Migration and Remittances: Data from CRRC DI Surveys

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Caucasus Research Resource Centers (CRRC)-Armenia

Migration and Remittances:

Data from CRRC DI Surveys

Yerevan April 29, 2008

[email protected]

Heghine Manasyan

Arsen Aslanyan

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DI-2007. Introduction

• Focused on Demography, Education, Employment, Migration, Health, Social Institutions, Social Capital, Politics, Crime, and Economic Condition;

• Multistage cluster sampling with three disaggregated populations: capital city, other cities, and rural;

• Annual surveys starting from year 2004;

• DI 2007 survey:

• 8,053 households (and approximately the same number of individuals) were surveyed in the South Caucasus countries:

2,514 in Armenia

2,148 in Azerbaijan

3,391 in Georgia

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• The survey instrument – questionnaire was developed by the teams of researchers from three SC countries, and it has

been revised year after year. • As the survey gathers information about household

characteristics (household size, socio-demographics of household members, economic status/conditions, as well

information on current/past migrant members) and individuals sampled within those households (their

employment, education, health, political views, social capital, etc.), in 2007 the questionnaire had significant changes with

the introduction of new questions and elimination of some ineffective questions, and it was split into two parts -

individual and household questionnaires to be easy to administer them.

• The average time for completing either household or individual interview was about 30 minutes.

Survey Instrument

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Main changes made in the “Migration” block of the Questions in 2004-2007

• The term “Migration” also referred to internal migration during DI 2007 survey;

• The period of migration was changed from “during past 3 years” to “since 1991;”

• The questions on migration reasons, employment status and employment spheres during migration were removed in 2007;

• The questions on remittances and their importance were added in 2007.

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The DI 2004-2007 Survey Samples

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Data from DI 2006 survey

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Migration 2006: Reasons for leaving the home country (% of total migrants aged

16 and higher)

5769

79

2921

2014 4

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Yerevan Other cities Rural

Armenia

Other reasons

Could not get a jobcorresponding tohis/her qualifications

Money s/he wasearning was notenough for the HH

Was unable to get ajob

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Migration 2006: Occupation of migrants before and during migration

(% of total migrants aged 16 and higher)

15

74

12 7

26

13

8

12

8 14

515

3

24

63

8

19

46

4

49

375

5 53

11

5

11 1223

40

5 6

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Before After Before After Before After

Armenia Azerbaijan Georgia

Other

Student

Unemployed andlooking for work

Self-employed, withoutemployees

Employee in stateorganization/company/enterpriseEmployee in privateorganization/company/enterprise

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Data from DI 2007 survey

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Return Migrants:

Household members who have been abroad for more than 3 months during 1991-2007 and returned home

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2017 17 18

6

11

15

108 7 7 7

Yer

evan

Oth

eru

rban

Ru

ral

All

cou

ntr

y

Bak

u

Oth

eru

rban

Ru

ral

All

cou

ntr

y

Tb

ilis

i

Oth

eru

rban

Ru

ral

All

cou

ntr

y

Armenia Azerbaijan Georgia

Share of households who have had former (return) migrants (those who have left their household residence since 1991 to live elsewhere for a period longer than three months and returned home)

(% of HHs, year 2007)

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Return Migration: % of household members who have been abroad for more than 3 months during 1991-2007 and returned home

7.0%5.5%

3.6%

1.0% 1.2% 1.4%2.0% 1.8%

1.3%

Yerevan Otherurban

Rural Baku Otherurban

Rural Tbilisi Otherurban

Rural

Armenia Azerbaijan Georgia

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Migration: Destination countries for those who have been abroad for more than 3 months during 1991-2007 and returned home

6985

49

18

4

25

4

7

8 918

Armenia Azerbaijan Georgia

Other foreign country/ Different region.

Western Europe.

Former SovietUnion, excludingRussia.

Russia.

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Share of former/return migrants who financially supported their HHs

11%

0%

52%

66%

84%76%

9%

26%19%

Armenia Azerbaijan Georgia

Studied abroad

Worked abroad

Neither studied norworked abroad

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How long did the former migrants stay abroad?

(% of total)

21 1727

23 2317

16 26 15

2217

16

19 16 24

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Armenia Azerbaijan Georgia

4 years and more

2-4 years

1-2 years

6 -12 months

3-6 months

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Current Migrants:

Household members who have left their households (either permanently or temporarily) for more than 3 months since 1991 but have not returned home.

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Share of HHs having at least one member abroad as of October 2007

9%

15%11%

3%

7% 6%

3%

7%

3%

Yerevan Otherurban

Rural Baku Otherurban

Rural Tbilisi Otherurban

Rural

Armenia Azerbaijan Georgia

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N of Current Migrants per 100 HHs

(October 2007)

29

7 9

34

8

14

23

86

Armenia Azerbaijan Georgia

RuralOther urbanCapital

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Year of last Emigration for Armenian Migrants (% of all current migrants)

0.310.5

19.5

68.6

1.1

<1990 1991-1995 1996-2000 2001-2007 Unknown

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Destination Countries for Armenian Migrants (% of all migrants)

74

8 6 6 3 2 1

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How the Migrants Support their HHs Back Home?

(% of all)

13

36

21

40

43

32

47

19

46

Armenia Azerbaijan Georgia

No support

Non-monetarysupport only

Monetary supportonly

Both monetaryand non-monetarysupport

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“How important are contributions received from the household members currently living abroad to your household’s well-being?”

55

222829

40 44

9

30

115 3 7

Armenia Azerbaijan Georgia

Vital Important Moderately important Not very important

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Importance of Remitances received from Current Migrants for Armenian HHs (%)

55 5853

29 2732

11 86

3 4 9

Rural Other urban Capital

Not very important

Moderately important

Important

Vital

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24

43

15

7

12At least once a month

Approximately every 2-3months

Approximately every 4-6months

Less frequently than every4-6 months

Irregularly/Difficult to say

How often do Armenian Migrants Support their HHs Back Home?

(% of all)

25

How do the migrants send money back home? (%)

47

23

30

38

39

42

23

59

25

8

22

9

2

9

11

Armenia

Azerbaijan

Georgia

Money Transfer Organizations

Bank transfer

Through friends /acquaintances/ relatives.

Brought personally by HH member

Through courier / bus driver / agent.

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How did the HHs spend money received from their migrant members? (%)

91

87

86

55

65

45

26

18

25

17

9

20

6

15

9

4

23

6

8

4

Armenia

Azerbaijan

Georgia

FoodClothingEducationMedical care

Housing construction / RenovationSavingsOther

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12 17 13

88 83 87

Armenia Azerbaijan Georgia

No

Yes

Does HH share remittances received from their migrant HH members? (%)

28

78

16

3 3

25% and less

26% - 50%

51% - 75%

76% - 100%

What share of those remittances did Armenian HHs share with other HHs? (%)

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Visit www.crrccenters.org - > Data Initiative Project to find:

• Survey datasets (in SPSS format)• Questionnaires and show cards (in 4

languages)• Survey methodology document• SPSS online crash course

Want to learn more?

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Other Migration/Remittances SurveysBy CRRC-Armenia: “Profile of potential labor migrants”, needs assessment pilot survey conducted in February 2007 for IOM in Yerevan, Shirak, Lori and Syunik Marzes (300 HHs);

By EDRC: “Remittances of International Migrants and Povertyin Armenia”, countrywide survey conducted in 3000 HHs for ADB at the beginning of 2007;

By ICHD: “Remittances of International Migrants and the Financial Sector in Armenia”, a survey of 300 remittance recipients in Yerevan, Gyumri and Vandazor;

By APC LLC: a survey conducted for the CBA in 2005 in 2000 remittance receiving HHs in Armenia and 2000 remittance sending HHs in Moscow to estimate Money transfers during 2003-2005;

By NSS: Integrated Living Conditions Surveys (starting from 2004)

and “2005 Survey on estimating cash remittances received by Armenian households from foreign countries”;

Etc, etc