May17.what is edtech 280T

What is Educational Technology?

Rob Darrow, Ed.D.

EDL 280T, Ed Tech

May 2013

Rob’s Wiki: http://robdarrow.wikispaces.com

Introductions Me: Director, Member Services, iNACOL

(www.inacol.org). Retired online school principal, doctorate, consultant (www.onlinelearningvisions.com), father of a 22-year-old, My online learning journey

You: Your dissertation topic and your career goal?

Relationships and networking are more important than

technology

Relationships transform people

Teachers are the most important people in the implementation of any technology

Teachers are more important than technology

A little tech history

Life was easier when there were no books Find the generation ppt

“Our teacher is getting smarter…Yesterday she gave us homework we couldn’t even find on the Internet.”

Today in 2013

High School Graduate, Age 18 Born in 1995

August 16, 2007

In 1990

Personal computers are 15 years old

Tim Berners-Lee writes World Wide Web program

August 16, 2007

First Grade - 1996

Palm Pilot goes onthe market

August 16, 2007

J: romeo u thereR: yo wassupJ: nothin’, u?R: skool sucked 2dayJ: heard wylander got mad at uR: what a jerk i used purpl ink on the sci test and he got pissed he lookjs like jimminy cricktJ: lolR: going to nicks partyJ: cant i’m groundedR: yJ: cardoza called home, sez im failig Spanish btw my rents hate uR: mine hate u 2J: my dads coming gtgR: k byeJ: xoxoxoxo bye see u tmwR: xoxoxoxoxoxoxo gtgJ: k

Instant Messaging, 1997

August 16, 2007

Fourth Grade - 1999 Sean Fanning creates Napster

August 16, 2007

Middle School - 2001

Wikipedia - 2001

August 16, 2007

Middle School - 2001

August 16, 2007

Cellphones – Middle school years

In 2004 – 45% online teens have a cellphone

In 2006, 66% of online teens have a cellphone

68% of cellphone owners txt (2006)

August 16, 2007

Middle School - 2003

Skype - 2003

August 16, 2007

High School - 2004

Podcasts – 2004

August 16, 2007

2004

Photosharing sites:

Flickr

Photobucket

etc

August 16, 2007

Today’s Teen –2005

YouTube – 2005

August 16, 2007

2005-2006

The Year of MySpace:

More than 100 million accounts created

Third most popular site in the U.S. (after Yahoo and Google)

55% of online teens use social networking sites

Of those who use social networking, 48% log on to the sites at least once a day or more

August 16, 2007

Today – 2007 - 2013

What has happened in the last 5 years?

August 16, 2007

What are our future predictions?

Background – National Trends

** Online Schools ** Enrollment increases

30% per year

** Charter Schools ** Enrollment increases 11% - 20% per year

Two educational trends challenging traditional education:

One Other National Trend:Static Dropout Rates

Three out of every ten students do not graduate from high school.

The Challenge for the Nation

Source: EPE 2007; Greene 2002

About half of those who graduate are not college- and work-ready.

Research and Dropouts

“Lack of school success is probably the greatest single cause which impels pupils to

drop out of school.” Ayres (1909). Laggards in our schools.

Research Studies - California

Darrow (2010). Online charter schools and at-risk students

Schwirzke (2011). Perspectives about online learning from superintendents

California 13% of the total U.S. K-12 public

school student enrollment 20% of the U.S. public charter

school enrollment Top rated state regarding

charter school law and policy

National Alliance for Public Charter Schools (2010)

Recommendations (Schwirzke, 2011)

State policies need to be developed to: Identify standard definitions for online and

blended learning Create a framework for online and blended

learning Change to a funding model for online courses

that allows fractional per-pupil funds to follow students down to the individual course, not just the full-time program

Recommendations (Darrow, 2010)

Need a uniform way to count online school students

Innovation grants and research grants needed for online learning in California

Common standards for K-12 online learning should be adopted

Ongoing finance model for online schools needed in California; current school funding finance models don’t fit with online courses

Defining Terms Traditional Learning

attend courses daily in face-to-face setting Online Learning

attend courses online where 70% instruction is online

Blended Learning attend courses online where 30% instruction

is online Charter School

independently operated public schools of choice

Online Programs

Computer Assisted Computer assessment and

computer placed Complete lesson (teacher in a

box) Multiple choice test (Pass,

continue; Fail, repeat) Adult facilitated (credentialed

or classified) Education 2020 Plato Apex Learning

Teacher Lead Teacher places students Teacher at end of every course Students advance based on

teacher assessment (some may be multiple choice)

Online interaction (e.g. discussion boards, synchronous online lessons/office hours)

K-12, Inc. Florida Virtual School Connections Academy

What was school like for you?

Teaching ?

Learning ?

Curriculum ?

We are pretty clear

Face-to-Face Teaching

Students in classroom Teacher in classroom Interaction face-to-face,

mostly verbal, some visual

Fixed schedule of classes to attend

Prescribed curriculum based on standards / use of textbooks

Online Teaching

Students online Teacher online (minimal

face-to-face interaction) Interaction online video

conferencing, email – more visual, less verbal

Flexible schedule for work completion

Prescribed curriculum based on standards / text

From Textbook to Online Teaching

Online Teaching

Textbook EnhancedTeaching

TechnologyEnhancedTeaching

Web / Online Enhanced Teaching

Confusion about“blended learning?”

Two definitions: Blended learning should be viewed as a pedagogical

approach that combines the effectiveness and socialization opportunities of the classroom with the technologically enhanced active learning possibilities of the online environment,

• Dziuban, Hartman and Moskal (2004)

Blended learning “combines face-to-face learning with computer mediated learning.”  (Bonk and Graham, 2006.  Handbook of blended learning: Global perspectives, local designs. http://www.publicationshare.com/).

Another definition

“Blended learning is a formal education program in which a student learns at least in part through online delivery of content and instructionwith some element of student control over time, place, path, and/or pace and at least in part at a supervised brick-and-mortar location away from home.”

(Horn & Staker, 2012)

Allen, I. E., Seaman, J., & Garrett, R. (2007). Blending in: The extent and promise of blended education in the United States. Newburyport, MA: The Sloan Consortium. http://www.sloan-c.org/publications/survey/blended06

Why does this matter?

The goal is student achievement, but…if we don’t know what “it” looks like: We can’t measure it We can’t study it (researchers) We don’t know if it’s making a difference We can’t teach it to others

From Textbook to Online Teaching

Online Teaching

Textbook EnhancedTeaching

TechnologyEnhancedTeaching

Web / Online Enhanced Teaching

What does “it” look like? Where do you fit?

Textbook enhanced teaching and learning

Technology enhanced (not online) Web/online enhanced Blended Online

What was there before textbooks?

McGuffey Reader 1841

When were the first textbooks in California?

Teaching and Learning What is the student

doing and where is the student?

What is the teacher doing and where is the teacher?

What and where is the content?

What does “it” look like?*Teacher vs. student control of

teaching and learning

Textbook enhanced teaching and learning

Technology enhanced (not online)

Web/online enhanced Blended Online

More teacher control

Shared control

More student control

What does “it” look like?*Teacher-centric vs. Student-centric

Textbook enhanced teaching and learning

Technology enhanced (not online)

Web/online enhanced Blended Online

More teacher centric

Combination

More student centric

What does “it” look like?*Control of time and pace

Textbook enhanced teaching and learning

Technology enhanced (not online)

Web/online enhanced Blended Online

Set time structure

Some Flexibility

Flexible

What does “it” look like?

Textbook enhanced teaching and learning

Technology enhanced (not online) Web/online enhanced Blended Online

Textbook Enhanced

Teacher Student Curriculum

Textbook EnhancedWhat is the student doing?• Sitting in a desk in a classroom• Writing on paper• Listening to teacher• Talking with peers

What is the teacher doing?• Standing in front of the

classroom• Directing Learning• Group discussions

What is the content?• Textbooks• Supplemental materials• Teacher created materials

Where is the content?• On paper• In the classroom• In a school library

Technology EnhancedTeacher Student Curriculum

Technology Enhanced

What is the student doing?• Sitting in a desk in a classroom• Writing on paper• Listening to teacher• Talking with peers• Using a shared or personal

computer

What is the teacher doing?• Standing in front of the classroom• Directing Learning• Group discussions

What is the content?• Textbooks• Supplemental materials• Teacher created materials• Computer (Word, Ppt, etc.)• Computer Program (loaded or

CD-Rom)

Where is the content?• On paper• In the classroom• In a school library• On a computer/digital white

board / doc camera, etc.

Web/Online EnhancedTeacher Student Curriculum

Web/Online EnhancedWhat is the student doing?• Sitting in a desk in a classroom• Writing on paper• Listening to teacher• Talking with peers• Using a shared or personal

computer

What is the teacher doing?• Standing in front of the classroom• Directing Learning• Group discussions• Assignments/activities online

What is the content?• Textbooks• Supplemental materials• Teacher created materials• Computer (Word, Ppt, etc.)• Computer Program (loaded or

CD-Rom)• Web• Computer led (e.g.

programmed math or English. Plato, Ed 2020)

Where is the content?• On paper• In the classroom• In a school library• On a computer/digital white

board / doc camera, etc.• Some Online

BlendedTeacher Student Curriculum

BlendedWhat is the student doing? (30% work online)• Sitting in a desk in a classroom

or computer lab• Using personal computer

online at home or other location

• Interacting with peers in person and online

What is the teacher doing? (30% interacting with students online)• Standing in front of the

classroom and interacting online

• Directing Learning• Meeting students in small

groups (f2f and online)• Developing/assigning online

lessons• Grading online

What is the content?• Textbooks• Supplemental materials• Teacher created materials• Computer (Word, Ppt, etc.)• Computer Program (loaded or

CD-Rom)• Web• Computer led (e.g.

programmed math or English)

Where is the content?• On paper• In the classroom• In a school library• On a computer/digital white

board / doc camera, etc.• Online (computer led or

teacher led content)

OnlineTeacher Student Curriculum

OnlineWhat is the student doing? (70% or more work online)• Sitting in a desk in a classroom or

computer lab• Using personal computer online at

home or school or other location• Interacting with teacher in person

and/or online• Interacting with teacher in person

and/or online

What is the teacher doing? (70% or more interacting with students online)• Standing in front of the classroom• Directing Learning• Meeting students in small groups (f2f

and online)• Developing/assigning online lessons• Discussion Board• Online meetings/teaching (e.g.

Elluminate)• Grading online

What is the content?• Textbooks• Supplemental materials• Teacher created materials• Computer (Word, Ppt, etc.)• Computer Program (loaded or CD-Rom)• Web• Computer led (e.g. programmed math or

English)• Teacher led

Where is the content?• On paper• On a computer/digital white board / doc

camera, etc.• Online (computer led or teacher led

content)

iNacol – Updated Quality Online Teaching Standards – Blended Learning Continuum

**Students**

Less Online Instruction

More Online Instruction

Mostly Online Instruction

iNacol – Updated Quality Online Teaching Standards – Blended Learning Continuum

**Curriculum**

Less Online Instruction

More Online Instruction

Mostly Online Instruction

iNacol – Updated Quality Online Teaching Standards – Blended Learning Continuum

**Instructional Support**

Less Online Instruction

More Online Instruction

Mostly Online Instruction

iNacol Standards for Quality Online Courses (2011). http://www.inacol.org/research/nationalstandards/

A Quiz! - Practice

Students are told to take out their math books and turn to p. 45 to learn about adding fractions.

Quiz 1

Students must create a short video to demonstrate their learning about the Pythagorean Theorem in their Algebra course. Students put together the key points, add in their voice and background music and then upload the video to YouTube. The web address is posted in the assignment area for the teacher to grade.

Quiz 2

Students are directed by the teacher to go to the National Geographic website to complete the activity there about the different continents of the world. Students turn in the assignment digitally through the online classroom drop box.

Quiz 3

Students are working together on a wiki to identify the key concepts needed to know about when taking the Advanced Placement U.S. History exam. The students decide which students will focus on different topics and then set a time when they can meet online to review each part of the wiki.

Quiz 4

Students are presenting about what they learned about the Battle of Gettysburg in the Civil War. They have created a PowerPoint and are advancing the slides on the digital white board in the front of the classroom. In addition, each student listening has a “clicker” to answer questions about the presentation while the students are presenting.

Where are the majority of schools today?

Everyone will become blended with time

Questions? Contact

Rob’s Wiki: http://robdarrow.wikispaces.com