Stormwater Management •Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System Permit •Stormwater Financing •Collaboratives/Partnerships Julie Conroy, AICP, Senior Environmental Planner Metropolitan Area Planning Council
Jul 27, 2015
Stormwater Management• Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System Permit • Stormwater Financing• Collaboratives/Partnerships
Julie Conroy, AICP, Senior Environmental PlannerMetropolitan Area Planning Council
Public Education and Outreach
Specific topics,
Specific audiences
Specific number of messages
DRAFT 2015 MS4 Requirements
Credit: Hoyle & Tanner
GeneralNew MS4 Permit likely to require:
• Written Stormwater Management Plan (year 1) – General Info:• Receiving waterbody segments, classification & impairment• Interconnected MS4s and other separate storm sewer systems
receiving a discharge from the permitted MS4• Compliance with all permit requirements
• Written Illicit Discharge Detection Elimination Program (year 1):
• Legal Authority (SW Bylaw/ordinance or Stand-Alone)• Program Management (Whom?)• Catchment Ranking
Education & Outreach
• Min. of 2 ed messages to each of the key audiences (by year 2): residential, commercial/institutional, developers, industrial
• Targeted information relevant to each audience type!
• Materials: Flyers, News Articles, workshops, events…
http://neponsetstormwater.org/member-resources/outreach-materials/
Public Participation
• Review and implementation of the SWMP annually
• Opportunities: websites; hotlines; clean-up teams; monitoring teams; or an advisory committee.
http://www.urbanrunoff5k.com/p/stormwater.html
Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination - IDDE
How?– Elimination by 60 days of find – Id known locations where SSOs have discharged to
the MS4 within the previous five years – Notice to EPA of SSO discharge within 24 hours– MS4 Outfall Inventory (year 1)– MS4 System Mapping: CBs, Outfalls, Pipes, Manholes,
Municipally-owned SW facilities, Waterbodies, – Mapping & Ranking of Catchment Areas (year 1)
“Prohibit illicit discharges and sanitary sewer overflows to MS4”
IDDE – Catchment Mapping & Ranking
Why? Trace sources of
pollution from the receiving water to the contributing land area.
Rank catchments according to their likelihood to contribute illicit discharges (low-high)
IDDE – Outfall Monitoring
Screening & Sampling Protocol Dry & Wet Weather Sampling
(by year 3) Minimum Testing: Ammonia,
chlorine, Conductivity, Salinity, E. coli. or Enterococcus, Surfactants (detergents), Temperature, and TMDL pollutant
EPA New England Bacterial Source Tracking Protocol (2012): http://www.epa.gov/region1/npdes/stormwater/ma/2014AppendixI.pdf
Construction: Erosion/Sediment Controls• > or = to 1 Acre Disturbance w/in Urbanized Area (Regulated Area)• Separate & in addition to EPA Construction Site Permit• Amendment of bylaw/ordinance to require:
– Use of erosion/sediment controls– Site plan review, inspections & local enforcement
– BMPs that will prevent or E&S (can use MA Stormwater Handbook)
Pollution Prevention/Good Housekeeping
Municipal Operation & Maintenance… Written O&M Procedures for Muni Activities (by year 1)
Inventory of owned facilities: parks and open space, buildings and facilities, and vehicle / equipment storage / fueling (by year 1)
Infrastructure Repair Plan(by year 1): Street Sweeping SOPs
Winter Road Maintenance
O&M for Muni SW Management Facilities
Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan for “waste-handling facilities” (DPW Yards, Transfer Stations, Maintenance Facilities, etc.)
Accelerated CB inspection & program:
Investigate and document any CB >50% full twice in a row
Annually report # inspected, # cleaned, volume of cleanings
Post-Construction SW Management
SW Management program for new and re-development disturbing ≥1 acre AND discharging to MS4
Bylaw/Ordinance to Include: Retain and/or treat first 1” of runoff Infiltration near “environmentally sensitive areas” BMPs that at least meet MA SW Standards Avoid disturbance of natural areas
Track changes to directly connected impervious by sub-basin or catchment annually (year 2)
Post-Construction SW Management
Report on street and parking rules/design guidance (by year 3)
Report on zoning and other changes to allow: green roofs, LID infiltration, and water harvesting (by year 4)
Inventory and priority ranking of municipal property & infrastructure that could be retrofitted with BMPs (year 4)
Post-Construction SW Management
Approved TMDL: Control Plans for
Pollutant of Concern
Additional BMPs Public Education IDDE Removal
No TMDL (Acceptable Effluent Standards)
Water Quality Requirements
Source: National Stormwater Quality Database
Post-Construction SW Management
Green Infrastructure
Conventional (Gray) Infrastructure Green Infrastructure
Singe function – carry waste and water; built for cars only; electricity from fossil fuels
Multi-functional - store and treat stormwater; aesthetically pleasing; provide wildlife habitat; electricity from wind, solar; multi-modality, etc.
Manufactured materials Manufactured and natural materials
Transports stormwater away from site Manages stormwater on site
Concentrates stormwater and pollutants Naturally treats and disperses stormwater and pollutants
Roads built for cars only Roads that accommodate bicycles and pedestrians, and often, have natural elements too.
Electricity from fossil fuels Electricity from multiple renewable energy sources
Cookie-cutter approach, no room for creativity or complementariness
Work well in tandem with and are complimentary to other types of infrastructure
Post-Construction SW Management
Low Impact DevelopmentAn ecosystem based approach to development
Conservation
Open Drainage
Rain Gardens
Amended Soils
Rain Barrel
Reduced Imperviousness
Porous Pavement
Creating a Hydrologically Functional Lot
Creating a Hydrologically Functional Lot
1. Define: Water Quality Problems & Management Needs
2. Determine: Fee Structure3. Deliver: Outreach Program4. Develop: Management Program5. Draft: Bylaw/Ordinance/Regulations
Kit Contents
Premise: a) Stormwater drainage
system is a public system/service!
b) Fee is established just like drinking water rate (can equate volume of runoff per sq ft of impervious just like gallons per person usage)
Principles: Equitable, Stable, and Sustainable
Drainage Fee Premise & Principles
Credit: City of Falls Church, VA
Water Quality/Quantity Improvements MS4 Compliance Management - Staff:
Stormwater Program ManagerDedicated DPW staff for
Maintenance/IDDE Infrastructure Repair Planning/GIS Development Plan/Permitting Review
Define: Needs
Determine Fee Structure: Expenditures
Category/Item Total (MS4 Permit Year 1)
Administration $83,553
Regulation/Enforcement $13,500
Engineering and Master Planning $366,795
Operations and Implementation $575,113
Monitoring $17,650
TOTAL: $1,056,611
Determine Fee: Impervious Analysis
Code Property Type In Impervious Analysis
0XX Multiple Use Yes1XX Residential Yes2XX Open Space Yes3XX Commercial Yes4XX Industrial Yes5XX Personal Property No – Not Found
6XX Forest – Chapter 61 Protected
No – Pervious
7XX Agricultural – Ch. - 61A Protected
Yes – Some Impervious
8XX Recreational – Ch. 61B Protected
Yes – Some Impervious
9XX Tax Exempt Property Yes
Determine Fee: Critical Questions
How do you want to distribute the fee burden across property types? For example, if the Town’s commercial properties include more impervious surfaces, in total, than all other property types; perhaps this is where the fee burden is more heavily weighed.
How do you want to distribute the fee within each property type? For example, does the Town want to use the same fee for each property within one property classification?
Is there an interest in “leveling-out” the fee distribution within a property type? For
example, are there political sensitivities of imposing a fee based on actual imperviousness in cases where some properties bear a very high burden for one reason or another?
Determine Fee: Rate Options
1. Flat fee - based only on the number of parcels in Town against costs;
2. Graduated fee - per land use classification using an Equivalent Residential Unit (ERU);
3. Proportional fee - based on impervious surface data for each parcel; and
4. Distributed fee - using a square root of the proportional calculations.
Institutional (tax exempt)
60,500 sq ft imp.
$4,000/yr
Residential2,500 sq ft
imp.$160/yr
Commercial50,800 sq ft imp.
$3,000/yr
1 ERU
20 ERU’s
24ERU’s
• Average Single Family Residential impervious area
• = 1 Equivalent Residential Unit (ERU).
• Fees for other prop types are calculated relative to ERU
Determine Fee: Graduated
Determine Fee: Graduated
Property Type # of Parcels
Total Impervious (sq ft)
Average Impervious per parcel (sq ft)
ERU Equivalent
Annual Rate (per parcel type)
Quarterly Fee
Res - Single Family
6,578 16,733,888 2,544 1 $160.63 $40.15
Res – Accessory 378 616,628 1,631 0.6 $103.00 $25.75Res – Multi-Unit 1,521 7,914,075 5,203 2.0 $210.68 $52.67Commercial 295 15,009,539 50,880 20.0 $3,212.65 $803.16Industrial 39 2,361,727 60,557 23.8 $3,823.70 $955.92Exempt 186 5,303,104 28,406 11.2 $1,150.14 $287.54
Totals: 8,997 47,919,303
Determine Fee: Proportionate
Property Type Land Use Code
Total Impervious (sq ft)
Percent of Town’s Imperv.
Approximate Low Fee (Annual)
Approximate High Fee (Annual)
Res - Single Family 101 16,733,888 39% $5 $2,000Res - Other/Accessory 130-142 616,628 19% $30 $9,000Res – Multi-Unit 102-125 7,914,075 1% $1 $600Commercial 300-393 15,009,539 35% $1 $30,000*Industrial 400-452 2,361,727 6% $20 $5,000Exempt 900 5,283,445 11% $1 $9,000
Totals: 47,919,303 100%
* Note: Sizeable variation is due to approximately 10 properties with over 200,000 sq ft impervious. See explanation below.
Recharge of/Reduction in Impervious Coverage
Low Impact Development/Green Infrastructure
Quantifiable Stormwater Quality Benefit (e.g. Reduction of Post-development Peak Flow)
Educational Programming (primary/secondary schools)
Determine Fee: Credits
Deliver: Internal Outreach
Stormwater Pollution Issues
Purpose and Benefits of Long Term Funding Program
Describing Recommended Funding Program
Stormwater Advisory Committee Option
Developing Materials/Media for External Outreach
Deliver: External Outreach
Pre-Education Phase (Setting Groundwork) What is Stormwater?
Program Development Phase (What is Fee?)
Education After Fee/Utility Establishment
Neponset Stormwater Partnership
• No More “Recreating the Wheel”
• Resource Sharing
• Shared Technical Services
• Planning at the Watershed Scale
• SWMP Development
• Collaborative Governance
• Ongoing Leadership for SW Management
Partnership Program Options
1. Education and Outreach Templates for SWMP
2. Review of Local Bylaws (Stormwater and Non)
3. Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination – IDDE Planning:a) Language for use in SWMP b) Map and data table (outfalls and receiving waters)c) Ranking of outfallsd) Evaluation of regional implementation options
4. Evaluation of Parcel and Roadway Retrofits
5. Good Housekeeping SOPs
6. Financing Analysis and Pilots
THANK YOU!
Discussion…
Resources: http://www.mapc.org/Stormwater_Financinghttp://www.epa.gov/region1/npdes/stormwater/MS4_MA.html
Contact:Julie Conroy, [email protected]