Mark Schubin, HPA “Visions of the Future,” 2009 February 17 Mark Schubin, HPA “Visions of the Future,” 2009 February 17 1 Known Un-Owneds: Known Un-Owneds: What We Know We Don’t Yet What We Know We Don’t Yet Have Have Digital Digital & HD TV & HD TV Pioneer Pioneer and Poet and Poet of the of the Known Known Un- Un- Owneds, Owneds, Donald Donald Rumsfeld Rumsfeld
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Mark Schubin, HPA “Visions of the Future,” 2009 February 17 1 Known Un-Owneds: What We Know We Don’t Yet Have Digital & HD TV Pioneer and Poet of the KnownUn-Owneds,DonaldRumsfeld.
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Mark Schubin, HPA “Visions of the Future,” 2009 February 17 Mark Schubin, HPA “Visions of the Future,” 2009 February 17 11
Known Un-Owneds:Known Un-Owneds:What We Know We Don’t Yet What We Know We Don’t Yet
HaveHave
DigitalDigital& HD TV& HD TVPioneerPioneerand Poetand Poetof theof theKnown Known Un-Un-Owneds,Owneds,DonaldDonaldRumsfeldRumsfeld
Mark Schubin, HPA “Visions of the Future,” 2009 February 17 Mark Schubin, HPA “Visions of the Future,” 2009 February 17 22
Movies & TVMovies & TV
Stimulate Sight and HearingStimulate Sight and Hearing
And?And?
Mark Schubin, HPA “Visions of the Future,” 2009 February 17 Mark Schubin, HPA “Visions of the Future,” 2009 February 17 33
Five Five Senses?Senses? Hearing Hearing (audio)(audio)
Vision – We Already Have Vision – We Already Have HDHD19531953
3-D TV3-D TVglassesglasses
Mark Schubin, HPA “Visions of the Future,” 2009 February 17 Mark Schubin, HPA “Visions of the Future,” 2009 February 17 55
Perception is LearnedPerception is Learned
Kittens deprived from birth Kittens deprived from birth of a particular type stimulusof a particular type stimuluscannot perceive that type cannot perceive that type stimulus until it is learnedstimulus until it is learned
Mark Schubin, HPA “Visions of the Future,” 2009 February 17 Mark Schubin, HPA “Visions of the Future,” 2009 February 17 66
Human Perceptions EvolveHuman Perceptions Evolve
18951895L’arrivL’arrivéée d’un traine d’un trainen gare de La Ciotaten gare de La Ciotat
19191919Edison “Tone Test”Edison “Tone Test”
Mark Schubin, HPA “Visions of the Future,” 2009 February 17 Mark Schubin, HPA “Visions of the Future,” 2009 February 17 77
Human Perceptions EvolveHuman Perceptions Evolve
18951895L’arrivL’arrivéée d’un traine d’un trainen gare de La Ciotaten gare de La Ciotat
““One of my neighbors One of my neighbors was so much was so much captivated that she captivated that she sprung to her feet... sprung to her feet... and waited until the and waited until the car disappeared before car disappeared before she sat down again” – she sat down again” – Henri de Parville, 1895Henri de Parville, 1895
Mark Schubin, HPA “Visions of the Future,” 2009 February 17 Mark Schubin, HPA “Visions of the Future,” 2009 February 17 88
Human Perceptions EvolveHuman Perceptions Evolve
19191919Edison “Tone Test”Edison “Tone Test”
"It did not seem difficult "It did not seem difficult to determine in the dark to determine in the dark
when the singer sang when the singer sang and when she did not. and when she did not. The writer himself was The writer himself was
pretty sure about it until pretty sure about it until the lights were turned on the lights were turned on
again and it was again and it was discovered that [the discovered that [the
singer] was not on the singer] was not on the stage at all and that the stage at all and that the
new Edison alone had new Edison alone had been heard.“been heard.“
Pittsburgh PostPittsburgh Post
Mark Schubin, HPA “Visions of the Future,” 2009 February 17 Mark Schubin, HPA “Visions of the Future,” 2009 February 17 99
Human Resolution Theory - Human Resolution Theory - 18621862
Mark Schubin, HPA “Visions of the Future,” 2009 February 17 Mark Schubin, HPA “Visions of the Future,” 2009 February 17 1010
Resolution and Viewing Resolution and Viewing DistanceDistance
1 arc minute = 30 cycles per degree 1 arc minute = 30 cycles per degree (cpd) (cpd)
NTSC NTSC ≈≈ 480 active lines = 8 480 active lines = 8°° 88°° = 7.15 x the picture height (PH) = 7.15 x the picture height (PH) Similarly, 1080 lines = 18Similarly, 1080 lines = 18° = 3.16 x ° = 3.16 x
PHPH 4K ≈ 36° = 1.54 x PH4K ≈ 36° = 1.54 x PH UDTV: 4320 lines = 72° = 0.69 x PHUDTV: 4320 lines = 72° = 0.69 x PH
for 9’ viewing distance, screen height = for 9’ viewing distance, screen height = 13’13’
LechnerLechnerDistanceDistance
9 feet9 feet
courtesy Warner Bros. Technical Operationscourtesy Warner Bros. Technical Operations
Mark Schubin, HPA “Visions of the Future,” 2009 February 17 Mark Schubin, HPA “Visions of the Future,” 2009 February 17 1111
Problems with 30-cpd Problems with 30-cpd TheoryTheory
3 chart3 chart lineslines belowbelow 20/2020/20 April SMPTE April SMPTE Motion ImagingMotion Imaging Journal:Journal:NHK “Research on Human Factors in UHDTV”NHK “Research on Human Factors in UHDTV”
possible to distinguish between 78 and 156 cpdpossible to distinguish between 78 and 156 cpd 156 cpd is more than five times the 20/20 criterion156 cpd is more than five times the 20/20 criterion
““realness” is a function of image detailrealness” is a function of image detail rises rapidly to 50 cpd rises rapidly to 50 cpd continues rising through 156 cpdcontinues rising through 156 cpd
Bottom line: more rez worksBottom line: more rez works
higher-frequency contenthigher-frequency content
Mark Schubin, HPA “Visions of the Future,” 2009 February 17 Mark Schubin, HPA “Visions of the Future,” 2009 February 17 1212
20 40 60 80 100 LP/mm
100
MTF%
2/3-Inch HD2/3-Inch HD
(simplified from (simplified from Small Format HD Acquisition,Small Format HD Acquisition, Larry Thorpe, Canon, Larry Thorpe, Canon,
2005 SMPTE Fall Technical Conference)2005 SMPTE Fall Technical Conference)
But Lenses Have IssuesBut Lenses Have Issues2/3-inch 1080-line HD = 100 lp/mm2/3-inch 1080-line HD = 100 lp/mm
S35 “4K” S35 “4K” ≈ 60 lp/mm≈ 60 lp/mm2/3-inch 4320-line UD = 400 lp/mm2/3-inch 4320-line UD = 400 lp/mm1/6-inch 1080-line HD = 379 lp/mm1/6-inch 1080-line HD = 379 lp/mm
Mark Schubin, HPA “Visions of the Future,” 2009 February 17 Mark Schubin, HPA “Visions of the Future,” 2009 February 17 1313
lateral chromatic aberration correction via LUTlateral chromatic aberration correction via LUT
Mark Schubin, HPA “Visions of the Future,” 2009 February 17 Mark Schubin, HPA “Visions of the Future,” 2009 February 17 1414
DeconvolutionDeconvolution
from from The Scientist and Engineer’s Guide to Digital Signal Processing,The Scientist and Engineer’s Guide to Digital Signal Processing,by Steven W. Smith, Ph. D., California Technical Publishingby Steven W. Smith, Ph. D., California Technical Publishing
Mark Schubin, HPA “Visions of the Future,” 2009 February 17 Mark Schubin, HPA “Visions of the Future,” 2009 February 17 1515
ConvolutionsConvolutions Lens focusLens focus Camera Camera
shakingshaking Excess fogExcess fog
Multiple audio Multiple audio sourcessources
EchoesEchoes Room toneRoom toneknownknown
blindblind
Mark Schubin, HPA “Visions of the Future,” 2009 February 17 Mark Schubin, HPA “Visions of the Future,” 2009 February 17 1616
Holographic lensesHolographic lenses
Mark Schubin, HPA “Visions of the Future,” 2009 February 17 Mark Schubin, HPA “Visions of the Future,” 2009 February 17 1717
500-watt halogen light500-watt halogen light
Mark Schubin, HPA “Visions of the Future,” 2009 February 17 Mark Schubin, HPA “Visions of the Future,” 2009 February 17 1818
Imaging Dynamic RangeImaging Dynamic Range
10,000,000:1 (>23-stop) contrast ratio10,000,000:1 (>23-stop) contrast ratiocourtesy of Thomsoncourtesy of Thomson
Mark Schubin, HPA “Visions of the Future,” 2009 February 17 Mark Schubin, HPA “Visions of the Future,” 2009 February 17 1919
More Basic Known Un-More Basic Known Un-OwnedsOwneds Color gamutColor gamut
Why not Why not allall colors? colors?
DisplaysDisplays Direct stimulation of the visual cortexDirect stimulation of the visual cortex Eye projectionEye projection Eye-tracking for data reductionEye-tracking for data reduction Personal vs. communityPersonal vs. community
Sound imagingSound imaging heightheight
Mark Schubin, HPA “Visions of the Future,” 2009 February 17 Mark Schubin, HPA “Visions of the Future,” 2009 February 17 2020
High-Frame-Rate ViewingHigh-Frame-Rate Viewingpopped water balloonpopped water balloon
Vision Research Phantom V12Vision Research Phantom V12shoots 720p to ~7000 fpsshoots 720p to ~7000 fps
Field EmissionField EmissionTechnologiesTechnologies240-fps display240-fps display
Mark Schubin, HPA “Visions of the Future,” 2009 February 17 Mark Schubin, HPA “Visions of the Future,” 2009 February 17 2323
InteractivityInteractivity Are we storytelling or storymaking?Are we storytelling or storymaking? Choices rapidly grow: 2Choices rapidly grow: 22020=1,048,576=1,048,576
Mark Schubin, HPA “Visions of the Future,” 2009 February 17 Mark Schubin, HPA “Visions of the Future,” 2009 February 17 2424
Satellite Arts Project, 1975: GEO Satellite Arts Project, 1975: GEO latencylatency
World Opera Project, 2009: fiber World Opera Project, 2009: fiber latencylatency
Real time contrast compression, 1973Real time contrast compression, 1973 Multilingual live HD subtitling, 2007Multilingual live HD subtitling, 2007 Beyond-color imagingBeyond-color imagingMilitary, tooMilitary, too
Mark Schubin, HPA “Visions of the Future,” 2009 February 17 Mark Schubin, HPA “Visions of the Future,” 2009 February 17 2525
Sometimes Both TogetherSometimes Both Together
Mark Schubin, HPA “Visions of the Future,” 2009 February 17 Mark Schubin, HPA “Visions of the Future,” 2009 February 17 2626
Behind the ScenesBehind the Scenes
The storage bit bucketThe storage bit bucket buckets don’t care about formatbuckets don’t care about format
The universal IP address & The universal IP address & ubiquitous wirelessubiquitous wireless
Voice recognitionVoice recognition Thought control?Thought control?
Mark Schubin, HPA “Visions of the Future,” 2009 February 17 Mark Schubin, HPA “Visions of the Future,” 2009 February 17 2727