CRADLE TO CRADLE ® Design – An Innovative Tool Prof. Dr. Michael Braungart Rome, Italy September 30th, 2010 SUSTAINABILITY INTERNATIONAL FORUM
CRADLE TO CRADLE® Design – An Innovative Tool
Prof. Dr. Michael Braungart Rome, ItalySeptember 30th, 2010
SUSTAINABILITY INTERNATIONALFORUM
CRADLE TO GRAVE DESIGN PARADIGM
ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTERS
CRADLE TO GRAVE DESIGN PARADIGM
- AS IF WE NEEDED A NEW CHALLENGE
GULF OF MEXICO 2010
PRECIOUS SLAG FROM WASTE INCINERATION
• Incineration slag contains 13,000 tonnes/a of copper (average Germany)• It is worth of $ 100 million per year (Price rate 2009)
Without soil, there is no food!
We have to replace nutrients and carbon in the topsoil!
NEGATIVE IMPACTS FROM COFFEE PRODUCTION
Deforestation Soil Degradation
Pesticide Use Degradation of Water Quality
Loss of Biodiversity
LOSS OF TOPSOIL
We lose 4000 – 6000 times more topsoil than we rebuild
OFF-GASING-CHROMATGRAM: CARPET synthetic fiber
OFF-GASING-CHROMATGRAM: CARPET natural fibre
EMISSIONS
GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY?
OFF GASSING: COMPUTER MOUSE
TONER DUST AND INDOOR AIR QUALITY
COST OF POOR INDOOR AIR QUALITY
. Over 40% of children have allergies.
Several decades ago, only 2 – 3% did
• Every third person in the western world has allergy problems.
• Allergies cost the U.S. health care system $18 billion annually
Source: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
SOLUTION: design materials and products for indoor use
ARE WE TOO MANY?
“No goal is more crucial to
healing the global environment
than stabilizing human
population.”
Al Gore
ARE WE TOO MANY?
ARE THEY TOO MANY ?
THE BIOMASS OF ANTS IS FOUR TIMES GREATER THAN THAT OF HUMANS
Priority Criteria• Carcinogenicity*• Disruption of Endocrine
System*• Mutagenicity*• Reproductive Toxicity*• Teratogenicity*
Additional Criteria• Acute Toxicity• Chronic Toxicity• Irritation of Skin/Mucous
Membranes• Sensitization• Other (e.g., skin
penetration potential, flammability, etc.)
* Known or suspected in humans and/or animals
Human Health
Criteria
• Aquatic toxicity– Fish toxicity– Daphnia toxicity– Algae toxicity
• Bioaccumulation (BCF, log Kow)• Climatic Relevance/Ozone Depletion Potential• Content of Halogenated Organic Compounds • Persistence/Biodegradation• Toxic Heavy Metal Content• Other (e.g., Water Danger Score, Toxicity to Soil
Organisms, etc.)
Environmental Health Criteria
© MBDC. All rights reserved.
Production Process
• Exact Knowledge of Composition
• Resources (Renewable/Nonrenewable)
• Transport Distance
• Energy Input
• Social Criteria
• Genetic Engineering
• Danger of Intermediates/By-Products
• Animal Testing
• Wastes
• Climatic Relevance/Ozone Depletion
Input Total Score Health Hazards
Material S AT IRR CT DES T C M DIS A CF
Material 1 78.36 A C A A A A A A C A
Material 2 88.50 A B A A A A A A B A
Dye 1 58.36 A A B C A A A C C A
Dye 2 58.36 A A C C A A A C C A
Dye 3 58.36 A A C C A A A C C A
Dye 4 58.36 A A C C A A A C C A
Dye 5 58.70 A A C C A A A C A A
Dye 6 58.36 A A C C A A A C C A
Dye 7 58.36 A A C C A A A C C A
Dye 8 58.36 A A C C A A A C C A
Sample Materials Assessment Matrix
© MBDC. All rights reserved.
CRADLE TO GRAVE : TARGET IS ZERO
REDUCTION,AVOIDANCE, MINIMIZATION,PREVENTION.
ECO-EFFICIENCY
ECO-EFFECTIVENESS
CRADLE TO CRADLE® : GOAL IS QUALITY
ECO-EFFICIENCY
DEFINE,INCREASE,SUPPORT, OPTIMIZE
ECO-EFFECTIVENESS
WHERE CLIENTS AND SUPPLIERSREGARD THEMSELVES AS PARTNERS, AIMING FOR THE HIGHEST QUALITIES
PROGRESS OF QUALITY FROM CRADLE TO CRADLE® WITH TIME
OPTIMAL
OPTIMIZING
TOLERABLE
NOT ACCEPTABLE
NOT
CHARACTERIZED
IDENTIFY THE BEST: ABC-X CATEGORIZATION
CRADLE TO CRADLECRADLE TO CRADLE ®
ARCHITECTURE AND CRADLE TO CRADLE®
THE TERMITE WORLD BUILDINGS
"The greenest house is the one that never
gets built.“
— Whit Faulconer, GreenBlue
?
BEYOND THE LIMITS OF SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE
Eco-effective architecture
• Rematerialization
– Technical and biological cycles
– Integrated with nature‘s nutrient and energy
cycles
• Material chemistry
– Positively defined material chemistry
– e.g. Climatex and BASF carpet fiber
Adam J oseph Lewis Center for Environmental Studies I Oberlin College, OH
BUILDINGS LIKE TREES
CITIES LIKE FORESTS
BUILDINGS LIKE TREES
WILLIAM MCDONOUGH: HOUSES LIKE TREES, CITIES LIKE FORESTS
FORD ROUGE CENTER
ADAM JOSEPH SMITH CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES OBERLIN, OH
FORD RIVER ROUGE LIVING ROOF DESIGN
XEROFLOR: „RAISED FLORA“
ECO-EFFECTIVE ARCHITECTURE
• More Impact– More habitat– More clean water– More fresh air– More pleasure– More beauty– More biological diversity– More fun
• Intelligent Workplace– Responds to outdoor and
indoor conditions
HERMAN MILLER “GREEN HOUSE” FACTORY
ACTIVE HOUSE ARCTITEKTUR
Bionorica: Building like a tree
Building: BIONORICA NEUMARKT
SCHÜCO
KEEPINGMATERIALSWHILESELLING THE USE OF SERVICES
Quelle: HeidelbergCementNitrate monoxide from the surrounding air is being transformed into Nitrate (NO3¯) which is then being washed down by rain and serves as nutrients to the soil
AIR POLLUTANTS CAPTURE VIA CONCRETE: TioChem
Mosses for uptake and conversion of fine particulates
Source: Prof. Frahm – Uni Bonn
OIA INSTITUTO AMBIENTAL LATIN AMERICA
• Soil recovery
• Nutrient recycling
• Energy from Biomass
• Social justice
• Economic profitability
www.oia.org.br/new/
BIOMASS NUTRIENT RECYCLING: SEWAGE TREATMENT
PHOSPHATE RECOVERY
CRADLE TO CRADLE®: DOING THE RIGHT THINGS!
DOING THE RIGHT THINGS
DOING THINGS RIGHT
CRADLE TO CRADLE® DESIGN PARADIGM
• WASTE EQUALS FOOD(NUTRIENTS ARE NUTRIENTS)
• USE CURRENT SOLAR INCOME
• CELEBRATE DIVERSITY
TRIPLE TOP LINE
Biological Metabolism
Technical Metabolism
BiologicalNutrient
CLIMATEX® LIFECYCLE™ : BIOLOGICAL NUTRIENT
FABRIC PRODUCTION FABRIC SALE AND USE DISPOSAL AND TRIMMINGS
MULCH AND COMPOSTRESOURCE GROWTH
Handelsblatt, 16. Juni 2005
KLM - COMPOSTABLE AIRPLANE SEAT PROTOTYPE
TRIGEMA BIODEGRADABLE T-SHIRT
NEW DIMENSIONS OF QUALITY FOR APPAREL GOODS- User’s Health - Safe for the Environment
MANUFACTURE BIODEGRADE
COMPOST
COTTON
RECOLLECTION
ALGAE BIOPOLYMER
BIOPLASTICS
BREAK DOWN
IN SALT WATER
Technical Nutrient
DESSO: CRADLE TO CRADLE® FLOOR COVER
CEO of Desso
With Cradle to Cradle, Desso is in it for the long haul. It’s a challenging task which will involve the creation of entirely new products and technologies.
But it’s a task we’re proud to undertake, for the betterment of our products, our brand, the people and our planet.
Stef Kranendijk, Desso CEO
TAKE BACK AND RECYCLING
TAKE BACK AND RECYCLING
Separate the carpet
Into the main components for further use
Material used for cement industry
Secondary fuel
Raw material
Alternative outlets
Yarn for the production of new yarn
Backing material into new backing
TECHNICAL NUTRIENT
32 seconds
RETURNITY: THE FABRIC OF MANY LIVES
TECHNICAL NUTRIENTS - PHILIPS
www.philips.nl
COPPER MATERIAL CYCLES
Exploration
Mining
Concentration
Cu-production
Product manufacturing
Use
Collection of used products
Dismantling
Sorting
INTELLIGENT MATERIALS POOLING: MATERIAL FLOWS
Producer of Chemicals „Filler“, Retailer
Organisations
Quality Community
Producer
WHO CAN CONTRIBUTE TO SOLUTIONS?
Logistics
Recycler
WINDMILLS ON TRANSMISSION TOWERS
SOLAR PANELS: HARVESTING THE SUN
Efficiency up to 40%
Silicone Doping
Cadmium telluride
EXAMPLE OF A CRADLE TO CRADLE® PLATFORM
BENEFICIAL ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT
EPEA INTERNATIONALE UMWELTFORSCHUNG GMBHTROSTBRÜCKE 4D-20457 HAMBURGGERMANYT. +49 40 43 13 49 0F. +49 40 43 13 49 49www.epea.com
Michael [email protected]