Milk Protein: Part 2 - Hoober Feedshooberfeeds.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/June-201… ·  · 2015-06-18role in the protein nutrition of the cow and in the milk protein manufacturing

P.O. Box 393216 Mill LaneGordonville, PA 17529 The Feedbag

Volume 15 Issue 6

This Month’s Grain Highlights By: Brad Wagner

Corn:Interestingly, the corn outlook right now is very similar to the situation a year ago. The crop is in the ground, 74% is rated good or better, and the crop is off to a great start. Overall the corn senti-ment is bearish. In addition, what impact will 40 million euthanized poultry (turkeys, layers, broilers, etc.) have on our current corn supply? The outbreak of avain influenza in the Midwest will have a significant impact on grain prices – 40 million birds eat a lot of corn! Barley harvest is about to begin; cheap barley may replace some

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Milk Protein: Part 2

Last month we began a series on milk protein and how we can help our cows to make more milk protein. We began by talking about the protein side of the diet and how important it is to give cows the right amount of protein. We went on further to say that the amino acids, which make up the proteins are actually more important than the total protein itself. We also said that the best protein nutrition starts with good forages that are clean and well fermented. We concluded by saying that synthetic amino acids can be helpful but will not cover up for low forage quality or normal protein sources that are not balanced into the diet properly. So now, we want to turn our attention to the energy side of the diet. Energy plays a very important role in the protein nutrition of the cow and in the milk protein manufacturing process that occurs in the udder. Let’s dig into these two areas.

Energy as a source of protein.

We all know that energy and protein are two very different things. Energy that is consumed by the animal has a whole bunch of functions and protein that is consumed by the animal has a whole bunch of functions and the two are not the same. However, we must always remember that cows are ruminants and in between the food and the cow are billions upon billions of microorgan-isms. These microscopic organisms live in the rumen and reticulum of the cow and they are the first ones to see the food that the cow eats. One teaspoon of rumen fluid contains about 150 billion of these microbes. These microbes are so small that you could never feel the weight of them. However, when you add up the billions upon billions that grow in

As of June 10, 2015

the cow each day, you come up with 10 to 12 lbs of pure bacteria that are growing in the rumen of the cow each day. These microbes are about 50% crude protein, so that translates into 5 to 6 lbs of crude protein per day that is being grown in the cow. For an average cow, that is more than half of her protein needs being supplied by the rumen microorganisms. We know how expensive protein is so if we can get the cow to grow lots of rumen bacteria for a cost that is less than the protein we feed her, we can cheapen up the diet. Not only can the cow grow a lot of her own protein, it is better protein that anything we can buy for her. Last month we presented a chart that has the amino acid content of the meat and of the milk of the cow. That chart is below. However, this month we are adding one more column to the chart; the amino acid content of the rumen bacteria. Take a look at how closely it resembles the amino acid content of the milk and meat of the animal:

So the similarities that we see should make it even more apparent that we should do everything we can to get the rumen of the

Corn: $4.15 / bu compared to $4.80/bu last year and $7.55/bu in 2013Soybeans: $9.70 / bu compared to $15.00/bu last year Soybean Meal: $379 / ton compared to $563/ton last year

corn in some poultry and swine diets. Current corn prices are $4.15/bu compared to $4.80 per bushel last year, $7.55 two years ago.

Soybeans and Soybean Meal:The U.S. has approximately 79% of the beans planted; which is off of the 90% planting pace we were experiencing this time last year. 69% of the crop is rated good-to-excellent. Current soybean value is $9.70/bu; quite a bit cheaper than $15.00/bu last year. Trailer load prices on soybean meal are approximately $379/ton compared to $563/ton last year.

I enjoy talking with you when you call in to our office. Please feel free to call me to discuss grain purchasing and forward contracting opportunities.

Important Dates to Remember:

June 30th- USDA Acreage ReportJuly 11th- USDA Crop Production Report

WITHIN THIS ISSUE

Part Two of the Milk Protein Discussion. Looking at how energy plays an important role in protein nutrition.

Heat Stress in Lactating Cows. How a product called ThermoCAD can help overcome heat stress.

Grain Highlights. The corn crop is in the ground with approximately 79% of the U.S. beans planted.

By: Tom Nauman

- More on Page 2

PriorityIACTM

the Smart bacteria Company TM

forhealthycows.com

Hoober Feeds,only Authorized Reseller in

the region specializing in feeding the P-One Program TM

EZ OPEN – Hold Wide Tape…Pull Small Tape

Found Only in Priority IAC Products

Branded Strains of Smart bacteria: A4000h ™ ..................... Pediococcus pentosaceusA2020 ™ ............................... Enterococcus faeciumEF141 ™ ............................... Enterococcus faeciumLC222 ™ .................................... Lactobacillus caseiLBR1000 ™ .............................. Lactobacillus brevisLP100 ™ ............................ Lactobacillus plantarum

For HealthyCowsFor HealthyCows®®

From - the Smart bacteria& Nutrition Company TM

makers of P-One™ and the P-One Program™

Contains a source of live (viable) naturally occurring microorganisms, Amylase which can hydrolyze starch, Protease which can hydrolyze proteins, beta-Glucanase which can hydrolyze ß-glucans (a type of non-starch polysaccharide), Hemicellulase which can break down hemicellulose.

Guaranteed AnalysisTotal Propionibacteria (minimum)............................................. 16 billion cfu/lb (35 million cfu/gram)(Propionibacterium freudenreichii)

Total Yeast (minimum) ........................................................... 300 billion cfu/lb (661 million cfu/gram) (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)

Enzyme Activity (minimum)Bacterial Amylase (Bacillus subtilis) ........................................................................... 59,000 BAU/lb.Fungal Amylase (Aspergillus oryzae) ......................................................................... 47,625 SKB/lb.Fungal Protease (Aspergillus oryzae) ......................................................................... 34,020 HUT/lb. beta-Glucanase (Trichoderma longibrachiatum) ..............................................................454 BGU/lb.Hemicellulase (Aspergillus niger) .....................................................................................113 HCU/lb.

Ingredient sSodium bentonite, yeast culture, rice hulls, dried yeast, dried Bacillus subtilis fermentation extract, dried Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract, dried Trichoderma longibrachiatum fermentation extract, dried Aspergillus niger fermentation extract, sodium silico aluminate, mineral oil, dried Propionibacterium freudenreichii fermentation product.

Directions for UsePre-fresh Cows (or Lactating Cows): Feed DCP at 1 ounce per head per day for 14–21 day period tocolonize and act as a lactic acid utilizer. Follow with feeding P-One™ (see P-One label for proper use) .

For proper use, consult your P-One Specialist.

Storage RecommendationsStore in a cool, dry area out of direct sunlight.

Manufactured For: Priority Int’l Animal Concepts™

3504 County Road CRManitowoc, WI 54220 USA

forhealthycows.com • [email protected] • 920-682-0264

FULL WARRANTY/DISCLAIMER INFORMATION IS ON OUR WEBSITE: forhealthycows.com

Net wt. 30 lb. (13.64 kg)

Amino Acids For Dairy Cows

Essential AALysineMethionineArginineHistidineLuecineIsoluecinePhenylalanineThreonineTryptophanValine

Milk Meat Mic. Protein16.0

5.57.25.5

19.511.410.0

8.93.0

13.0

16.35.1

16.86.3

17.07.18.99.92.5

10.1

16.65.0

10.44.2

15.911.510.111.3

2.712.3

Our office will be closed on Friday, July 3rd for the Independence Day Weekend.

June is Dairy Month!Hoober Feeds has partnered with WJTL(FM 90.3) to bring youthe “Milk Money” contestand “Moo or False”. Be sure to listen every morning for your chance to win!

animal to grow as much bacteria as it can. What determines how much bacteria can grow in the cow? Although a number of things influence how much bacteria can grow in the rumen, the main things are protein and energy. In order to grow bacteria the protein has to breakdown in the rumen and we call that type of protein rumen “degradable” protein. You can see the value for that item on a forage test report. The energy side of it is a bit more complicated. The energy has to be available in the rumen but it can take several forms that can cause bacteria to grow. There are what we call simple carbohydrates which are the starches and sugars of the feeds. This is where the majority of the energy for a high producing cow comes from. In a diet, we total these two items together and call that the non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) level of the diet. Energy also comes from compo-nents that are a bit more complex, and therefore a bit less digestible than the simple carbohydrates. An example of these is called pectins which you may have heard of. When we add these items to the simple carbs, we call this whole group non-fiber carbohydrates, or NFC, for short. This group needs to be over 40% of the dry matter of a diet for a high producing cow. The third category of energy for the rumen is the fiber. We measure the fiber as NDF

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(Neutral Detergent Fiber) and in order for it to be available to rumen bacteria it has to be digestible. The digestible fiber level of a forage can vary tremendously so we will often run an NDF digestibility analysis of a feedstuff, especially if we are trying to troubleshoot a low protein test. The diet of a cow might run 30% NDF but the digestibil-ity of that NDF might only be 40% so it does not contribute near as much energy to the cow as the grain portion of the diet, however, it is still extremely important. On a cost per unit of energy basis, the energy coming from the forage is cheaper than the energy coming from grains so we want to utilize them in the diet as much as we can. However, we don’t want to compromise performance so each time we balance a ration we are looking to use as much forage as we can but not so much as to dilute out the rumen available energy for the rumen microbes. The whole goal is to get the cow to grow as much rumen bacteria she can at the cheapest cost. This is how we can put together low protein diets for the people who use P1. A pound of starch or sugar will grow a lot more bacteria than a pound of NDF. By keeping P1 in the diet we can feed a higher level of starch and sugar and therefore need less protein because the cow grows more of her own rumen microbes. The chart above shows us that it is the best kind of protein for the cow in terms of amino acid content.

- From Page 1Energy as a stimulator of milk protein synthesis.

Beyond what is happening in the rumen of the cow to help the cow make milk protein, the energy that the cow consumes is also very important in what is happening in the udder to make milk protein. As we said in the last issue, the amino acids that are produced by the cow make their way, via the blood, to the udder of the cow. There they are combined together to make the milk proteins. That process and the degree to which that process works is dependent upon energy. This is an area that is some-what well understood but complex and is beyond my space and ability to explain here. Suffice it to say that we can have all of the amino acids we want, but if the supply of energy to the udder is not sufficient she will not convert those amino acids into milk proteins. Time and again we are asked to trouble shoot problems with milk protein tests and we see diets that are up at 17% protein with extra amino acids and yet milk protein is low. But the diets are low in energy and that is the missing part of the puzzle.

So now let’s conclude this discussion like we did the last one with a list of items to pay attention to in order to provide enough energy for good milk protein production.

Good Milk Protein Production Takes:High Quality ForagesHigh quality means several things. First, it means that the levels of simple carbohydrates are high. This is accomplished by harvesting at the proper stage of maturity. It also means that fiber (complex carbohydrate) digestibility is high. This is accomplished by variety selection, proper fertility, good fermentation and the right kind of weather. Lastly it means no contamination from molds and yeasts. This is accom-plished by harvesting at the right moisture level and treating the forage with the right crop stabilizer.

Your high quality forage will supply a lot of these items but you can’t be afraid to fill in the rest with grains. When we give grain recommendations we are trying to fill in the rest of the needs. Always let us know if the recommendations seem to be more than the cows can consume and handle well. Availability of the NSC is critical. You may have high moisture corn that has a high NSC level but if it is ground too coarse for the cow, that NSC cannot be utilized.

Rumen fermentation patterns are changed every time the cow takes a meal. Many small meals result in better patterns than a few big meals. The beauty of a TMR is that the cow eats a little all day long and every bite she eats is the same. However, TMR’s that are poorly mixed or that are getting warm can lower both milk protein and milk fat tests.

Every time the diet changes the microbes in the rumen suffer. They need to shift to make the best use of whatever is being presented to them. They are much better off if they are allowed to shift slowly with the change rather than having an abrupt change that causes them to stall out while they are trying to get used to the next new feed.

Feeding Adequate Amounts of NFC and NSC

Feeding Many Times During a Day

Making Ration Changes Slowly

Next month we will look at a number of other items, many of them non-feed-related, that can effect milk protein tests.

HEAT STRESS IN LACTATING COWS

ThermoCAD INCLUDES:

Tasco® - Shown to lower core body temperatures during heat stress, thereby improving performance.

B-Vitamins - Play an important role in cellular metabolism. In times of low energy balance, they are necessary for meeting the animal’s nutritional needs. Niacin and Thiamine have shown to play a role as vasodilators which assist cattle in dissipating core body heat.

Gladiator Yeast Culture Concentrate - Promotes dry matter intake and improved fiber digestion through the use of Palatability Factors and Nutritional Metabolites.

Betaine - An all-natural plant product that helps stabilize cellular activity during times of heat stress or dehydration. Betaine has also been shown to be an effective methyl donor sparing methionine and promoting butter fat synthesis.

Electrolytes & Minerals - The lactating formula contains potassium, sodium, and buffering agents to replenish minerals lost through sweating in addition to increasing cation-anion balance, a key component to helping maintain intake and performance through periods of heat stress.

Feeding Recommendations - For best results, begin to include ThermoCAD approximately 72 hours prior to heat stress occurrences and continue feeding throughout. ThermoCAD is to be fed at 4-8 oz per head per day as a topdress or part of a TMR.

Heat Stress in Lactating Cows- From Page 2

ThermoCAD is a heat stress product that contains electrolytes and minerals that are important in providing increased buffering capacity to the rumen. It also supplies Niacin and Thiamine to help with vasodilation. Some other components are the inclusion of Tasco® which helps to lower core body temperature and Betaine which stabilizes cellular activity during times of heat stress and dehydration.

ThermoCAD is not designed to be fed long term. It is to be put into the diet a few days before a hot spell is set to begin and then kept in the diet until a few days after the weather cools off. Once it is in the animal, it tends to act rather quickly.

For more information and/or cost, please consult your Hoober Feeds Representative.