Mechanical engineering

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

VIKALP KULSHRESTHA

Contents

• Introduction; Need; Abstract Coursework

• Evolution

• A View On Famous Works

• Modern Techniques

• Mechanical Miracles

• Mechanical Engineering & India

• Future Prospects

• The Final Briefing

Introduction

What is mechanical engineering

• Mechanical Engineering is an engineering discipline that involves the application of principles of physics for analysis, design, manufacturing, and maintenance of mechanical systems.

• Mechanical engineering is one of the oldest and broadest engineering disciplines.

Introduction

What Is The Need Of It ?

• Actually no field can sustain without mechanical help.

• design and analyze motor vehicles, aircraft, heating and cooling systems, watercraft, manufacturing plants, industrial equipment and machinery, robotics, medical devices and more.

IntroductionAbstract coursework

• Mechanics basic mechanics

mechanics of materials or solid mechanicsFluid mechanics

• Thermal science thermodynamics

Heat & mass transfer energy conversion

RACHVAC

• Designing engineering drawing

machine drawing machine design

CAD

• Production sciences material science

metallurgy production technology

CAM

Evolution

• Mechanical engineering dates back to the times of the great pyramids(3000-2500 b.c.)

• In ancient Greece, the works of Archimedes (287 BC–212 BC) and Heron of Alexandria (c. 10–70 AD) deeply influenced mechanics in the Western tradition.

• In China, Zhang Heng (78–139 AD) improved a water clock and invented a seismometer, and Ma Jun (200–265 AD) invented a chariot with differential gears.

• Al Jaziri wrote his famous "Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices" in 1206 presented many mechanical designs. He is also considered to be the inventor of such mechaincal devices which now form the very basic of mechanisms, such as crank and cam shafts.

Evolution

• Till 18th century many developments took place in this field………………..& then in the late 18th century and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, production, and transportation had a profound effect on the socioeconomic and cultural conditions in Britain. This was called the industrial revolution. The subsequently spread through Europe, America and then in the whole world.

• This revolution led to the development of machine tools and technology.

• Today Currently, there are 1,346 engineering colleges in India approved by the All India Council of Technical Education with a seat capacity of 4,40,000. B.E., B.Sc., B.Tech., B.A.Sc .

A View On Famous Works

• Archimedes — Archimedes' Screw, Principle of Buoyancy. • Banū Mūsā brothers, Muhammad, Ahmad, Al-Hasan —Ibn Bassal —

Flywheel, Flywheel-Driven Chain Pump.

• Al-Jazari — crankshaft, connecting rod, crank-driven and hydropowered saqiya chain pump, crank-driven screw and screwpump, elephant clock, weight-driven clock, weight-driven pump, reciprocating piston suction pump, geared and hydropowered water supply system, programmable humanoid robots, robotics, hand washing automata, flush mechanism, combination lock, lamination, static balancing, paper model, sand casting, molding sand, intermittency, linkage.

• Cornelis Corneliszoon — Sawmill.

• Lagari Hasan Çelebi — Manned Rocket, Artificially-Powered Aircraft, Rocket Aircraft.

• Thomas Shavey — Steam Engine.

• James Watt — Improved Steam Engine.

• Henry Maudslay — Screw-Cutting lathe, Bench Micrometer.

• George Cayley — Glider, Tension-Spoke Wheels, Caterpillar Track. • George Stephenson — Steam Locomotive.

• Benoît Fourneyron — Water Turbine.

• William George Armstrong— Hydraulic Crane.

• Richard J. Gatling– Wheat Drill, First Successful Machine Gun.


• Narcis Monturiol i Estarriol — Steam Powered Submarine.

• Ibn Khalaf al-Muradi — Geared Mechanical Clock, Segmental Gear, Epicyclic Gearing.

• James Henry Greathead – Tunnel Boring Machine, Tunnelling Shield Technique.

• Karl Benz — Petrol-Powered Automobile.

• Rudolf Diesel — Diesel Engine.

• John Moses Browning — Automatic handgun.

• Donat Banki —Carburetor.

• Carl Edvard Johansson — Gauge Blocks .


• Mary Anderson — Windshield Wiper Blade.

• Henri Coandă — Jet Engine.

• Harry Brearley — Stainless Steel.

• Igor Sikorsky — Helicopter.

• Baltzar von Platen — Refrigerator.

• Laszlo Biro — Modern Ballpoint Pen.

• Frank Whittle — Jet Engine.

• Mikhail Kalashnikov — AK-47 and AK-74 Assault Rifles.

• Fazlur Khan — Structural Systems for High-Rise Skyscrapers.


Modern Techniques

• Many mechanical engineering companies, especially those in industrialized nations, have begun to incorporate Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE) programs into their existing design and analysis processes.

• CAE includes the following :

1. Computer Aided Design (CAD)

2. Product Life Cycle Management (PLM)

3. Finite Element Analysis (FEA)

4. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)

5. Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM)

6. Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO)

Modern Techniques

• Computer-Aided Design (CAD) is the use of computer technology to aid in the design and particularly the drafting (technical drawing and engineering drawing) of a part or product, including entire buildings. It is both a visual (or drawing) and symbol-based method of communication whose conventions are particular to a specific technical field.

• Drafting can be done in two dimensions ("2D") and three dimensions ("3D").

• Drafting is the communication of technical or engineering drawings and is the industrial arts sub-discipline that underlies all involved technical endeavors. In representing complex, three-dimensional objects in two-dimensional drawings, these objects have traditionally been represented by three projected views at right angles.

Computer Aided Design (CAD)

Modern Techniques

• Product lifecycle management (PLM) is the process of managing the entire lifecycle of a product from its conception, through design and manufacture, to service and disposal. PLM integrates people, data, processes and business systems and provides a product information backbone for companies and their extended enterprise.

• Within PLM there are four primary areas;1. Product and Portfolio Management (PPM) 2. Product Design 3. Manufacturing Process Management (MPM) 4. Product Data Management (PDM)

Product Life Cycle Management (PLM)

Modern Techniques

• The Finite Element Method (FEM) (sometimes referred to as Finite Element Analysis) is a numerical technique for finding approximate solutions of partial differential equations (PDE) as well as of integral equations. The solution approach is based either on eliminating the differential equation completely (steady state problems), or rendering the PDE into an approximating system of ordinary differential equations, which are then numerically integrated using standard techniques such as Euler's method, Runge-Kutta, etc.

Finite Element Analysis (FEA)

Modern Techniques

• Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is one of the branches of fluid mechanics that uses numerical methods and algorithms to solve and analyze problems that involve fluid flows. Computers are used to perform the millions of calculations required to simulate the interaction of fluids and gases with the complex surfaces used in engineering. Even with high-speed supercomputers only approximate solutions can be achieved in many cases. Ongoing research, however, may yield software that improves the accuracy and speed of complex simulation scenarios such as transonic or turbulent flows. Initial validation of such software is often performed using a wind tunnel with the final validation coming in flight test.

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)

Modern Techniques

• Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) is the use of computer-based software tools that assist engineers and machinists in manufacturing or prototyping product components. CAM is a programming tool that makes it possible to manufacture physical models using CAD programs. CAM creates real life versions of components designed within a software package.

• Traditionally, CAM has been considered as a numerical control (NC) programming tool wherein three-dimensional (3D) models of components generated in CAD software are used to generate CNC code to drive numerically controlled machine tools.

• Although this remains the most common CAM function, CAM functions have expanded to integrate CAM more fully with CAD/CAM/CAE PLM solutions.

Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM)

Modern Techniques

• Multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) is a field of engineering that uses optimization methods to solve design problems incorporating a number of disciplines.

• MDO allows designers to incorporate all relevant disciplines simultaneously.

The optimum of the simultaneous problem is superior to the design found by optimizing each discipline sequentially, since it can exploit the interactions between the disciplines. However, including all disciplines simultaneously significantly increases the complexity of the problem.

• These techniques have been used in a number of fields, including automobile design, naval architecture, electronics, computers, and electricity distribution. However, the largest number of applications have been in the field of aerospace engineering, such as aircraft and spacecraft design.

Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO)

Mechanical Miracles

20 km from the coast of Denmark, you will find “Horns Rev”, the biggest wind farm in the world. 80 turbines 110 m tall, capable of 160

MW

1.Wind Farm in middle of ocean

The fins are 30 m long.

The highway between Tibbitt and Contwoyto in Canada. Most dangerous road in the world. It is over 500km long and consist of

85% frozen lakes. The ice can break at any time.

2.Fantasy road that for part of the timeArctic highway

This road can only operate

come into effect during the

coldest months of the year.

When the ice becomes strong

enough every year the road is

made.

Here is a series of truck on the ice – each 70 τons.

Some people try and push their luck at the end of the season – but in the end nature has the

final say.

Used for the heaviest, and biggest of things needing transport

3. Colossus of the sea. The biggest ship in the world

Oil Rigs transported off-shore …

…Oil refinery

…a whole Military Radar…

How it can be loaded at sea;

It sinks under the water…

The ships park on top…

And then it raises itself!!

SIMPLE ,isnt’it?

It’s a bridge that goes over the Elba river. It allows boats easy access into canals. It cost more than

500 million Euros and took 6 years to build

4.Modern ways to control water.The bridge “Magdeburg” (Germany) – you need to look at it a number of times to understand what is

actually happening.

This is a “virtual model” of the Burj Tower

In 2008, it became the tallest is the world.

5.The tallest skyscraper in the worldBurj Tower

My friends... We are seeing the city with the biggest growing rate in the world...

15% of the large towers being built in the world are in Dubai... Can you imagine the problem in

operating these cranes

This is the beginning....

From another angle

6.TUNNEL BORING MACHINE(TBM)

Large pits are dug to insert the machine

Hydraulic jacks support the machine

INSIDE VIEW

Its major contribution is in• The Chicago railways

network. (in USA)

• The Channel Tunnel b/w

London & Paris.

• The Delhi Metro.

Mechanical Engineering and India

This area comprises of two sub categories:

• Government Sector

• Private Sector

Government Sector

• Ministry of Heavy Engineering• Ministry of Steel• Ship Building Industry• Ministry of Defence• Ministry of Aviation• Ministry of Railways• The Navratna Companies


Government Sector {Ministry of Heavy Engineering}

• Heavy Engineering Corporation Ltd.

• HMT Ltd.



• Established in the year 1958 as the largest Integrated Engineering Industrial Complex in India with excellent DESIGN, ENGINEERING & MANUFACTURING base. The company is engaged in the manufacture & supply of Capital equipments, Machine tools and Spares needed for the Core Sector Industries.

• It is an ISO 9001-2000 company.


Heavy Engineering Corporation Ltd. (HEC Ltd.)


• CNC Vertical Turning & Boring machine for Durgapur Wheel and Axle Plant .

• CNC Deep Hole Boring machine .

• CNC Planing machine for Copper Mould machining .

• Heavy Duty CNC Roll Turning Lathe for Rolling Mills .

• HEC has successfully developed High Strength Low Alloy Steel Grade DMR-249A and 249B for Naval Application .


Achievements of HEC

Government Sector {Ministry Of Heavy Engineering}

• Incorporated in 1953 by the Government of India as a Machine Tool manufacturing company.

• Over the years diversified into Watches, Tractors, Printing Machinery, Metal Forming Presses, Die Casting & Plastic Processing Machinery, CNC Systems & Bearings.

• Successful technology absorption in all product groups through collaborations with world renowned manufacturers & further strengthened by continuous in-house R&D.


HMT Ltd.


HMT Subsidiaries

• Hmt Machine Tools Ltd.• HMT Watches Ltd. • HMT Chinar Watches Ltd.• HMT Bearings limited• HMT (International) Ltd.• Praga Tools Ltd.



Hmt (Machine Tools Ltd.)

• HMT Limited, the pioneer in Machine Tools Industry in India and manufacturers of a diversified range of products has incorporated “HMT MACHINE TOOLS LIMITED” as its fully owned subsidiary on 9th August 1999 .

• leading manufacturer of Machine Tools in India .



HMT (Watches Ltd.)

• The manufacture of wristwatches started as part of diversification strategy of HMT in the year 1962, under Technical collaboration with CITIZEN Watch Company of Japan with a manufacturing unit at Bangalore.

• it manufactures Mechanical and Quartz Analog watches



HMT (Chinar Watches Ltd.)

• HMT Limited, the first company to start watch manufacturing in India has incorporated "HMT CHINAR WATCHES LIMITED" as its fully owned subsidiary on 4th September 2000 with Jammu as its head quarters.



HMT (Bearings Ltd.)

• HMT Bearings Limited, formerly known as Indo-Nippon Bearings Limited was incorporated in the year 1970. It is the only company of its kind in the public sector set up to manufacture Ball & Roller Bearings. The company was established in technical collaboration with M/s Koyo Seiko Co. Ltd., Japan an internationally reputed manufacturer of Bearings.

• In the year 1981, the company became a subsidiary of HMT Limited.


• The company designs, manufactures and supplies Ball Bearings, Cylindrical Roller Bearings and Taper Roller Bearings.


HMT (International Ltd.)

• HMT(INTERNATIONAL) Limited, was set up in 1974 as a wholly owned subsidiary of hmt Limited, to undertake exports of goods manufactured by HMT and other leading Indian manufacturers.

• HMT(I) is headquartered at Bangalore and has a global network extending over 38 countries with 67 representations to service its clientele worldwide. HMT(I) has sold over 12,500 machines in more than 70 countries with efficient after sales service.

HMT (I)’s business portfolio includes trading in:

• Machine Tool and Industrial Machinery

• Watches • Tractors & Agricultural Implements • General Engineering Products • Industrial Commodities • Software and IT Services • Projects & Services



HMT ( Praga Tools Ltd.)

• Praga Tools Limited was incorporated on 20th May, 1943 as Praga Tools Corporation Limited to manufacturer Machine Tools with head quarters at Secunderabad. It was renamed as Praga Tools Limited in 1963.

• HMT Limited took over Praga Tools Limited as one of its subsidiaries with the transfer of majority of the share holding in the year 1988.

• Praga Tools Limited manufactures Machine Tools for various applications including CNC Machines.


Government Sector {Ministry of Steel}

Activities of Steel Ministry

• Co-ordination and planning of the growth and development of Iron and Steel Industry in the country (including Re-Rolling Mills, Alloy Steel and Ferro Alloy Industries, Refractories) both in the Public and Private Sectors.

• Formulation of policies in respect of Production, Pricing, Distribution, Import and Export of Iron & Steel, Ferro Alloys and Refractories.

• Development of input industries relating to Iron Ore, Manganese Ore, Chrome Ore and Refractories etc. , required mainly by the Steel Industry.


Government Sector {Ministry of Ship Building} (Shipping)

The Ship Building Ministry looks after the funds and the foreign joint ventures for the industry. The four major shipyards are namely:

• Cochin Shipyard Ltd.

• Goa Shipyard Ltd.

• Mazagon Dock Ltd. • Hindustan Shipyard Ltd.



• It was incorporated in the year 1972.

• Cochin Shipyard (CSL) is the largest ship building yard in India.

• The shipyard also trains graduate

engineers in marine engineering. Around hundred students are trained each year.

• It can build ships up to 1,100,000 metric tons deadweight (DWT) and repair ships up to 1,250,000 DWT.


Cochin Shipyard Ltd.


• It was established in 1957, originally by the Portuguese-India government as "Estaleiros Navais de Goa“.

• After the invasion of Goa by the Indian armed forces in 1961, it was requisitioned to manufacture warships for the Indian Navy and Indian Coast Guard.


Goa Shipyard Ltd.


• It manufactures warships for the Indian Navy as well as offshore platforms for oil exploration.

• It has manufacturing facilities situated at Mumbai and Nhava.

• The yard has the capability to

build warships, submarines, and merchant ships up to 30,000 metric tons deadweight (DWT). It can also fabricate well head platforms, process and production platforms and jack up rigs for oil exploration.


Mazagon Dock Ltd.


• It is India's first and oldest shipyard.

• In 1940, Walchand Hirachand started the construction of the shipyard, initially known as Scindia Shipyard .In 1961, it fully acquired the shipyard.

• located in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh.

• It was the first shipyard in India to be awarded ISO-9001


Hindustan Shipyard Ltd.

Government Sector {Ministry of Defence}

It basically comprises of two departments:

• Department of Defence Production (DDP).

• Department of Defence Research & Development (DDR&D).



• The Department of Defence Production was set up in 1962, in the aftermath of the Chinese aggression to create a self-reliant and self-sufficient indigenous defence production base .

• In November, 1965, Department

of Defence Supplies was created to forge linkages between the civil industries and defence production units.

• The Department of Defence

Production and Supplies has been renamed as Department of Defence Production w.e.f. January, 2004.

• Since 1962, 16 new Ordnance

Factories have been set up.


Department of Defence Production (DDP)

The following DPSUs are functioning under the administrative control of the Department:-

• Hindustan Aeronautics Limited

(HAL)• Bharat Electronics Limited

(BEL)• Bharat Earth Movers Limited

(BEML)• Mazagon Dock Ltd (MDL)• Goa Shipyard Limited (GSL)• Garden Reach Shipbuilders and

Engineers Limited (GRSE)• Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL)• Mishra Dhatu Nigam Limited

(MIDHANI)


• It was formed in 1958 by the merger of Technical Development Establishment and the Directorate of Technical Development and Production with the Defence Science Organisation.

• DRDO has a network of 51 laboratories which are deeply engaged in developing defence technologies covering various disciplines, like aeronautics, armaments, electronic and computer sciences, human resource development, life sciences, materials, missiles, combat vehicles development and naval research and development.

• The organization includes more than 5,000 scientists and about 25,000 other scientific, technical and supporting personnel.


Department of Defence Research & Development (DDR&D)

{Defence Research & Development Organisation}



Works (DDP and DDR&D)

Government Sector {Ministry of Aviation}

The Ministry of Civil Aviation is the nodal Ministry responsible for the formulation of national policies and programmes for development and regulation of Civil Aviation. It handles the following :

• Air India

• Indian Airlines

• Pawan Hans Helicopters



• Air India was founded by J. R. D. Tata in 1932 as Tata Airlines, a division of Tata Sons Ltd. (now Tata Group).

• Air India is state-owned, and administered as part of the National Aviation Company of India Limited .

• It is an International Airline focusing on international routes.

• It has Boeing 747,777; Airbus A310 in its fleet.

• Has annual recruitment of 17 mechanical engineers of the total 57 recruited as junior engineers. (as per 2008)


Air India


• It was setup in 1953 with the merger of 7 different companies.

• This airline based in Delhi, India and focuses primarily on domestic routes, along with several international services to neighbouring countries in Asia.

• Indian Airlines is state-owned, and is administered by the Ministry of Civil Aviation.

• Recruits about 60 engineers as junior engineers annually.


Indian Airlines


• Pawan Hans was incorporated on October 15, 1985 as the Helicopter Corporation of India (HCL), the country's national helicopter company with the objective of providing helicopter support services to the oil sector for its off-shore exploration operations, services in remote areas and charter services for promotion of tourism.

• It is a Government owned enterprise with 78.5% in Government hands & 21.5% with ONGC.


Pawan Hans Helicopters

Government Sector {Ministry of Railways}

• The Mechanical Engineering Department looks after the mechanical needs of the railways.

• It has 44 Workshops & 6 Manufacturing Units all over India.

• The Indian Railway Service of Mechanical Engineering (IRSME) is a cadre of the Government of India. The officers of this service are responsible for managing the Mechanical Engineering Organisation of the Indian Railways .

• The recruitment is done through 2 exams namely : 1. Engineering Services Exam2. SCRA (Special Class Railway Apprentice)


{Mechanical Engineering Dept. (PU&W)}

{Indian Railway Service of Mechanical Engineers}

Government Sector {The Navratna Companies}

As of December 1 , 2008

• Bharat Electronics Limited • Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited • Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited • Coal India Limited • GAIL (India) Limited • Hindustan Aeronautics Limited • Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited • Indian Oil Corporation Limited • Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited • National Aluminum Company Limited • NMDC Limited • NTPC Limited • Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited • Power Finance Corporation Limited • Power Grid Corporation of India Limited • Rural Electrification Corporation Limited • Shipping Corporation of India Limited • Steel Authority of India Limited



• Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) is the largest engineering and manufacturing enterprise in India in the energy-related and infrastructure sector which includes Power, Railways, Telecom, Transmission and Distribution, Oil and Gas sectors and many more.

• BHEL manufacturing units are at Bhopal, Ranipur, Haridwar, Jhansi, Tiruchirapalli, Ranipet, Bengaluru, Jagdishpur & Goindwal .

• BHEL products are steam turbine, gas turbine, steam generators, HRSG- Heat Recovery Steam Generator, locomotives, pumps, motors, valves, boiler drums

& various other products .


Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd. (BHEL)


• Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL) is one of India's largest PSU companies, with Global Fortune 500 rank of 287 (2008).

• It is involved in the refining and retailing of petroleum products.

• BPCL has Refineries at Mumbai and Kochi (Kochi Refineries) with a capacity of 12 Million Metric Tonnes (MMT) and 7.5 MMTPA respectively for refining crude oil. BPCL's subsidiary at Numaligarh has a capacity of 3 MMT.


Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd. (BPCL)

Government Sector {the Navratna Companies}

• 6,700 km of Natural Gas high pressure trunk pipeline with a capacity to carry 148 MMSCMD of natural gas across the country .

• 7 LPG Gas Processing Units to produce 1.2 MMTPA of LPG and other liquid hydrocarbons .

• North India's only gas based integrated Petrochemical complex at Pata with a capacity of producing 4,10,000 TPA of polymers .

• 27 oil and gas Exploration blocks and 3 Coal Bed Methane Blocks .


Gas Authority of India Ltd. (Gail)

GAIL (India) Limited, is India's flagship Natural Gas company, integrating all aspects of the Natural Gas value chain (including Exploration & Production,

Processing, Transmission, Distribution and Marketing) and its related services.


• Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), based in Bangalore, India, is one of Asia's largest aerospace companies.

• It is mainly involved in aerospace industry, which includes manufacturing and assembling aircraft, navigation and related communication equipment, as well as operating airports.

• Its achievements include developing & manufacturing of Tejas, Hawk & Dhruv .

• It also upgrades & manufactures jaguars, su-30 mki’s & mig-29’s for the Indian air force .

Mechanical Engineering and India Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd. (HAL)


• The Corporation operates 2 major refineries producing a wide variety of petroleum fuels & specialties, one in Mumbai (West Coast) of 5.5 MMTPA capacity and the other in Visakhapatnam, (East Coast) with a capacity of 7.5 MMTPA.

• HPCL also owns and operates the largest Lube Refinery in the country producing Lube Base Oils of international standards. With a capacity of 335 TMT. This Lube Refinery accounts for over 40% of the India's total Lube Base Oil production.


Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd (HPCL)


• It is India’s largest commercial enterprise, ranking 116th on the Fortune Global 500 listing (2008).

• The Indian Oil Group of Companies owns and operates 10 of India's 19 refineries with a combined refining capacity of 60.2 million metric tons per year.

• Indian Oil operates the largest and the widest network of fuel stations in the country, numbering about 17606.

• It reaches Indane cooking gas to over 47.5 million households through a network of 4,990 Indian distributors.


Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. (IOCL)


• Indian public sector petroleum company. It is a Fortune Global 500 company ranked 335th, and contributes 77% of India's crude oil production and 81% of India's natural gas production.

• ONGC is engaged in exploration and production activities. It is involved in exploring for and exploiting hydrocarbons in 26 sedimentary basins of India. It produces about 30% of India's crude oil requirement. It owns and operates more than 11,000 kilometers of pipelines in India.

• Its major resources are various sites in Assam & Bombay High.


Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Ltd (ONGC)


• NTPC Limited (Formerly National Thermal Power Corporation) is the largest power generation company in India. Forbes Global 2000 for 2008 ranked it 411th in the world.

• NTPC's core business is engineering, construction and operation of power generating plants and providing consultancy to power utilities in India and abroad.

• NTPC also owns 15 Coal Based Plants (23,895 MW) & 7 Gas/Liquefied Fuel Based Plants (3,955 MW).


National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC)


• Asia's largest, and one of the world's leading and the sixth largest, integrated aluminum complex, encompassing bauxite mining, alumina refining, aluminum smelting and casting, power generation, rail and port operations.

• The main units of NALCO are at Damanjodi (Mines & Refinery complex) and Nalconagar-Angul (Smelter & Power Plant Complex).


National Aluminum Company (NALCO)


• SAIL was featured in the 2008 list of Forbes Global 2000 companies at position 647.

• With an annual production of 13.5 million metric tons, SAIL is the 16th largest steel producer in the world.

• Major plants owned by SAIL are located at Bhilai, Bokaro, Durgapur, Rourkela, Burnpur (near Asansol) and Salem.


Steel Authority of India Ltd. (SAIL)

Private Sector

• Hindustan motors

• Maruti Udyog

• Hero Honda

• Bajaj Auto

• Tata Industries

• Reliance Petroleum


Private Sector

• It is part of the Birla Technical Services Industrial Group.

• It is the producer of the famous Ambassador car, widely used as a taxicab and as a government limousine.

• It has a joint venture with Mitsubishi (Lancer & Pajero)

• It has plants at Uttarpara (U.P.); Pithampur (M.P.); Thiruvallur & Hosur (T.N.)


Hindustan Motors

Private Sector

• It is a leading four-wheeler automobile manufacturer in South Asia. Suzuki Motor Corporation of Japan holds a majority stake in the company.

• Till now launched more than 12 cars with more than 20 models.

• Major products are Maruti 800 (’93), Omni (’84), Wagon-r (’99), Alto (y2k), Swift (’05) & Grand Vitara (’07).


Maruti Udyog

Private Sector

• Hero Honda is a joint venture that began in 1984 between the Hero Group of India and Honda of Japan.

• 3rd largest manufacturer of motor-cycles after Honda & Yamaha.

• Has plants at Dharuhera & Gurgaon in Haryana & Haridwar in Uttarakhand.


Hero Honda

Private Sector

• It is India's largest and the world's 4th largest two- and three-wheeler maker.

• It is based in Pune, Maharashtra, with plants in Akurdi and Chakan (near Pune), Waluj (near Aurangabad) and Pantnagar in Uttarakhand.

• This company shot to fame with its punch line of “Hamara Bajaj” for its

scooters Bajaj Chetak & Bajaj Super.


Bajaj Auto

Private Sector

• Tata Steel annually produces 9 million tonnes of steel in India and 21.4 million tonnes overseas, making it the fifth largest steel producer in the world.

• Its main plant is located in Jamshedpur, Jharkhand which produced a record-breaking 5.0 million tonnes of salable steel in 2007-08.

• Took over Anglo Dutch steel maker CORUS in a £6.7 billion deal.


Tata Steel

Private Sector

• It is India's largest passenger automobile and commercial vehicle manufacturing company.

• Tata Motors has its manufacturing base in Jamshedpur, Pantnagar, Lucknow, Ahmedabad and Pune.

• Has bought Daewoo's trucks & Ford’s Jaguar & Land Rover.


Tata Motors

Private Sector

• Refining activities of Reliance Industries Limited are carried out at the Jamnagar refinery complex with refining capacity of 27 million tonnes per annum (540,000 barrels per day).

• The Company's refinery at Jamnagar is the third largest refinery at a single location in the world.


Reliance Petroleum

Future Prospects

The future of Mechanical Engineering is very bright. Being the core field of engineering it will always be needed in various other fields of engineering.

In India, till 2015, big guns like Arcelor Mittal & Tata steel are planning to invest 7000 crores. In the PSU’s NALCO & SAIL will be jointly investing 40,000 crores in developing and starting various manufacturing units.

World Market is too not far behind with all the big corporate houses having set their feet in this field.

All this is due to the rapid rate of advancement in the field of Mechanical technology.

The Final Briefing

Thanks…..

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