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Manifest Destiny Manifest Destiny America Claims a Continent
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Manifest Destiny America Claims a Continent. US and Texas Annexation First attempt in 1836 is rejected by the US Republic of Texas: Sam Houston First.

Dec 25, 2015

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Page 1: Manifest Destiny America Claims a Continent. US and Texas Annexation First attempt in 1836 is rejected by the US Republic of Texas: Sam Houston First.

Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny

AmericaClaims a Continent

Page 2: Manifest Destiny America Claims a Continent. US and Texas Annexation First attempt in 1836 is rejected by the US Republic of Texas: Sam Houston First.

US and Texas Annexation

First attempt in 1836 is rejected by the USRepublic of Texas:

Sam HoustonFirst President – 1836 – 1838Conservative – expected statehood and his administration reflected that expectation

Mirabeau B. LamarSecond President: 1838 – 1841Responded to Annexation rejection by preparing Texas as a western rival to the US – vigorously asserted Texas ___________ westward and on the high seasReceived recognition as a sovereign state by Britain, France, Belgium and The NetherlandsExponentially increased the debt of the Republic

Page 3: Manifest Destiny America Claims a Continent. US and Texas Annexation First attempt in 1836 is rejected by the US Republic of Texas: Sam Houston First.

Republic of Texas - 1846

Page 4: Manifest Destiny America Claims a Continent. US and Texas Annexation First attempt in 1836 is rejected by the US Republic of Texas: Sam Houston First.

US and Texas Annexation1837 - 1839

03 March 1837 – US recognizes Texas independence, the last act of Jackson as president11 March 1837 – Santa Anna, home in Mexico, renounces all guarantees made to the Republic of Texas as a condition to his restoration of freedom.27 March 1837 – U.S. Secretary of State reports that treaty agreements with Mexico prohibit the U.S.'s annexing Texas.1838 June/July – John Quincy Adams speaks against the annexation of Texas all morning, every morning in the U.S. House of Representatives.12 October 1838 – Texas withdraws the offer of annexation because of the U.S. Congress' lack of action on the proposal.23 January 1839 – Texas Congress passes joint resolution approving of President Sam Houston's withdrawal of annexation proposal.

Page 5: Manifest Destiny America Claims a Continent. US and Texas Annexation First attempt in 1836 is rejected by the US Republic of Texas: Sam Houston First.

US and Texas Annexation1844 – 1845

January 1844 – President Houston submits annexation question to Texas Congress, then instructs minister to the U.S. to resume annexation talks.11 April 1844 – An annexation treaty between the U.S. and Texas signed between the two diplomats.08 June 1844 – U.S. Senate rejects the treaty (35 to 16).25 January 1845 – Joint Resolution to annex Texas passes the U.S. House of Representatives.27 February 1845 – Joint Resolution, with amendments to be voted on by the house, passes U.S. Senate (27 to 25).28 February 1845 – House adopts senate version of the joint resolution to annex the Republic of Texas (132 to 76).01 March 1845 – President Polk signs annexation resolution.03 March 1845 – Annexation offer sent to Texas president Anson Jones.

Page 6: Manifest Destiny America Claims a Continent. US and Texas Annexation First attempt in 1836 is rejected by the US Republic of Texas: Sam Houston First.

Texas and Annexation1845

MAY 19 – Cuevas-Smith treaty between Mexico and Texas signed guaranteeing Texas independence so long as it remains a separate republic. JUNE 16 – Texas Congress meets in special session to consider both the proposed Mexican treaty and the annexation resolution from the U.S. Congress. U.S. offer accepted. JULY 4 – Convention meets to consider both the Mexican treaty and the U.S. annexation resolution. U.S. offer accepted by Convention. OCTOBER 13 – Annexation ordinance and state constitution submitted to the Texas voters for approval. (The vote tally on November 10, 1845, was 4,254 to 267 in favor of annexation; the total vote, compiled January 1, 1846, was 7,664 to 430 in favor of annexation.) DECEMBER 16 – U.S. House votes to annex Texas by Joint Resolution (141 to 58--21 abstaining). DECEMBER 22 – U.S. Senates approves joint resolution for the admission of Texas as a state (31 to 14, 7 abstaining). DECEMBER 29 – President signs the Joint Resolution. “Texas officially the 28th state on this date.

Page 7: Manifest Destiny America Claims a Continent. US and Texas Annexation First attempt in 1836 is rejected by the US Republic of Texas: Sam Houston First.

Disputed Boundaries: Mexico & Texas

19 February 1846 – Texas President Anson Jones declares “The Republic of Texas is no more.”

The transfer of government is completed when Governor J. Pinckney Henderson takes the oath of office.

The United States agreed to maintain the boundaries set by the Texas congress in late 1836 at the Rio Grande.

Page 8: Manifest Destiny America Claims a Continent. US and Texas Annexation First attempt in 1836 is rejected by the US Republic of Texas: Sam Houston First.

Mexican-American War1845 - 1846

Event Date Location Significance

Mexico snubs SlidellNovember 1845

Mexico CityPres. Polk instructs John Slidell to offer up to $25 million for New Mexico and California. Insulted Mexicans refuse to see Slidell.

Polk orders troops to southern Texas

January 1846

Rio Grande River

Zachary Taylor and 4000 men are sent to disputed territory, expecting attack. Conflict with Mexican troops results in 16 American casualties.

Congress declares war on Mexico

May 1846Washington, D.C.

Polk asks for war with Mexico. Northern Whigs fear victory would add more slave states to U.S. Declaration passes 40-2 in Senate, 174-14 in House. Whig Congressman Lincoln asks for the spot on American soil where American blood was shed.

Bear Flag Republic established

June 1846Northern California

John C. Fremont and volunteers capture town of Sonoma and hoist Bear Flag.

Americans capture Monterey

July 1846Monterey, California

250 sailors capture Mexico's California capital without a shot.

Kearny takes Santa FeAugust 1846

New MexicoMarching from Kansas to California, Stephen Kearny's 1700 men take key Mexican trading post.

Battle of San PascualDecember 1846

San Diego, California

In fierce fighting, Kearny's forces barely survive attack of Mexican lancers.

Page 9: Manifest Destiny America Claims a Continent. US and Texas Annexation First attempt in 1836 is rejected by the US Republic of Texas: Sam Houston First.

Mexican-American War1847 - 1848

Event Date Location Significance

Battle of San GabrielJanuary 1847

San Gabriel, California

Californio forces retreat as American forces cross San Gabriel River and take Los Angeles

Battle of Buena VistaFebruary 1847

Central MexicoWith a much larger army (20,000 to Taylor's 5,000), Santa Anna is unable to defeat Taylor's American forces.

Veracruz March 1847East coast of Mexico

Winfield Scott and 14,000 men capture port and begin following Cortez's route to Mexico City

Mexico CitySeptember 1847

Central MexicoU.S. captures city. Santa Anna loses 4,000 of his 25,000-man army, while Scott loses 900 of his 10,000.

Treaty of Guadalupe HidalgoFebruary 2, 1848

Central Mexico

Mexico gives up all claim to Texas. U.S. pays Mexico $15 million and agrees to assume American citizens' claims ($3,250,000) against Mexico. Expansionists call for "All Mexico." Senate passes treaty 38-14.

Page 10: Manifest Destiny America Claims a Continent. US and Texas Annexation First attempt in 1836 is rejected by the US Republic of Texas: Sam Houston First.

Mexican American War

Page 11: Manifest Destiny America Claims a Continent. US and Texas Annexation First attempt in 1836 is rejected by the US Republic of Texas: Sam Houston First.

Polk’s Generals

<= Zachary Taylor“Old Rough & Ready”

Winfield Scott =>“Old Fuss & Feathers”

Page 12: Manifest Destiny America Claims a Continent. US and Texas Annexation First attempt in 1836 is rejected by the US Republic of Texas: Sam Houston First.

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Mexico:Gave up claims to TexasCeded Nm & CA to U.S.

United States:Paid Mexico $15 millionAssumed $3.25 million in claims against Mexico

Page 13: Manifest Destiny America Claims a Continent. US and Texas Annexation First attempt in 1836 is rejected by the US Republic of Texas: Sam Houston First.

The Mexican Cession

Land taken from Mexico formed:

New MexicoArizonaUtahNevadaCalifornia

Parts of:Texas WyomingColorado

Page 14: Manifest Destiny America Claims a Continent. US and Texas Annexation First attempt in 1836 is rejected by the US Republic of Texas: Sam Houston First.

The War’s Legacies

Completed nation’s __________ __________ with the exception of the Gadsden Purchase

Expanded scope of __________ __________Made war heroes of Scott & Taylor (both had

political ambitions)Fostered an initial burst of __________ _________On calmer reflection, seen as a war of __________Provoked a violent debate about expansion of

slavery into __________ __________