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Stormwater Management Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System Permit Stormwater Financing Collaboratives/Partnerships Julie Conroy, AICP, Senior Environmental Planner Metropolitan Area Planning Council
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Page 1: MetroWest Stormwater Management

Stormwater Management• Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System Permit • Stormwater Financing• Collaboratives/Partnerships

Julie Conroy, AICP, Senior Environmental PlannerMetropolitan Area Planning Council

Page 2: MetroWest Stormwater Management
Page 3: MetroWest Stormwater Management

Problem

= Env./Human Impacts

Impervious Surfaces

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Why Care?

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Climate Change

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Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4) Draft Permit

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Public Education and Outreach

Specific topics,

Specific audiences

Specific number of messages

DRAFT 2015 MS4 Requirements

Credit: Hoyle & Tanner

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GeneralNew MS4 Permit likely to require:

• Written Stormwater Management Plan (year 1) – General Info:• Receiving waterbody segments, classification & impairment• Interconnected MS4s and other separate storm sewer systems

receiving a discharge from the permitted MS4• Compliance with all permit requirements

• Written Illicit Discharge Detection Elimination Program (year 1):

• Legal Authority (SW Bylaw/ordinance or Stand-Alone)• Program Management (Whom?)• Catchment Ranking

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Education & Outreach

• Min. of 2 ed messages to each of the key audiences (by year 2): residential, commercial/institutional, developers, industrial

• Targeted information relevant to each audience type!

• Materials: Flyers, News Articles, workshops, events…

http://neponsetstormwater.org/member-resources/outreach-materials/

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Public Participation

• Review and implementation of the SWMP annually

• Opportunities: websites; hotlines; clean-up teams; monitoring teams; or an advisory committee.

http://www.urbanrunoff5k.com/p/stormwater.html

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Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination - IDDE

How?– Elimination by 60 days of find – Id known locations where SSOs have discharged to

the MS4 within the previous five years – Notice to EPA of SSO discharge within 24 hours– MS4 Outfall Inventory (year 1)– MS4 System Mapping: CBs, Outfalls, Pipes, Manholes,

Municipally-owned SW facilities, Waterbodies, – Mapping & Ranking of Catchment Areas (year 1)

“Prohibit illicit discharges and sanitary sewer overflows to MS4”

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IDDE – Catchment Mapping & Ranking

Why? Trace sources of

pollution from the receiving water to the contributing land area.

Rank catchments according to their likelihood to contribute illicit discharges (low-high)

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IDDE – Outfall Monitoring

Screening & Sampling Protocol Dry & Wet Weather Sampling

(by year 3) Minimum Testing: Ammonia,

chlorine, Conductivity, Salinity, E. coli. or Enterococcus, Surfactants (detergents), Temperature, and TMDL pollutant

EPA New England Bacterial Source Tracking Protocol (2012): http://www.epa.gov/region1/npdes/stormwater/ma/2014AppendixI.pdf

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Construction: Erosion/Sediment Controls• > or = to 1 Acre Disturbance w/in Urbanized Area (Regulated Area)• Separate & in addition to EPA Construction Site Permit• Amendment of bylaw/ordinance to require:

– Use of erosion/sediment controls– Site plan review, inspections & local enforcement

– BMPs that will prevent or E&S (can use MA Stormwater Handbook)

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Pollution Prevention/Good Housekeeping

Municipal Operation & Maintenance… Written O&M Procedures for Muni Activities (by year 1)

Inventory of owned facilities: parks and open space, buildings and facilities, and vehicle / equipment storage / fueling (by year 1)

Infrastructure Repair Plan(by year 1): Street Sweeping SOPs

Winter Road Maintenance

O&M for Muni SW Management Facilities

Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan for “waste-handling facilities” (DPW Yards, Transfer Stations, Maintenance Facilities, etc.)

Accelerated CB inspection & program:

Investigate and document any CB >50% full twice in a row

Annually report # inspected, # cleaned, volume of cleanings

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Post-Construction SW Management

SW Management program for new and re-development disturbing ≥1 acre AND discharging to MS4

Bylaw/Ordinance to Include: Retain and/or treat first 1” of runoff Infiltration near “environmentally sensitive areas” BMPs that at least meet MA SW Standards Avoid disturbance of natural areas

Track changes to directly connected impervious by sub-basin or catchment annually (year 2)

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Post-Construction SW Management

Report on street and parking rules/design guidance (by year 3)

Report on zoning and other changes to allow: green roofs, LID infiltration, and water harvesting (by year 4)

Inventory and priority ranking of municipal property & infrastructure that could be retrofitted with BMPs (year 4)

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Post-Construction SW Management

Approved TMDL: Control Plans for

Pollutant of Concern

Additional BMPs Public Education IDDE Removal

No TMDL (Acceptable Effluent Standards)

Water Quality Requirements

Source: National Stormwater Quality Database

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Post-Construction SW Management

Green Infrastructure

Conventional (Gray) Infrastructure Green Infrastructure

Singe function – carry waste and water; built for cars only; electricity from fossil fuels

Multi-functional - store and treat stormwater; aesthetically pleasing; provide wildlife habitat; electricity from wind, solar; multi-modality, etc.

Manufactured materials Manufactured and natural materials

Transports stormwater away from site Manages stormwater on site

Concentrates stormwater and pollutants Naturally treats and disperses stormwater and pollutants

Roads built for cars only Roads that accommodate bicycles and pedestrians, and often, have natural elements too.

Electricity from fossil fuels Electricity from multiple renewable energy sources

Cookie-cutter approach, no room for creativity or complementariness

Work well in tandem with and are complimentary to other types of infrastructure

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Post-Construction SW Management

Low Impact DevelopmentAn ecosystem based approach to development

Conservation

Open Drainage

Rain Gardens

Amended Soils

Rain Barrel

Reduced Imperviousness

Porous Pavement

Creating a Hydrologically Functional Lot

Creating a Hydrologically Functional Lot

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Post-Construction SW ManagementGI / LID Techniques

Bioretention

Rainwater Harvesting

Green Roof

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MAPC Stormwater Financing/Utility Starter Kit

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1. Define: Water Quality Problems & Management Needs

2. Determine: Fee Structure3. Deliver: Outreach Program4. Develop: Management Program5. Draft: Bylaw/Ordinance/Regulations

Kit Contents

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Premise: a) Stormwater drainage

system is a public system/service!

b) Fee is established just like drinking water rate (can equate volume of runoff per sq ft of impervious just like gallons per person usage)

Principles: Equitable, Stable, and Sustainable

Drainage Fee Premise & Principles

Credit: City of Falls Church, VA

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Water Quality/Quantity Improvements MS4 Compliance Management - Staff:

Stormwater Program ManagerDedicated DPW staff for

Maintenance/IDDE Infrastructure Repair Planning/GIS Development Plan/Permitting Review

Define: Needs

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Determine Fee Structure: Expenditures

Category/Item Total (MS4 Permit Year 1)

Administration $83,553

Regulation/Enforcement $13,500

Engineering and Master Planning $366,795

Operations and Implementation $575,113

Monitoring $17,650

TOTAL: $1,056,611

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Determine Fee: Impervious Analysis

Code Property Type In Impervious Analysis

0XX Multiple Use Yes1XX Residential Yes2XX Open Space Yes3XX Commercial Yes4XX Industrial Yes5XX Personal Property No – Not Found

6XX Forest – Chapter 61 Protected

No – Pervious

7XX Agricultural – Ch. - 61A Protected

Yes – Some Impervious

8XX Recreational – Ch. 61B Protected

Yes – Some Impervious

9XX Tax Exempt Property Yes

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Determine Fee: Critical Questions

How do you want to distribute the fee burden across property types? For example, if the Town’s commercial properties include more impervious surfaces, in total, than all other property types; perhaps this is where the fee burden is more heavily weighed.

How do you want to distribute the fee within each property type? For example, does the Town want to use the same fee for each property within one property classification?

Is there an interest in “leveling-out” the fee distribution within a property type? For

example, are there political sensitivities of imposing a fee based on actual imperviousness in cases where some properties bear a very high burden for one reason or another?

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Determine Fee: Rate Options

1. Flat fee - based only on the number of parcels in Town against costs;

2. Graduated fee - per land use classification using an Equivalent Residential Unit (ERU);

3. Proportional fee - based on impervious surface data for each parcel; and

4. Distributed fee - using a square root of the proportional calculations.

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Institutional (tax exempt)

60,500 sq ft imp.

$4,000/yr

Residential2,500 sq ft

imp.$160/yr

Commercial50,800 sq ft imp.

$3,000/yr

1 ERU

20 ERU’s

24ERU’s

• Average Single Family Residential impervious area

• = 1 Equivalent Residential Unit (ERU).

• Fees for other prop types are calculated relative to ERU

Determine Fee: Graduated

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Determine Fee: Graduated

Property Type # of Parcels

Total Impervious (sq ft)

Average Impervious per parcel (sq ft)

ERU Equivalent

Annual Rate (per parcel type)

Quarterly Fee

Res - Single Family

6,578 16,733,888 2,544 1 $160.63 $40.15

Res – Accessory 378 616,628 1,631 0.6 $103.00 $25.75Res – Multi-Unit 1,521 7,914,075 5,203 2.0 $210.68 $52.67Commercial 295 15,009,539 50,880 20.0 $3,212.65 $803.16Industrial 39 2,361,727 60,557 23.8 $3,823.70 $955.92Exempt 186 5,303,104 28,406 11.2 $1,150.14 $287.54

Totals: 8,997 47,919,303

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Determine Fee: Proportionate

Property Type Land Use Code

Total Impervious (sq ft)

Percent of Town’s Imperv.

Approximate Low Fee (Annual)

Approximate High Fee (Annual)

Res - Single Family 101 16,733,888 39% $5 $2,000Res - Other/Accessory 130-142 616,628 19% $30 $9,000Res – Multi-Unit 102-125 7,914,075 1% $1 $600Commercial 300-393 15,009,539 35% $1 $30,000*Industrial 400-452 2,361,727 6% $20 $5,000Exempt 900 5,283,445 11% $1 $9,000

Totals: 47,919,303 100%

* Note: Sizeable variation is due to approximately 10 properties with over 200,000 sq ft impervious. See explanation below.

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Determine Fee: Distributed

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Recharge of/Reduction in Impervious Coverage

Low Impact Development/Green Infrastructure

Quantifiable Stormwater Quality Benefit (e.g. Reduction of Post-development Peak Flow)

Educational Programming (primary/secondary schools)

Determine Fee: Credits

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Deliver: Internal Outreach

Stormwater Pollution Issues

Purpose and Benefits of Long Term Funding Program

Describing Recommended Funding Program

Stormwater Advisory Committee Option

Developing Materials/Media for External Outreach

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Deliver: External Outreach

Pre-Education Phase (Setting Groundwork) What is Stormwater?

Program Development Phase (What is Fee?)

Education After Fee/Utility Establishment

Page 38: MetroWest Stormwater Management

Stormwater Collaboratives/Partnerships

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Neponset Stormwater Partnership

• No More “Recreating the Wheel”

• Resource Sharing

• Shared Technical Services

• Planning at the Watershed Scale

• SWMP Development

• Collaborative Governance

• Ongoing Leadership for SW Management

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Partnership Program Options

1. Education and Outreach Templates for SWMP

2. Review of Local Bylaws (Stormwater and Non)

3. Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination – IDDE Planning:a) Language for use in SWMP b) Map and data table (outfalls and receiving waters)c) Ranking of outfallsd) Evaluation of regional implementation options

4. Evaluation of Parcel and Roadway Retrofits

5. Good Housekeeping SOPs

6. Financing Analysis and Pilots

Page 41: MetroWest Stormwater Management

THANK YOU!

Discussion…

Resources: http://www.mapc.org/Stormwater_Financinghttp://www.epa.gov/region1/npdes/stormwater/MS4_MA.html

Contact:Julie Conroy, [email protected]