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Page 1: MBTI

Job attitudes

Page 2: MBTI

Types of Job Attitudes

Job Involvement

Identifying with the job, actively participating in it, and considering performance important to self-worth

Organizational Commitment

Identifying with a particular organization and its goals, and wishing to maintain membership in the organization (Affective, Normative, and Continuance Commitment)

Job Satisfaction

A collection of positive and/or negative feelings that an individual holds toward his or her job

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© 2007 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.

Types of Attitudes, cont’d

Employee Engagement An individual’s involvement with, satisfaction with, and enthusiasm for the organization

Perceived Organizational Support (POS)

Degree to which employees feel the organization cares about their well-being

Deviant workplace Behaviour

An individual’s indulging in destructive behaviour

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How Employees Can Express Dissatisfaction

Exit

Behavior directed toward leaving the organization

Voice

Active and constructive attempts to improve conditions

Neglect

Allowing conditions to worsen

Loyalty

Passively waiting for conditions to improve

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Values

Basic convictions on how to conduct yourself or how to live your life that is personally or socially preferable – “How To” live life properly.Attributes of Values:Content Attribute – that the mode of conduct or end-

state is importantIntensity Attribute – just how important that content is.

Value SystemA person’s values rank ordered by intensityTends to be relatively constant and consistent

© 2009 Prentice-Hall Inc. All rights reserved.

4-5

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Importance of ValuesProvide understanding of the attitudes,

motivation, and behaviors

Influence our perception of the world around us

Represent interpretations of “right” and “wrong”

Imply that some behaviors or outcomes are preferred over others

© 2009 Prentice-Hall Inc. All rights reserved.

4-6

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Classifying Values – Rokeach Value SurveyTerminal Values

Desirable end-states of existence; the goals that a person would like to achieve during his or her lifetime

Instrumental ValuesPreferable modes of behavior or means of achieving one’s

terminal values

People in same occupations or categories tend to hold similar valuesBut values vary between groupsValue differences make it difficult for groups to negotiate

and may create conflict4-7

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Value Differences Between Groups

© 2009 Prentice-Hall Inc. All rights reserved.

4-8

Source: Based on W. C. Frederick and J. Weber, “The Values of Corporate Managers and Their Critics: An Empirical Description and Normative Implications,” in W. C. Frederick and L. E. Preston (eds.) Business Ethics: Research Issues and Empirical Studies (Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 1990), pp. 123–44.

E X H I B I T 4–4

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MBTI

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MBTI HistoryThe Myers-Briggs Type Indicator® was developed by

Isabel Briggs Myers and her mother, Katharine Cook Briggs, to make C.G. Jung's theory of psychological type practical and useful in people's lives.

MBTI is one of the most widely used personality instruments in the world. Its ease of use, high statistical validity and reliability make it one the most respected personality instruments that exist.

The test/retest measurement is very accurate, in 75% of cases, individuals will test the same in 3 of the 4 dimensions.

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Application of MBTI in organizational context

The MBTI has applications in diagnosing organisational issues, teamwork (particularly quality systems), communication, counselling, careers, strategic thinking, performance appraisal, leadership and stress management

Organizations themselves also have a type. The type code can be a shorthand for the way things are done around here e.g. a bank that is procedures driven hierarchical bottom line operation can be described as ISTJ; an entrepreneurial, flexible actively changing organization like a merchant bank can be seen as ENTP

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Dimensions

4 dimensions4*4 sub dimensions

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Flow of energy

Extraverted: Outward Focus

Social ableOutgoingFriendlyNeed to expend their

energy to the outside world.

They focus on the "object”

Introverted-Inward FocusReserved private quietneed to expend their

energy internally have their share of

private time to recharge their batteries

They focus on the "subject".

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Information collecting style

Sensors: Focus on what is tangible

DiscreetPresentRealisticActualFactSpecific

Intuitive : Focus on what is abstract

RandomFutureConceptualTheoreticalFantasyGeneral

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Decision making style

THINKING: Focus on logic

Far more critical and analytical

judgments based of subjective logic (or personal biases).

decisions without including their personal beliefs and values

Approach most situations more "scientifically”

Firm MindedDetached

FEELING: Focus on emotions

decisions subjectivelymore in tune with others

'feelings and emotional needs than thinkers

Are not as well developed logically

expend lots of energy in their desire to meet and understand other peoples' emotional state.

Tender HeartedHumane

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Lifestyle that we prefer-orientations

PRECIEVING: Focus on flexibility

Pending Wait and SeeFlexibleAdaptOpennessTentative

What deadlines? Spontaneous

JUDGER -Focus on decision

ResolvedDecidedFixedDifficulty in adapting ClosedDefiniteDeadline schedule

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Various Personality Types

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ISTJ - The Duty Fulfillers

Serious and quiet, interested in security and peaceful living.

Extremely thorough, responsible, and dependable. Well-developed powers of concentration. Usually interested in supporting and promoting traditions

and establishments. Well-organized and hard working, they work steadily towards identified goals.

They can usually accomplish any task once they have set their mind to it.

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ISTP - The Mechanics

Quiet and reserved, interested in how and why things work.

Excellent skills with mechanical things. Risk-takers who they live for the moment.

Usually interested in and talented at extreme sports. Uncomplicated in their desires.

Loyal to their peers and to their internal value systems, but not overly concerned with respecting laws and rules if they get in the way of getting something done.

Detached and analytical, they excel at finding solutions to practical problems.

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ISFJ - The Nurturers

Quiet, kind, and conscientious. Can be depended on to follow through.

Usually puts the needs of others above their own needs. Stable and practical, they value security and traditions. Well-developed sense of space and function. Rich inner world of observations about people. Extremely perceptive of other's feelings. Interested in

serving others.

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ISFP- The Artists Quiet, serious, sensitive and kind. Do not like conflict, and not likely to do things which may

generate conflict. Loyal and faithful. Extremely well-developed senses, and

aesthetic appreciation for beauty. Not interested in leading or controlling others. Flexible and open-minded. Likely to be original and creative. Enjoy the present

moment.

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INFJ- The Protectors

Quietly forceful, original, and sensitive. Tend to stick to things until they are done. Extremely intuitive about people, and concerned for their

feelings. Well-developed value systems which they strictly adhere

to. Well-respected for their perseverance in doing the right

thing. Likely to be individualistic, rather than leading or

following.

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INFP -The Idealists

Quiet, reflective, and idealistic. Interested in serving humanity.

Well-developed value system, which they strive to live in accordance with.

Extremely loyal. Adaptable and laid-back unless a strongly-held value is

threatened. Usually talented writers. Mentally quick, and able to see

possibilities. Interested in understanding and helping people.

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INTJ- The Scientists Independent, original, analytical, and determined. Have an exceptional ability to turn theories into solid

plans of action. Highly value knowledge, competence, and structure.

Driven to derive meaning from their visions. Long-range thinkers.

Have very high standards for their performance, and the performance of others.

Natural leaders, but will follow if they trust existing leaders.

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INTP -The Thinkers

Logical, original, creative thinkers. Can become very excited about theories and ideas.

Exceptionally capable and driven to turn theories into clear understandings. Highly value knowledge, competence and logic.

Quiet and reserved, hard to get to know well. Individualistic, having no interest in leading or following

others.

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ESTP-The Doers

Friendly, adaptable, action-oriented. "Doers" who are focused on immediate results.

Living in the here-and-now, they're risk-takers who live fast-paced lifestyles. Impatient with long explanations.

Extremely loyal to their peers, but not usually respectful of laws and rules if they get in the way of getting things done.

Great people skills.

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ESTJ-The Guardians

Practical, traditional, and organized. Likely to be athletic. Not interested in theory or abstraction unless they see the practical application.

Have clear visions of the way things should be. Loyal and hard-working. Like to be in charge. Exceptionally capable in organizing and running

activities. "Good citizens" who value security and peaceful living.

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ESFP-The Performers

People-oriented and fun-loving, they make things more fun for others by their enjoyment.

Living for the moment, they love new experiences. They dislike theory and impersonal analysis. Interested in serving others. Likely to be the center of attention in social situations. Well-developed common sense and practical ability.

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ESFJ -The Caregivers

Warm-hearted, popular, and conscientious. Tend to put the needs of others over their own needs. Feel strong sense of responsibility and duty. Value traditions and security. Interested in serving

others. Need positive reinforcement to feel good about themselves.

Well-developed sense of space and function.

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ENFP-The Inspirers

Enthusiastic, idealistic, and creative. Able to do almost anything that interests them. Great people skills. Need to live life in accordance with their inner values. Excited by new ideas, but bored with details. Open-minded and flexible, with a broad range of

interests and abilities.

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ENFJ -The Givers

Popular and sensitive, with outstanding people skills. Externally focused, with real concern for how others

think and feel. Usually dislike being alone. They see everything from the human angle, and dislike

impersonal analysis. Very effective at managing people issues, and leading

group discussions. Interested in serving others, and probably place the

needs of others over their own needs

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ENTP- The Visionaries

Creative, resourceful, and intellectually quick. Good at a broad range of things. Enjoy debating issues, and may be into "one-up-man

ship". They get very excited about new ideas and projects, but

may neglect the more routine aspects of life. Generally outspoken and assertive. They enjoy people and are stimulating company. Excellent ability to understand concepts and apply logic

to find solutions.

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ENTJ- The Executives

Assertive and outspoken - they are driven to lead. Excellent ability to understand difficult organizational

problems and create solid solutions. Intelligent and well-informed, they usually excel at public

speaking. They value knowledge and competence, and usually

have little patience with inefficiency or disorganization

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