Microplastic is it chemistry? Where ... - helix.chem.bg.ac.rshelix.chem.bg.ac.rs/zf/lect/ZF2018_Nikiforov.pdf · Microplastic –is it chemistry? Where in Microplastic is chemistry?

Microplastic – is it chemistry?Where in Microplastic is chemistry?

What a chemist can do?A view of a bystander and of an insider.

Vladimir Nikiforov

van@nilu.no

NILU – Norwegian Institute for Air Research

Framsenteret, Tromsø, Norway

Short CV:

1981-2010: Student →→→ Dozent, St.Petersburg State University, Dept. of Chemistry

2010-2014: Head of laboratory, Center for Ecological Safety RAS

From 2014: Senior scientist, NILU

mailto:van@nilu.no

1. What is the weight of plastic in the sample?

2. What is the amount of particles?

3. What is the size distribution?

4. What are shapes and shape’s dsitribution?

5. Which polymer types are there?

6. What are the answers for questions above for each type of polymer?

7. What was a particle originally a part of?

8. What happened to polymer molecules?

9. What are(were) the additives to the polymer?

10. What is(was) sorbed to the particle?

11. What would happen to it in a day, in a year, etc.?

…….

XXX. Is it possible to answer these questions?

YYY. Is it necessary???

Microplastic – is it chemistry?Where in Microplastic is chemistry?

What a chemist can do?A view of a bystander and of an insider.

Production and use of plastics/polymers

“Macro-”, “micro-”, “nano-” plastic particles – do we have a good definition?

MACRO >5 mm MICRO

5 % on beaches< 1% ocean surface94% on the sea floor

Releases chemicals/

additives like flame retardants, softeners,

stabilisators etc.

Hva er problemet?

1) Eaten by organisms2) Biofouling and settling to

the seafloor3) Weathering

What happens when plastic enters the ocean?

Attracts lipophilic chemicals which are

abundant in the seawater since plastic behaves like organic

tissue

(1:100 000)

Is plastic a sailboat for

a) chemicals, b) organisms ?

http://www.google.no/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&docid=vD5DFLtVeBk9ZM&tbnid=UsERpHMNBec0jM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1077325/The-plastic-waste-British-seas-brink-ecological-disaster.html&ei=ZcxfUqbNEcTQtQaQlYCoCA&bvm=bv.54176721,d.Yms&psig=AFQjCNHdLkdg78Kz3dpusI0dM_39BL_ZMw&ust=1382096176852701http://www.google.no/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&docid=vD5DFLtVeBk9ZM&tbnid=UsERpHMNBec0jM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1077325/The-plastic-waste-British-seas-brink-ecological-disaster.html&ei=ZcxfUqbNEcTQtQaQlYCoCA&bvm=bv.54176721,d.Yms&psig=AFQjCNHdLkdg78Kz3dpusI0dM_39BL_ZMw&ust=1382096176852701

Vladimir Nikiforov

van@nilu.no

NILU – Norwegian Institute for Air Research

Framsenteret, Tromsø, Norway

Short CV:

1981-2010: Student →→→ Dozent, St.Petersburg State University, Dept. of Chemistry – Polychloronaphthalenes and Toxaphenecongeners: native and C13 isotope labeled

2010-2014: Head of laboratory, Center for Ecological Safety RAS – mass-spectrometry analyses, evaluation of contribution of St.Petersburg into contamination of the Baltic Sea

From 2014: Senior scientist, NILU, Tromso – method development and LC/GC-MS analysis, new potential pollutants.

mailto:van@nilu.no

Norway

385252 sq. km5.3 million peopleResearcher-friendlyFocused on polar research (Nansen, Amundsen…)

Tromsø (2770 km from Belgrade)Population 75000

Tromsø (2770 km from Belgrade)Population 75000

12000 foreign cityzens12000 students ?

Tromsø is beautiful !

From 100 m of beach line“NILU’s sample”

Norwegian “Beach cleaning Day”

Obligatory collection of floating waste at sea

Norwegian “Beach cleaning Day”

Different types of plastic objects

Different types of waste pieces

NILU – Norwegian institute for air researchwww.nilu.no

Tromsø (The Fram Centre)

Kjeller Oslo (CIENS)

Foto

: Bjø

rn F

aafe

ng,

NIV

A

• Founded in 1969

• Independent foundation from 1986

• Board members appointed by the- Norwegian Ministry of theEnvironment- The Research Council of Norway

• ca 200 people work at NILU

http://www.nilu.no/

Fram Centre: www.framsenteret.no

Fram Centre: research

Fram Centre: FLAGSHIPS

FramCenter: 20 partner institutionsOne unique partner – UNIS

(University Centre in Svalbard, www.unis.no)

Observatories from pole to pole

Troll

Alomar (Norway)

Zeppelin (The Arctic)

Birkenes (Norway)

Troll (Antarctica)

NILU is monitoring climate change and long-range transport of air pollutants at four observatories:

• Zeppelin in the Arctic• Troll in Antarctica• Birkenes and ALOMAR in Norway

NILU contributes measurements to several monitoring programs from these observatories as well as from several regional monitoring stations.

NILUs main activities in MP research

Weathering under arctic conditions

Transport and sources

www.nilu.no

www.nilu.no

NILU collects,stores,

provides informationon air quality

How much of it is plastic ?

23.10.18 – PFTBA (C4F9)3N in air!

24.10.18 – Breaking news:

5 years ago..

Example of experiment

Example of findings

Thousands of microplastic particles in the source area vs few in the Arctic (particles/m3)

Bettina Libmann at NORMAN workshop, Zurich, Jan. 2018

Bettina Libmann at NORMAN workshop, Zurich, Jan. 2018

How many nanospheres of 100nm from a microsphere of 0,01 mm ?

100nm1000 x (CH2)40000

10nm(CH2)40000

5nm(CH2)3000

1nm 25 x CH2

Polyethylene spheres of certain diameter !

NILU: Involved in a number of projects- 2 x JPI Ocean projects (BASEMAN & PLASTOX)

- Lead of 1 NFR project (PLASTPOLL); collaborating with China and US

- Participate in 3 FRAM centre projects

- 1 internal funded NILU project on nanoplast methods

- 1 strategic project including mikroplastic in the Arctic

- Train a number of masterstudents

maintasks:

– Sample treatment under controlled conditions (clean room and cleancabinet)

– Chemical characterisation of adsorbtion and leaching processes

– Weathering

NILU participating in JPI Ocean projects

PLASTOX experiments: monitoring additives/POPs on virgin plastic in sea water at real arctic conditions (just outdoors of FramCenter)

40

- 1 cage per timepoint over 24 months- Investigate adsorbtion and leakage of

chemicals over time under Arctic conditions

MARS project

41

- Artificial soccer fields are very common in Norway- Rubber pieces are regularly added to the plastic grass to damp the surface

(made either of rubber or old car tires)- Rain washes these pieces away, which will often end up in the municipal

waste water not filtered out drain into the ocean

Direct

Mecanical

Waste water treatment in Norway

Microplastic at NILU

Our group in Tromso: GC/MS-MS, LC/MS-MS

DART-MS-TOF – for identification of plastic

GC Q Exactive

(GC-Orbitrap)

– not yet for plastic…

NILU, Kjeller: Toxicology, nanoparticles/plastics

NILU, 2018: NOK 1 Million internal funding for microplastic in the air

I. Control samples,

II. control samples,

III. control samples,

IV. control samples,

V. control samples,

Advice «on chemistry of microplastics»