current UPGP programme

Target Year 2021 10 policy studies conducted by the government during the project period [cumulative] Five inter-ministerial meeting/dialogue held on issues including fiscal flow to UP, UP taxation and assignment of health and education services to UP Five policy dialogues with MPs (members of standing committees) on issues including fiscal flow to UP, UP taxation and assignment of health and education services to UP

*The targets set for the outcome level indicators are for the entire project period and are created as cumulative targets.

Engagement Title DE 7 Promoting Social Dialogue and Harmonious Industrial Relations in Bangladesh Garment Industry

Outcome Indicator 1 Sustainable improvement in social dialogue, workplace cooperation and grievance handling

Baseline Year 2016 to be established in February 2016

Target Year 2021 X% increase of complaints filed by workers /employers on anti-union, gender discrimination and harassment by 2018 and following years X% increase in factories opting to join the programme by 2020 X% increase in cases successfully mitigated through the new system by 2018 and following years X% increase in number of factories report improvement in social dialogue by 2018 and 2020


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Output Indicator 1.1 Improved dialogue between unions and employers at least 100 enterprises in the RMG sector

Baseline Year 2016 To be established in February 2016

Target Year 2021 X% increase in the number of meetings held between workers and employers by 2018 and every following years X% increase in workers and employers reporting an improvement in dialogue at workplace level (disaggregated by sex) by 2018 and every following years X% increase in the number of collective bargaining agreements and written agreements reached between employer and workers’ groups by 2018 onwards

Output Indicator 1.2 A scaled up and systematic approach on workplace cooperation introduced

Baseline Year 2016 To be established in 2016

Target Year 2021 X% increase in the number workplace cooperation plans developed and written agreements reached between employer and workers’ groups by 2018 onwards RMG sector communication strategy developed by 2017

Output Indicator 1.3 A simple and effective grievance handling procedures in place in 200 enterprises


Target Year 2021 Pilot grievance handling procedure developed and model adopted by factories by 2018 X% increase in number of cases referred to and resolved through pilot grievance procedure by 2018 and onwards

Outcome Indicator 2 Sustainable and effective mechanisms for conciliation and arbitration are established


Target Year 2021 X % increase in the number of cases successfully mitigated through conciliation and the number of cases resolved through arbitration by 2017 and onwards X% increase of complaints filed by workers /employers on anti-union, gender discrimination and harassment by 2017 and onwards

Output Indicator 2.1 Improved capacity and organisational tasks of the conciliation functions in the Directorate of Labour


Target Year 2021 Number of recommendations for improving the existing dispute conciliation mechanism being endorsed by the competent national authorities by 2016 Number of public officials trained as investigators of cases by 2016

Output Indicator 2.2 A trusted (by the social partners) pool of national conciliators established


Target Year 2021 List of conciliators agreed by social partners by 2016 A pool of conciliators (30% women) with acquired skills to conduct conciliation by 2017


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Output Indicator 2.3 A transparent mechanism in place for receiving, recording and handling disputes


Target Year 2021 X% increase in the number of cases recorded and reverted to relevant authorities by 2016 and onwards Workers and employers demonstrate support to and satisfaction with the mechanism (data disaggregated by sex) by 2018 and 2020

Output Indicator 2.4 A credible, efficient and transparent system of arbitration in place


Target Year 2021 A decrease in the number of cases reverted to the labour courts by 2018 and onwards A pool of independent arbitrators (30% women) with acquired skills to conduct arbitration established (data disaggregated by sex) by 2017 X% increase in the number of cases resolved through arbitration

Output Indicators 3.1 and 3.2

Trade Unions -NCCWE and IBC- (Output 3.1) and Employers’ organisations -BGMEA, BKMEA and BEF- (output 3.2) are better equipped to dialogue and service their affiliates/members


Target Year 2021 National paralegal diploma programme on labour laws available by 2018 Institutional capacity of HUB built and National level legal aid trust established by 2017 Number of supervisors/HR Managers trained, demonstrating better knowledge and skills by 2017 Networking and trust building plan between Trade Unions and Employers organisations developed and implemented by 2017 A communication strategy to promote best practices developed by 2017

Engagement Title DE 8 Building Integrity Blocks for Effective Change (BIBEC)*

Outcome Indicator 1 Strengthened institutional, legal and policy environment conducive to combating corruption

Baseline Year 2016 12 consultations with GoB based on applied research


Outcome Indicator 3 Enhanced capacities of employers’ and workers’ organisations to dialogue and prevent and resolve disputes


Target Year 2021 Number of enterprise-level policies/procedural recommendations for improving HR management practices and workplace cooperation endorsed by employers’ and workers’ representatives by 2017 X% increase in number of workers/employers reporting a decrease in disputes and an improved representation by unions and employers’ organisations by 2018 and 2020


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Target Year 2021 37 consultations with GoB based on applied research [cumulative]

Output Indicator 1.1 Number of articles, research reports produced on anticorruption and transparency by TIB

Baseline Year 2016 15 research reports released

Target Year 2019 45 research reports released

Target Year 2021 60 research reports released [cumulative]

Outcome Indicator 2 Selected institutions/sectors (health, education, local government, land, climate finance governance) have improved

transparency and accountability through citizens’ Engagement

Baseline Year 2016 5 sectors and 140 institutions

Target Year 2019 5 sectors and 200 institutions

Target Year 2021 5 sectors and 220 institutions [cumulative]

Output Indicator 2.1 Number of Climate Finance Governance (CFG) and Local Government (LG) institutions in the five focal (sector) areas

initiate positive anti-corruption and transparency measures, such as charters on anti-corruption, openness to initiatives to focus on service delivery improvements, etc.



Target Year 2021 5 sectors and 220 institutions [cumulative]

Output Indicator 2-2 Number of LGIs in the target areas with increased level of women’s participation in planning and decision-making in UP

meetings

Baseline Year 2016 34 Union Parishad

Target Year 2019 43 Union Parishad [cumulative]

Target Year 2021 To be decided (TBD)

Output Indicator 2.3 Number of volunteers (CCC, YES, YES Friends, Swajan, TIB members, YPAC) engaged in anti-corruption support base

Baseline Year 2016 6,000 (28 % women) volunteers/ core activists currently involved with TIB and the number will remain the same**

Target Year 2019 6,000 (28 % women)

Target Year 2021 6,000 (28 % women)

Output Indicator 2-4 Number of ordinary citizens, civil society and media at local and national levels are engaged in combating corruption

Baseline Year 2016 0.21(33 % women) million people involved in activities

Target Year 2019 0.60 (35 % women) million people

Target Year 2021 0.80 (35 % women) million people) [cumulative] *TIB’s BIBEC-I project started from 2014 and will continue up to 2019. BIBEC-II is envisaged to start from 2019-to 2025. BIBEC-II project indicators are extrapolated to 2 years i.e. 2019-2021 in


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alignment with the Country Programme 2016-2021. **Young volunteers usually dropout due to graduation from education institutions and shifting places. New volunteers are recruited again thus the number (6,000) remains the same.

Engagement Title DE 9 Multi-Sectoral Programme on Violence against Women

Outcome Indicator 1 Integrated services related to violence against women (VAW) enhanced and increased awareness on VAW in key services and

in general public created

Baseline Year 2016 170000 beneficiaries from one-stop crises centres(25,000), one-stop crisis cells(15,000) and helplines(130,000) 70 % level of satisfaction with various services*

Target Year 2021 300000 beneficiaries from one-stop crises centres(30,000), one-stop crisis cells (25,000) and helplines(245,000) 75 % level of satisfaction with various services

Output Indicator 1 Number of operating one-stop crises centres, one-stop crises cells

Baseline Year 2016 8 one-stop crisis centres at district level public hospitals 40 one-stop crisis cells at hospitals in key (sadar) districts 20 cells at sub-district (upazilla) health complexes

Target Year 2021

17 one-stop crisis centres at district level hospitals [cumulative]

47one stop crisis cells at district level sadar hospitals [cumulative] 64 cells at upazila level health complexes [cumulative]

Output Indicator 2 National Trauma Counselling Centre operating and expands its coverage

Baseline Year 2016 1 National Trauma Counselling Centre in Dhaka is operating

Target Year 2021 Establishment and operation of 18 trauma counselling centres at medical college hospitals adjacent to the OCCs) [cumulative]

Output Indicator 3 National Forensic DNA Profiling Laboratory and Regional DNA Screening Laboratories operating and expands its

coverage

Baseline Year 2016 8 operating DNA Laboratories(screening and forensic)

Target Year 2021 17 regional DNA screening laboratories [cumulative]

Output Indicator 4 Awareness on VAW and related services in key public institutions, increase in the use of concerned facilities, and among

general public

Baseline Year 2016 100 training/workshop sessions for sensitisation various professionals in concerned public institutions

Target Year 2021 200 sensitisation and training sessions in key public institutions


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Outcome Indicator 2 Improved professional Engagement through consolidated inter-ministerial coordination by key GoB ministries and agencies on preventing and addressing VAW

Baseline Year 2016 20 % achievement of results in National Action Plan on Violence against Women and Children (NAPVAWC)

Target Year 2021 60 % achievement of results in NAPVAWC

Output Indicator 1 National Centre on Gender based Violence effectively functioning coordination of ministries and relevant agencies, and

capacity building of key ministries and departments

Baseline Year 2016

Process of Engagement of the National Centre on Gender based Violence started 100 training session for police officers, judges, public prosecutors, health professionals, youth groups, social workers, NGOs who deal with VAW

Target Year 2021

Fully functional National Centre on Gender based Violence through # of training sessions for police officers, judges, public prosecutors, health professionals, youth groups, social workers, NGOs who deal with VAW (TBD)

Output Indicator 2 A multi-sectoral coordination mechanism (inter-ministerial and between GoB and CSOs) and action plan (NAPVAWC 2013-

25) defines rehabilitation, victim services, prevention, reintegration, socio-economic advancement and data collection, M&E

Baseline Year 2016 N/A

Target Year 2021

Multi-Sectoral coordination mechanism for NAPVAWC is in place in collaboration with concerned ministries and departments, NGOs and civil societies under the supervision of the National Centre on Gender base Violence of the Ministry of Women and Children Affairs

Outcome Indicator 3 Improved legal framework and access to justice with regard to VAW

Baseline Year 2016 7 laws, policies and plan are in place

Target Year 2021 14 laws, policies and plan are in place [cumulative] *It is measured on the level of satisfaction of the former clients who attend the monthly meeting at the OCC

Engagement Title DE 10 Opening Pathways to Justice for the Poor (OPJP)

Outcome Indicator 1 Increased access to justice for poor, socially excluded and marginalized women, men and children through informal justice

and increasingly responsive formal justice system

Baseline Year 2016 60% of cases litigated are successful (year on increase by 2% of disposal cases) 0 % of BLAST beneficiaries in targeted unions/urban wards demonstrating capacity and knowledge to demand their rights*

Target Year 2021 70 % of cases litigated, disputes settled on behalf of BLAST’s clients are successful


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60 % BLAST beneficiaries in targeted unions/urban wards demonstrating capacity and knowledge to demand their rights

Output Indicator 1.1 Legal assistance (advice, referral, litigation), outreach and alternative dispute resolution mechanisms strengthened for delivery

of quality legal services by BLAST to its clients

Baseline Year 2016 70,000 (accumulated) cases litigated by BLAST on behalf of poor, socially excluded and marginalized people 0 legal advice (responses to legal inquiries) provided by BLAST* 30,500 disputes settled by BLAST through mediation 0 complaints (General Diary (GD)/First Investigation report (FIR) lodged with the police through BLAST support*

Target Year 2021 95, 000 cases litigated by BLAST on behalf of poor, socially excluded and marginalized people 12, 500 responses to inquiries for legal advice /(responses to legal inquiries) information provided by BLAST 40, 600 disputes settled by BLAST through mediation 950 complaints (GD/FIR) lodged with the police through BLAST support

Output Indicator 1.2 Improved coordination and Engagement with justice service providers at different levels

Baseline Year 2016 300 referrals from justice service providers to BLAST 10 applications to administrative bodies, NHRC and IC through support from BLAST

Target Year 2021 1750 referrals from justice service providers to BLAST 75 applications to administrative bodies, NHRC and Information Commission (IC) through support from BLAST

Outcome Indicator 2 Enabling environment for workers around their rights and entitlements (arrears of pay, minimum wages, equal pay for equal

work, employment and benefits, compensation, security against harassment) and safety standards at workplace

Baseline Year 2016 60% of workers who are BLAST clients are able to claim their rights and entitlements

Target Year 2021 65% of workers who are BLAST clients are able to claim their rights and entitlements through BLAST

Output Indicator 2.1 Enforcement of legal rights and entitlement for workers (wages, maternity benefits, equal pay for equal work, compensation,

etc.)

Baseline Year 2016 75 cases and mediations with successful outcomes for workers 600 responses to legal inquiries to workers

Target Year 2021 375 cases and mediations with successful outcomes for workers 3000 responses to legal inquiries to workers

Outcome Indicator 3 Legal and Policy framework strengthened through advocacy for reforms and practice level changes impacting on the rights of

the poor and disadvantaged in particular women, children and workers


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Baseline Year 2016 Number (4) and quality of legal and policy reform options considered or implemented including steps in Public Interest Litigation (PIL) cases securing landmark judgments or orders and opening up pathways for access to justice for disempowered individuals or communities

Target Year 2021 Number (20) and quality of legal and policy reform options considered or implemented including steps in Public Interest Litigation (PIL) cases securing landmark judgments or orders and opening up pathways for access to justice for disempowered individuals or communities

Output Indicator 3.1 Advocacy for changes in laws and policies affecting historically disempowered groups with relevant duty bearers

Baseline Year 2016 2 PIL cases filed or steps taken and judgments/orders received setting limits on impunity and providing remedies to disempowered individuals or groups 3 improved laws/policies/practices/ institutional reforms on justice and human rights for disempowered groups supported by BLAST with input for changes 3 policy briefs shared through dialogue and consultation at the national and local level

Target Year 2021 10 PIL cases filed or steps taken and judgments/orders received setting limits on impunity and providing remedies to disempowered groups 15 improved laws/policies/practices/ institutional reforms on justice and human rights for disempowered groups supported by BLAST with input for changes 15 policy briefs shared through dialogue and consultation at the national and local level

Outcome Indicator 4 Improved capability of BLAST and its allies in the justice sector to deliver quality legal services to its constituents through

learning and sharing

Baseline Year 2016 Number and quality of training sessions, reports, manuals, policy briefs and joint initiatives with relevant stakeholders, including partner organisations, justice-sector actors (local government representatives, lawyers, judges, police, etc.) for sensitization on gender and human rights Training reports- 2, manuals- 2, policy briefs- 2, Joint initiatives- 3

Target Year 2021 Training reports- 20, manuals- 5, policy briefs- 2, Joint initiatives- 20

Output Indicator 4.1 Capability of BLAST to develop and use appropriate systems through participatory approaches for delivery of quality legal

services to its constituents

Baseline Year 2016 Number (21) of joint initiatives with BLAST panel lawyers and with other justice providers on knowledge sharing Number (1)of research reports on activating or reform of justice mechanisms published and disseminated Number (2)of actions taken on the basis of reports generated through monitoring and evaluation

Target Year 2021 Number (420) [cumulative] of joint initiatives with BLAST panel lawyers and with other justice providers on knowledge sharing


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Number (3 - 10) [cumulative] of research reports on activating or reform of justice mechanisms published and disseminated Number (10) [cumulative] of actions taken on the basis of reports generated through monitoring and evaluation

*Previous baseline studies conducted by BLAST have not measured increases in capacity and knowledge of target groups. Hence, the baseline for this is 0%.

Engagement Title DE 11 Empowering the poor, Marginalised and Indigenous Communities in Bangladesh for Enabling Access to Land and Other Natural Resources

Outcome Indicator 1 Land rights of the indigenous people and relevant climate response both in CHT and plains promoted

Baseline Year 2016 Lack of mobilization capacity and inadequate coordination among IP and Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) for land rights of Indigenous Peoples (IPs) Lack of knowledge and skills in addressing climate change issues

Target Year 2021 IP or IP-focused organisations mobilized in alliance with ALRD and other civil society organisations demanding National IP Commission The CHT traditional institutions (Headmen Network) taken initiatives for the protection of the customary lands(under the existing laws such as the CHT Regulation 1900 and/or by conservation of the mouza forests) IP or IP-focused and Civil Society Organisations addressed climate change issues utilizing their skills/capacity

Output Indicator 1 Efforts of the Civil Society and CHT traditional institutions (Headman and Karbari) for realization of the CHT Accord and

demanding National IP Commission continued

Baseline Year 2016 Inadequate efforts of the traditional institutions (Headman and Karbari) and Civil Society demanding CHT Accord implementation and effective CHT Land Dispute Resolution Commission. Lack of capacity of the IP or IP-focused organisations and civil society in mobilizing communities for demanding National IP Commission

Target Year 2021 Campaign of 2 networks of traditional institutions (Headman and Karbari) and 3 Civil Society platforms for the implementation of the CHT Accord and functioning of Land Dispute Resolution Commission maintained At least 3 Civil society platforms supported by ALRD, continued advocacy and mobilization demanding National IP Commission

Output Indicator 2 Continued civil society advocacy and mobilization demanding effective laws and policies and resource allocation for the IPs

in CHT and plains

Baseline Year 2016 Inadequate laws and policies protecting IPs land rights both in CHT and plains Insufficient allocation in the national budget for the IPs

Target Year 2021 At least 2 laws and/or policies adopted by GoB for the IPs land rights


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Continued and increased allocation in the national budget for the IPs

Outcome Indicator 2 Improved access to land and natural resources for the poor, landless, fringe farmers and marginalised groups (including

Women), and relevant climate response measures facilitated

Baseline Year 2016 Insufficient capacity of the CSOs in mobilizing poor, landless, fringe farmers and marginalised groups in accessing land and natural resources Relevant climate response measures poorly addressed

Target Year 2021 Civil society organisations active (in platform, alliance) in mobilizing poor and marginalised groups in accessing land and natural resources Climate Change responses better addressed by ALRD partners and CSOs

Output Indicator 3 Implementation of Vested Property Act (VPA) (2011) is realised by Government of Bangladesh (GoB)

Baseline Year 2016 VPA Amendment adopted but slow progress on implementation

Target Year 2021 At least 50,000 families established their claim over their property

Output Indicator 4 Mobilisation and support to the poor, landless and marginalised communities in claiming their rights to land, water and

natural resources (Incl. Khas-Government owned commons and water bodies) and relevant climate change issues continued

Baseline Year 2016 30 partner org. working with poor, landless and marginalised communities in claiming their rights to land, water and natural resources (Incl. Khas-Government owned commons and water bodies) Inadequate capacity of the ALRD partners and CSOs in addressing relevant climate change issues

Target Year 2021 Approximately 40 partner organisations mobilized the poor, landless and marginalised communities in claiming their rights to land, water and natural resources (Incl. Khas-Government owned commons and water bodies) At least 10 partner organisations of ALRD engaged in climate change adaptation initiatives

Output Indicator 6 Mobilised Civil Society, partners and media, Local Government and other relevant stakeholders in support of

accountable/transparent land governance

Baseline Year 2016 Ineffective Land Use Policy Insufficient capacity and coordination among Civil Society

Target Year 2021 In alliance with ALRD, approximately 50 partners, like-minded organisations and CSOs are actively pursued adoption/finalization of the Land use and Zoning Act/Policy Approximately 40 partner and like-minded organisations actively involved in land governance monitoring process facilitated by ALRD

Output Indicator 7 Enhanced institutional capacity of ALRD and partners in networking and use of internet and social media (contributing to

both Outcome 1 and 2)


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Baseline Year 2016 Irregular and fragmented dissemination of relevant information among network members, poor or no use of social media

Target Year 2021 Regular and relevant report, proposals and other information shared by partners via e-mail, websites, social media etc. National, regional and international linkages established

Engagement Title DE 12 Strengthening Democracy by Promoting Human Rights Culture in Bangladesh

Outcome Indicator 1 Local HR actors are actively undertaking and facilitating initiatives on HR and gender issues

Baseline Year 2016 3,420 Human Rights actors are actively undertaking and facilitating steps against Human rights violations at the local level 987recorded incidents of violence against women (VAW) are protested and support provided to survivors of VAW.

Target Year 2021 5,604 Human Rights actors are actively undertaking and facilitating steps against human rights violations at the local level. [cumulative] 3, 600 recorded incidents of VAW are protested and support is provided to survivors. [cumulative]

Output Indicator 1.1 Women groups, HR protection committees and lawyers have enhanced capacities for claiming HR and transfer skills to other

activist

Baseline Year 2016 40 HR Protection Committee (MSP) in 40 UPs and 10 UPZ established to continue activism on gender and social justice. 10 HR Lawyers groups (MAP) of 30 lawyers formed and capacitated on HR and gender issues in 10 districts.

Target Year 2021 40 existing MSPs are capable to transfer skills of claiming rights to new 28 MSPs - 70% of MSPs are claiming rights from local government. 12 HR Lawyers groups trained, working as pressure groups to follow District Bar Associations and track number of cases filed in 12 districts.

Output Indicator 1.2 Capacities of HR actors, enhanced to address HR and Gender issues

Baseline Year 2016 195 teachers, NGO staff and professionals are capacitated to address primary level mental health issues and psychosocial supports.

Target Year 2021 1,895 teachers, NGO staff, students and counselling psychotherapy professionals are capacitated to provide psychosocial supports. [cumulative]

Outcome Indicator 2 Disempowered people have increasing access to justice through legal aid


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Baseline Year 2016 Access to the judiciary system is increased by 10% disempowered people, especially women and children from base line 2010 400 incidents of VAW and children responded and action taken

Target Year 2021 Access to the judiciary system is increased by 50% or more disempowered people, especially women and children 2,000 incidents of VAW, children, and adolescent girls responded and action taken

Output Indicator 2.1 Legal redress and assistance through mediation and litigation is provided to disempowered people

Baseline Year 2016 15,095 disempowered women received legal assistance from ASK, in which 80% is addressed through Alternative Dispute Resolution 1,064 litigation cases Conducted by ASK staff lawyers, Panel lawyers

Target Year 2021 80% of a total 80,000 number of registered complaints related to family matters, 90% is addressed through ADR (mediation) 6,017 pending cases conducted and followed up by ASK staff lawyers, panel lawyers

Output Indicator 2.2 Rapid Response is provided to survivors of violence

Baseline Year 2016 Rapid response by ASK to survivors and families in 850 incidents 342 responses received from law enforcement agencies

Target Year 2021 2,000 incidences are addressed through rapid response to survivors and families 1,200 responses received from law enforcement agencies

Output Indicator 2.3 Shelter and psycho social support system for survivors of rights violation established

Baseline Year 2016 60 survivors received medical, shelter and counselling support 400 survivors got psychosocial counselling support, of which 10% are referred to medical services

Target Year 2021 300 survivors received shelter support, medical and counselling services 2,150 received counselling and psychotherapy support, 20% referred to medical services

Outcome Indicator 3 Working children increasingly enjoy fundamental human rights through more responsible duty bearers, employers and

community activists

Baseline Year 2016 3,200 children shifted from exploitative working conditions and are mainstreamed as skilled workers in the productive sectors

Target Year 2021 4,000 children shifted from exploitative working condition and are mainstreamed as skilled workers in the productive sectors

Output Indicator 3.1 Access to basic services and provision of marketable skills for children Baseline Year 2016 1,600 working children received orientation and training on child rights, different life skills, effective


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communication and code of conduct etc.

Target Year 2021 16,000 working children including new received non-formal and formal education, health support, psychosocial assistance and legal support (100 children)

Outcome Indicator 4 State institutions (MOHA, MOLJPA, MOFA etc.) and NHRC are increasingly responsive to respecting HR issues under their

jurisdiction

Baseline Year 2016 Government. (e.g. law enforcement agencies) has taken action on ASK's appeal for intervention on HR and related issues

Target Year 2021 Tangible increase in the number of times Government has taken action on ASK's appeal for intervention on HR and related issues

Output Indicator 4.1 Systematic monitoring, documenting and dissemination of HR situations enhanced (nationwide)

Baseline Year 2016 200+ charts on HRVs prepared and disseminated, 28,000 publications are disseminated yearly and 775 fact-finding reports available

Target Year 2021 Increase by 10% - 20% of above


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Annex 4: Budget


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Annex 5: Risk Management Matrix

(Document submitted as attachment to the email) (in Excel)


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Annex 6: Approved response by representation to summary of appraisal recommendations

(Document submitted as attachment to the email)


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Annex 7: Results Framework – Governance and Rights

Thematic Programme

Governance and Rights


Promotion of rule of law, accountability and rights for poor and vulnerable groups.

Impact Indicator Improved rule of law, enhanced accountability and more respect for human rights, incl. for women, poor workers and ethnic minorities.

Engagement Title DE 6 Sustainable Democratic Union Parishad Project (SDUP)

Outcome Indicator 1 Pro-poor, effective and accountable delivery of services by selected UPs significantly increased.*

Baseline Year 2016 (Baseline survey to be conducted in 2017)

Target Year 2021 70% of the poor, vulnerable and socially excluded citizens of all the UPs under the targeted 5 districts have access to decision making process 80% of the UPs under 5 districts have institutionalized transparent and accountable service delivery 40% of UPs implemented activities related to Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) and Disaster Risk Management (DRM) as stipulated in their development plans

*The targets set for the outcome level indicators are for the entire project period and are created as cumulative targets.

Engagement Title DE 7 Promoting Social Dialogue and Harmonious Industrial Relations in Bangladesh Garment Industry

Outcome Indicator 1 Sustainable improvement in social dialogue, workplace cooperation and grievance handling

Baseline Year 2016 to be established in February 2016

Target Year 2021 X% increase of complaints filed by workers /employers on anti-union, gender discrimination and harassment by 2018 and following years X% increase in factories opting to join the programme by 2020 X% increase in cases successfully mitigated through the new system by 2018 and following years X% increase in number of factories report improvement in social dialogue by 2018 and 2020

Outcome Indicator 2 Sustainable and effective mechanisms for conciliation and arbitration are established


Target Year 2021 X % increase in the number of cases successfully mitigated through conciliation and the number of cases resolved through arbitration by 2017 and onwards X% increase of complaints filed by workers /employers on anti-union, gender discrimination and harassment by 2017 and onwards

Outcome Indicator 3 Enhanced capacities of employers’ and workers’ organisations to dialogue and prevent and resolve disputes


Target Year 2021 Number of enterprise-level policies/procedural recommendations for improving HR management practices and workplace cooperation endorsed by employers’ and workers’ representatives by 2017 X% increase in number of workers/employers reporting a decrease in


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disputes and an improved representation by unions and employers’ organisations by 2018 and 2020

Engagement Title DE 8 Building Integrity Blocks for Effective Change (BIBEC)*

Outcome Indicator 1 Strengthened institutional, legal and policy environment conducive to combating corruption


Target Year 2019 30 consultations with GoB based on applied research

Target Year 2021 37 consultations with GoB based on applied research [cumulative]

Outcome Indicator 2 Selected institutions/sectors (health, education, local government, land, climate finance governance) have improved transparency and accountability through citizens’ Engagement



Target Year 2021 5 sectors and 220 institutions [cumulative] *TIB’s BIBEC-I project started from 2014 and will continue up to 2019. BIBEC-II is envisaged to start from 2019-to 2025. BIBEC-II project indicators are extrapolated to 2 years i.e. 2019-2021 in alignment with the Country Programme 2016-2021.

Engagement Title DE 9 Multi-Sectoral Programme on Violence Against Women

Outcome Indicator 1 Integrated services related with violence against women (VAW) enhanced and increased awareness on VAW in key services and in general public created

Baseline Year 2016 170,000 beneficiaries from one-stop crises centre (25,000), one stop crisis cells (15,000) and help lines (130,000). ii) 70 % level of satisfaction with services.

Target Year 2021 300,000 beneficiaries from one-stop crises centres (30,000), one-stop crisis cells (25,000) and helplines (245,000). 75 % level of satisfaction with various services*

Outcome Indicator 2 Improved professional Engagement through consolidated inter-ministerial coordination by key GoB ministries and agencies on preventing and addressing VAW

Baseline Year 2016 20 % achievement of results in National Action Plan on Violence against Women and Children (NAPVAWC)

Target Year 2021 60 % achievement of results in NAPVAWC

Outcome Indicator 3 Improved legal framework and reduced prevalence of VAW

Baseline Year 2016 7 laws, policies and plan in place

Target Year 2021 14 laws, policies and plan in place [cumulative] * It is measured on the level of satisfaction of the former clients who attend the monthly meeting at the OCC.

Engagement Title DE 10 Opening Pathways to Justice for the Poor

Outcome Indicator 1 Increased access to justice for poor, socially excluded and marginalized women, men and children through informal justice and increasingly responsive formal justice system

Baseline Year 2016 60% of cases litigated are successful (Year on increase by 2% of disposal cases) 0% of BLAST beneficiaries in targeted unions/urban wards demonstrating capacity and knowledge to demand their rights*

Target Year 2021 70 % of cases litigated, disputes settled on behalf of BLAST’s clients are successful 60 % BLAST beneficiaries in targeted unions/urban wards demonstrating capacity and knowledge to demand their rights

Outcome Indicator 2 Enabling environment for workers around their rights and entitlements (arrears of pay, minimum wages, equal pay for equal work, employment and benefits, compensation, security against harassment) and safety standards at workplace


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Baseline Year 2016 60% of workers taking the services from BLAST are able to claim their rights and entitlements through BLAST

Target Year 2021 65% of workers are able to claim their rights and entitlements through BLAST

Outcome Indicator 3 Legal and Policy framework strengthened through advocacy for reforms and practice level changes impacting on the rights of the poor and disadvantaged in particular women, children and workers

Baseline Year 2016 Number (4) and quality of legal and policy reform options considered or implemented including steps in Public Interest Litigation (PIL) cases, securing landmark judgments or orders and opening up pathways for access to justice for disempowered individuals or communities

Target Year 2021 Number (20) and quality of legal and policy reform options considered or implemented including steps in Public Interest Litigation (PIL) cases securing landmark judgments or orders and opening up pathways for access to justice for disempowered individuals or communities

*Previous baseline studies conducted by BLAST have not measured increases in capacity and knowledge of target groups. Hence, the baseline for this is 0%.

Engagement Title DE 11 Empowering the poor, Marginalised and Ethnic minorities Communities in Bangladesh for Enabling Access to Land and Other Natural Resources

Outcome Indicator 1 Land rights of the ethnic minorities people and relevant climate response both in CHT and plains promoted

Baseline Year 2016 Lack of mobilization capacity and inadequate coordination among Ethnic Minorities (EM) and Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) for land rights of EMs. Lack of knowledge and skills in addressing climate change issues

Target Year 2021 EM or EM focused organisations mobilized in alliance with ALRD and other civil society organisations demanding National IP Commission The CHT traditional institutions (Headmen Network) taken initiatives for the protection of the customary lands(under the existing laws such as the CHT Regulation 1900 and/or by conservation of the Mouza forests) IP or IP-focused and Civil Society Organisations addressed climate change issues utilizing their skills/capacity

Outcome Indicator 2 Improved access to land and natural resources for the poor, landless, fringe farmers and marginalised groups (including Women), and relevant climate response measures facilitated

Baseline Year 2016 Insufficient capacity of the CSOs in mobilizing poor, landless, fringe farmers and marginalised groups in accessing land and natural resources Relevant climate response measures poorly addressed

Target Year 2021 Civil society organisations active (in platform, alliance) in mobilizing poor and marginalised groups in accessing land and natural resources Climate Change responses better addressed by ALRD partners and CSOs

Engagement Title DE C 12 Strengthening Democracy by Promoting Human Rights Culture in Bangladesh

Outcome Indicator 1 Local Human Rights actors are actively undertaking and facilitating initiatives on Human Rights and gender issues


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Baseline Year 2016 3,420 Human Rights actors are actively undertaking and facilitating steps against human rights violations at local level 987 recorded incidents of violence against women (VAW) are protested and support will be provided to survivors of VAW

Target Year 2021 5,604 Human Rights actors are actively undertaking and facilitating steps against HR violations at local level. 3, 600 recorded incidents of VAW are protested and support is provided to survivors. [cumulative]

Outcome Indicator 2 Disempowered people have increasing access to justice through legal aid

Baseline Year 2016 Access to the judiciary system is increased by 10% disempowered people, especially women and children from base line year 2010. 400 incidents of VAW and children responded and action taken.

Target Year 2021 Access to the judiciary system is increased by 50% for more disempowered people, especially women and children.

2,000 incidents of VAW, children, and adolescent girls are responded and action taken. [cumulative].

Outcome Indicator 3 Working children increasingly enjoy fundamental human rights through more responsible duty bearers, employers and community activists

Baseline Year 2016 3,200 children shifted from exploitative working conditions and are mainstreamed as skilled workers in the productive sectors

Target Year 2021 4,000 children shifted from exploitative working condition and are mainstreamed as skilled workers in the productive sectors

Outcome Indicator 4 State institutions (MOHA, MOLJPA etc.) and NHRC are increasingly responsive to respecting HR issues under their jurisdiction

Baseline Year 2016 Government. (e.g. law enforcement agencies) has taken action on ASK's appeal for intervention on HR and related issues

Target Year 2021 Tangible increase in the number of times Government has taken action on ASK's appeal for intervention on HR and related issues Increase by 10% - 20% of above.