MANAGING KNOWLEDGE: KNOWLEDGE WORK AND ARTIFICIAL … · AI EXPERT SYSTEMS EXPERT SYSTEMS 1//55 An expert system is subfield of AI, that attempts to provide an answer to a problem,
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
AQU – Information Systems Fundamentals – Spring 2012. Pg. 12.1
•• DEMONSTRATE HOW ORGANIZATIONS DEMONSTRATE HOW ORGANIZATIONS USE EXPERT SYSTEMS, CASEUSE EXPERT SYSTEMS, CASE--BASED BASED REASONING TO CAPTURE KNOWLEDGEREASONING TO CAPTURE KNOWLEDGE
•• DEMONSTRATE HOW NEURAL DEMONSTRATE HOW NEURAL NETWORKS & OTHER TECHNIQUES NETWORKS & OTHER TECHNIQUES IMPROVE KNOWLEDGE BASEIMPROVE KNOWLEDGE BASE
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN THE KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN THE
ORGANIZATION ORGANIZATION 11//33
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT:KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT:Systematically & actively managing Systematically & actively managing and leveraging stores of knowledge and leveraging stores of knowledge in an organizationin an organization
DIGITAL FIRM:DIGITAL FIRM: Substantial use of info Substantial use of info technology enhances ability to sense, technology enhances ability to sense, respond to environmentrespond to environment
>>>>
AQU – Information Systems Fundamentals – Spring 2012. Pg. 12.4
INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE
WORK SYSTEMSWORK SYSTEMS
INFORMATION WORK:INFORMATION WORK: Work consists Work consists primarily of creating, processing primarily of creating, processing informationinformation
�� DATA WORKERS:DATA WORKERS: People who process &People who process &
•• CoordinateCoordinate work of local work of local professionals and information professionals and information workersworkers
•• Coordinate work across levels and Coordinate work across levels and functionsfunctions
•• Couple organization to external Couple organization to external environment and operators (vendors, environment and operators (vendors, customers)customers)
**
AQU – Information Systems Fundamentals – Spring 2012. Pg. 12.6
OFFICE AUTOMATION SYSTEMS OFFICE AUTOMATION SYSTEMS 11//55
MANAGING DOCUMENTS:MANAGING DOCUMENTS:
•• CREATIONCREATION
•• STORAGESTORAGE
•• RETRIEVALRETRIEVAL
•• DISSEMINATIONDISSEMINATION
•• TECHNOLOGY:TECHNOLOGY: Word processing, desktop Word processing, desktop publishing, document imaging, Web publishing, document imaging, Web publishing, work flow managerspublishing, work flow managers
•• DOCUMENT IMAGING SYSTEMS:DOCUMENT IMAGING SYSTEMS: Systems Systems convert documents, images into digital form (e.g.: convert documents, images into digital form (e.g.: optical character recognition; microfiche)optical character recognition; microfiche)
•• OCR SystemsOCR Systems
•• JUKEBOX:JUKEBOX: Storage & retrieving device for CDStorage & retrieving device for CD--ROMs & other optical disksROMs & other optical disks
•• INDEX SERVER:INDEX SERVER: Imaging system to store / retrieve Imaging system to store / retrieve documentdocument
******
OFFICE AUTOMATION SYSTEMS OFFICE AUTOMATION SYSTEMS 55//55MANAGING DATA (b):MANAGING DATA (b):
•• KEEP ORGANIZATION UPKEEP ORGANIZATION UP--TOTO--DATE IN DATE IN KNOWLEDGE:KNOWLEDGE: Technology; science; Technology; science; thought; the artsthought; the arts
•• INTERNAL CONSULTANTS ININTERNAL CONSULTANTS INTHEIR AREASTHEIR AREAS
Manufacturing: Provides Manufacturing: Provides precise control over industrial precise control over industrial design, manufacturingdesign, manufacturing
•• INVESTMENT WORKSTATIONS:INVESTMENT WORKSTATIONS:HighHigh--end PCs used in finance end PCs used in finance to analyze trading situations, to analyze trading situations, facilitate portfolio managementfacilitate portfolio management
•• GROUPWARE:GROUPWARE: Allows interactive Allows interactive concurrent collaboration, approval of concurrent collaboration, approval of documents, and so ondocuments, and so on
•• INTRANETS/Web:INTRANETS/Web: Good for relatively Good for relatively stable information in central repositorystable information in central repository
•• TEAMWARE:TEAMWARE: Group collaborative software Group collaborative software to customize team effortsto customize team efforts
•• Web/WikisWeb/Wikis..
>>>>
AQU – Information Systems Fundamentals – Spring 2012. Pg. 12.11
AI:AI: COMPUTERCOMPUTER--BASED SYSTEMS WITH BASED SYSTEMS WITH ABILITIES TO ABILITIES TO LEARN LANGUAGELEARN LANGUAGE, , ACCOMPLISH TASKSACCOMPLISH TASKS, , USE PERCEPTUAL USE PERCEPTUAL APPARATUS (APPARATUS (إدراك صناعيإدراك صناعي)), , EMULATE EMULATE HUMAN EXPERTISEHUMAN EXPERTISE & & DECISION MAKINGDECISION MAKING
**
AI
AQU – Information Systems Fundamentals – Spring 2012. Pg. 12.12
An expert system is subfield of AI, that An expert system is subfield of AI, that attempts to provide an answer to a attempts to provide an answer to a problem, or clarify uncertainties where problem, or clarify uncertainties where normally one or more human experts would normally one or more human experts would need to be consulted, usually in a specific need to be consulted, usually in a specific problem domain.problem domain.
So..So..
KNOWLEDGE KNOWLEDGE -- INTENSIVE CAPTURES INTENSIVE CAPTURES HUMAN EXPERTISE IN LIMITED DOMAINS HUMAN EXPERTISE IN LIMITED DOMAINS
•• KNOWLEDGE BASE:KNOWLEDGE BASE: Model of Human Model of Human KnowledgeKnowledge
•• RULERULE--BASED EXPERT SYSTEM :BASED EXPERT SYSTEM : AI AI system based on IF system based on IF -- THEN statements THEN statements (Bifurcation (Bifurcation تشعباتتشعبات); Rule Base: Collection ); Rule Base: Collection of IF of IF -- THEN knowledgeTHEN knowledge
•• KNOWLEDGE FRAMESKNOWLEDGE FRAMES: Knowledge : Knowledge organizes in chunks based on shared organizes in chunks based on shared relationshipsrelationships
>>>>
AI
AQU – Information Systems Fundamentals – Spring 2012. Pg. 12.14
CBR:CBR: Process of solving new Process of solving new problems based on the problems based on the sol’nssol’ns ofofsimilar past problems.similar past problems.
NEURAL NETWORKS (ANN)NEURAL NETWORKS (ANN)•• Mathematical/computational model that tries to Mathematical/computational model that tries to
simulate the structure and/or functional aspects of simulate the structure and/or functional aspects of biological neural networks.biological neural networks.
•• ANN consists of an interconnected group of artificial ANN consists of an interconnected group of artificial neurons, and it processes information using a neurons, and it processes information using a connectionist approach to computation.connectionist approach to computation.
•• Usually it’s adaptive system (changes its structure Usually it’s adaptive system (changes its structure based on external or internal information that flows based on external or internal information that flows through the network during the learning phase) through the network during the learning phase) ��������learn=usagelearn=usage
•• ANN are usually models complex relationships ANN are usually models complex relationships bet’nbet’nii//p’sp’s and o/and o/p’sp’s to find patterns in data.to find patterns in data.
•• App’nsApp’ns in real life: classifications, ein real life: classifications, e--learning, DSSlearning, DSS
AQU – Information Systems Fundamentals – Spring 2012. Pg. 12.17
•• A form of manyA form of many--valued logic valued logic
•• To deal with reasoning that is fluid or To deal with reasoning that is fluid or approximate rather than preciseapproximate rather than precise
•• In contrast with "crisp logic“ In contrast with "crisp logic“ �������� 00//11
•• Fuzzy logic variables may have a truth Fuzzy logic variables may have a truth value that ranges in degree between value that ranges in degree between 0 0 and and 11
•• Search technique to find Search technique to find exactexact or or approximateapproximate solutions to optimization and solutions to optimization and search problems.search problems.
•• They are evolutionary algorithms (EA) that They are evolutionary algorithms (EA) that use techniques such as inheritance, use techniques such as inheritance, mutation, & selection, and crossover.mutation, & selection, and crossover.
•• Use models of organisms to promote Use models of organisms to promote evolution of solutionevolution of solution
**
AI
AQU – Information Systems Fundamentals – Spring 2012. Pg. 12.18
•• Autonomous entity which observes Autonomous entity which observes and acts upon an environment (it’s and acts upon an environment (it’s agent) and directs its activity towards agent) and directs its activity towards achieving goals (it is rational).achieving goals (it is rational).
•• IA may also learn or use knowledge to IA may also learn or use knowledge to achieve their goals.achieve their goals.
•• The meaning is general (a human The meaning is general (a human being, a community of human beings being, a community of human beings working together towards a goal).working together towards a goal).
•• So in CS they are usually referred to So in CS they are usually referred to as Abstract IA’sas Abstract IA’s
Program with builtProgram with built--in, learned in, learned knowledge base to do specific, knowledge base to do specific, repetitive, predictable tasks for:repetitive, predictable tasks for:
•• IndividualIndividual
•• Business processBusiness process
•• Software applicationSoftware application
**
AI
AQU – Information Systems Fundamentals – Spring 2012. Pg. 12.19