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MATERIAL STUDY BY ADITYA SINGH 3 rd SEM. B. ARCH. I.D. P.I.A.D.S
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Material study(sand,clay,gravel,silt)

Nov 22, 2014

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aditya singh

Gravel;-
Gravel is rock that is of a specific particle size range. Specifically, it is any loose rock that is larger than 2 mm (0.079 in) in its smallest dimension (about 1/12 of an inch) and no more than 64 mm (2.5 in). The next smaller size class in geology is sand, which is >0.0625 to 2 mm (0.0025 to 0.0787 in) in size. The next larger size is cobble, which is >64 to 256 mm (2.5 to 10.1 in). Gravel can be sub-categorized into granule (>2 to 4 mm/0.079 to 0.16 in) and pebble (>4 to 64 mm/0.16 to 2.5 in). One cubic yard of gravel typically weighs about 3000 pounds (or a cubic meter is about 1,800 kilograms).
Gravel is an important commercial product, with a number of applications. Many roadways are surfaced with gravel, especially in rural areas where there is little traffic. Globally, far more roads are surfaced with gravel than with concrete or tarmac; Russia alone has over 400,000 km (250,000 mi) of gravel-surfaced roads. Both sand and small gravel are also important for the manufacture of concrete

Silt:-
Silt is granular material of a grain size between sand and clay derived from soil or rock. Silt may occur as a soil or as suspended sediment (also known as suspended load) in a surface water body. It may also exist as soil deposited at the bottom of a water body.

Sand:-
Sand is a naturally occurring granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles. The composition of sand is highly variable, depending on the local rock sources and conditions, but the most common constituent of sand in inland continental settings and non-tropical coastal settings is silica (silicon dioxide, or SiO2 ), usually in the form of quartz.

Clay:-
Clay is a naturally occurring material composed primarily of fine-grained minerals. Clay deposits are mostly composed of clay minerals, a sub type of physiological minerals, which impart plasticity and harden when fired or dried; they also may contain variable amounts of water trapped in the mineral structure by polar attraction. Organic materials which do not impart plasticity may also be a part of clay deposits.
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Page 1: Material study(sand,clay,gravel,silt)

MATERIAL STUDY

BY ADITYA SINGH3 rd SEM. B. ARCH.

I.D.P.I.A.D.S DESIGN

Page 2: Material study(sand,clay,gravel,silt)

GRAVEL SAND

SILT CLAY

MATERIAL TO STUDY :-

Page 3: Material study(sand,clay,gravel,silt)

GRAVEL

1. Gravel is rock that is of a specific particle size range

2.  It is any loose rock that is larger than 2 mm (0.079 in) in its smallest dimension (about 1/12 of an inch) and no more than 64 mm (2.5 in).

3. Types4. 1. Bank gravel: 2. Bench gravel 3. Creek rock 4. Crushed rock 5. Fine gravel etc. . . . . .

Page 4: Material study(sand,clay,gravel,silt)

1. Stone and different types and size are found. 2. Natural action of river and waves tends to pile up large and small GRAVEL. 3. It is Brownish and Redish in color.4. It is Hard rock and little smooth surface5. It is a important commercial product. 6. It is used in ROADWAYS are Surface with GRAVEL. 7. Also used as concrete in constructions.

Page 5: Material study(sand,clay,gravel,silt)

SAND

1. Sand is a naturally occurring granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles.

2. sand particles range in diameter from 0.0625mm (or 1⁄16 mm, or 62.5 micrometers) to 2 millimeters.

3. The most common constituent of sand, in inland continental settings and non-tropical coastal settings, is silica (silicon dioxide, or SiO2).

Page 6: Material study(sand,clay,gravel,silt)

Sand from Pismo Beach, California. Components are primarily quartz, chert,igneous rock and shell fragments. Scale bar is 1.0 mm

Sand from Coral Pink Sand Dunes State Park, Utah. These are grains of quartz with a hematite coating providing the orange color. Scale bar is 1.0 mm.Sand sorting tower at a gravel extraction pit

Page 7: Material study(sand,clay,gravel,silt)

SILT

1. Silt is granular material of a grain size between sand and clay derived from soil or rock. Silt may occur as a soil or as suspended sediment (also known as suspended load) in a surfacewater body. It may also exist as soil deposited at the bottom of a water body.

2. Silt is easily transported in water or other liquids and is fine enough to be carried long distances by air in the form of dust.

3. Silts are very fine material as compare with sand.

Page 8: Material study(sand,clay,gravel,silt)

Silt deposits around house and car in New Orleans left by flooding from a breach in theLondon Avenue Canal

Silt brick are used in construction in modern constructions

Silt floor in DUBAI.

Page 9: Material study(sand,clay,gravel,silt)

CLAY

1. Clay is a naturally occurring material composed primarily of fine-grained minerals.

2. Which impart plasticity and harden when fired or dried.

3. Clay minerals are typically formed over long periods of time by the gradual chemical weathering of rocks, usually silicate-bearing, by low concentrations of carbonic acid and other diluted solvents.

Page 10: Material study(sand,clay,gravel,silt)

Clay layers in a construction site. Dry clay is normally much more stable than sand with regard to excavations.