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NetworkFirst Interoperability Through NetworkFirst Norman Hrapchak & Brian Leger February 12, 2003
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Page 1: M/A-Com Network First Presentation

NetworkFirst

Interoperability Through NetworkFirst

Norman Hrapchak & Brian Leger

February 12, 2003

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Our Focus: The Future Today

Today’sToday’sSystemsSystems Market DemandMarket Demand M/A-COMM/A-COM

Digital TrunkedDigital Trunked

IP Packet TechnologyIP Packet Technology

Voice & DataVoice & Data

High Capacity TDMAHigh Capacity TDMA

Multi-mode SW radiosMulti-mode SW radios

AnalogAnalog

Circuit Sw.Circuit Sw.

Primarily VoicePrimarily Voice

1 Call/Channel1 Call/Channel

ProprietaryProprietary

Quality/ServiceQuality/Service

FlexibilityFlexibility

Data ApplicationsData Applications

CapacityCapacity

InteroperabilityInteroperability

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OpenSky: An IP solution

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• Build the network top-down– Wide area switching

• Connectionless services• Group calling• Voice & Data

– Facilitate Interoperability• Network-level Gateways• Multi-mode radios• Internetworking of private systems

• Leverage industry standards– TCP/IP, CDPD (IS-732), ANSI 102 (P25

Phase I) CAI, …

Packet TechnologyInternet Protocols

OpenSky Design Paradigms

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A New Model For Switching: Packet Switched Client/Server Architecture

• Traditional Networks– Switch– Circuit Switching Nodes– Base Sites– Terminals

• The Client Server Model– Server– Packet Switching Routers– IP Base Sites– Clients

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System Interfaces:An All-IP Network

Interoperability IP

Console IP

Inter System IP

Base Station IP

TDMA Airlink

Application IPApplication IP

Application IP

Radio/SwitchClient/Server IP

IP Network Management

IP Network Administration

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95% Radio Coverage - 45,000 sq/miles 27 State Agency Participants 25,000 150,000 UsersCounties – Interoperation Connectivity Currently rolling out the Network

PA Statewide Voice/Data Radio Network

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Rationalizing the New Architecture

• Why Packet Switched IP?– Industry Standard for Data Networks– Well Suited to Connection-less Push-to-Talk Group Voice Services– Cost Effective

• Why Client-Server?– The Norm for Complex System Applications

• Why TDMA?– Spectrum Efficiency– Effective Integration of Voice, Data & Control

• Why Cellular?– Highly Scalable to Large and Small Networks– Can Tailor Coverage and Capacity Within Network

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Solving Interoperability

NetworkFirst

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Key Question

How to provide immediate interoperability among State, County, Local, and Federal Emergency

First Responders?

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Solution Options

To achieve interoperability, you can:

Adopt RadioStandard

Adopt NetworkStandard

EveryoneUses same radio

and system

IP Networksupports all existingradios and systems

or

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Interoperability Through the Customer’s Eyes

• What it means– The ability to communicate between mobile and fixed personnel

participating in group-based, coordinated, operations

• What is necessary– A vision and an operational plan– Cooperation between participating agencies– Products and technology

• What it needs to accomplish– Remain non-intrusive for normal day-to-day operations– Support pre-planned and unplanned scenarios

• Perspectives of different types of buyers– Economic: How do I maximize return on current investment and what

do I get for my incremental investment?– Technical: What service do my users really need?– Political: What have I contributed to the security of my constituency?

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The Present State of Public Safety Communications

• Federal– Utilize federal NTIA regulated bands– Most agencies use analog non-trunked, some analog trunked use– Beginning deployment of P25 conventional, increased interest in P25 trunking

• State– Most state-wide networks are Low band & VHF conventional analog – State Patrol and DOT’s tend to drive statewide use– Regional use of VHF and UHF bands– Very limited deployment of statewide trunking– Some early migration to 800 MHz digital trunked

• Local Tier 1 County and Municipal– Analog trunked radio with migration to digital trunked radio

• Local Tier 2 County and Municipal– Conventional analog with some early migration to conventional digital P25

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The Interoperability Problem

• Multiple Agencies: – Federal, State, County and Local

• Multiple Frequency Bands– VHF-low, VHF-high, UHF (low, T-band), 800, NPSPAC, 700

(proposed)

• Multiple Vendors - Proprietary Protocols • Other Variables:

– Multiple SW revisions, control channel rates, etc.– Narrowband & Wideband

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The “Ideal” State

• An ubiquitous network with:– Coverage everywhere

• A user can use his/her radio wherever they are asked to go

– Full connectivity• A user can communicate with whomever he/she needs to

• Barriers to achieving the Ideal State– No unified frequency plan

• Every band exists everywhere … but• Band use is licensed for individual use – no clear concept of resource sharing• This is not a technical issue it is a regulatory issue

– Today’s radios do not implement effective mobility management• Requires user to remain cognizant of coverage (channel)• Trunked systems address part of this concern

– The radio channels that are in use are not part of a comprehensive switched network

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State-of-the-Art for Interoperability

• Simulcast Trunked Radio Systems– Separated the channel from the group

– Full interoperability for all participating agencies

– Allow roaming within the coverage area

– Users select whom they talk to

– Dispatchers can patch groups together for increased interoperability

– Interfaces to conventional radio systems

• Wide Area Multisite Trunked Systems– All the features of Simulcast Trunked Radio Systems

– With increased coverage area

– Conventional overlay for legacy radios and interoperability with local governments

– Network interfaces to existing trunked systems

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A Long-Term View of Interoperability

• Probably the best long-term interoperability solution is:– Statewide Digital Trunked Systems with:

• Conventional Overlay to analog systems within the state– Federal, state and local level

• Networked Trunked interfaces to existing trunked systems within the state

• Why states:– Significant geographic coverage

– States can bridge the gap between Federal and Local governments

– States have the right economies of scale

– Statewide systems are becoming practical to implement

Homeland Security money will be funneled through the states

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Short Term View of Interoperability

• What drives the short-term view?– Minimal cost – maximize leverage of customer’s existing

equipment

– Fast to deploy – Must be capable of being deployed across a state in less than 3 years

– Provides a technology step towards the long term solution

• The answer is NetworkFirst!– Start with a modern network backbone

• IP packet switched

– Interconnect existing conventional and trunked systems

– Enable incremental investment to achieve the long-term objective

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NetworkFirstBridging the Past to the Future

Regional OperationsCenter

DispatchCenter

Gateway

Municipal800MHz

Digital Trunked

CountyUHF Conventional

FederalVHF

Other StateTrunked

PSTN

RegionalOperations

Center

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The NetworkFirst Roadmap

ConventionalInteroperability

• Switching• Network Administration• Network Management

OpenSkyData

OpenSkyVoice P25IP EDACS

ConventionalSystems

TrunkedSystems

FutureSystems

IP Backbone • Routers• Wide Area Links

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Comparing Interoperability Solutions

NetworkFirst P25 Conventional Patch

Strategy • Network Solution• IP Network Standards

• Radio Solution• Airlink Standards

• Interconnectivity = Interoperability

Description • Interconnect existing analog and digital systems• Implement trunk-like features• Packet switched network• IP Protocols• Radio user selects who he/she talks to

• Standardize on a digital air interface• Interoperability within the same band on the same channels

• Console Patch• Cross band Radio Patch (ACU 1000)

Economics • Add-on to existing systems• No new terminals• Highly economical

• Migrate from analog to digital• Replace existing system• Replace terminals• Very expensive

• Add-on to existing systems• Highly economical

Issues • Does not increase system capacity• Increases service area not coverage• Requires an IP wide area network

• Does not address operation in different frequency bands• Does not address interoperability with non-P25 systems

• Not scalable• Not selective between talkgroups (patch vs switch)• Not a wide-area solution• Not user driven – user doesn’t decide who he/she talks to

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Technical Overview of NetworkFirst

NetworkFirst Building Blocks

NetworkFirst Interfaces

System Scalability

System Addressing and ID’s

Resource Pools

Security

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NetworkFirst Building Blocks

The Gateway• Converts audio protocols into VOIP• Universal audio ports• 1 DVU card per talkpath• Each DVU has a unique IP address

The Operations Center• Redundant Voice Switch (VNIC)• Network Management Server• Network Administration Server• High speed redundant LAN• High capacity redundant Routers

The IP Backbone• Private Intranet• Built on standard Internet Protocols• Utilizes third party equipment• Wide variety of communication media

Network Management Clients• User interface for Network Managers• Co-located or Remote• SUN and PC X-window clients

Network Administration Clients• User interface for Network Administrators• Co-located or Remote• WEB Browser

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Regional Operations Center

VNIC ApplicationSoftware

VNIC ApplicationSoftware

RedundantVoice Switch

(VNIC)

RedundantEthernet Switch

(HUB)

RedundantRouter

IP NetworkBackbone

IP NetworkBackbone

NetworkManagement

Server

NetworkAdministration

Server

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The IP Backbone

• IP Networks are comprised of a mesh of routers• Routers are connected by links such as point-to-point microwave• Routers use IP addresses to route packets from one link to another• Routers use routing tables to perform this routing function

10.52.25.5 10.52.30.7

10.52.25.xx Subnetwork

10.52.25.5

10.52.30.xx Subnetwork

10.52.30.7

Digital Voice

SourceAddress

DestinationAddress Packet Data

10.52.30.xx

10.52.30.xx

10.52.30.xx10.52.30.xx

UDP …

ControlIP

Packet

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DVU Cards provide Audio-to-IP

Serial Data to Network

Optional PSTN Interface

4-Wire Audio and signaling

Connects to IP Router38.4 kb/s SLIP RS-232Connects to IP Router38.4 kb/s SLIP RS-232

Connects to local PBXor POTS Line

Connects to local PBXor POTS Line

Universal Audio Port600Balanced Audio

Optional E&M Signaling

Universal Audio Port600Balanced Audio

Optional E&M Signaling

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Conventional Radio SystemsTrunked Radio Systems

NetworkFirst System Interfaces

Consoles

SystemController

TrunkedBase Sites

ConventionalBase Sites

ConsoleSwitchMatrix

Consoles

ConventionalBase Sites

PSTN

Network Management &Administration

IP Consoles

Desk Sets

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Building a Larger System

Regional NetworkFirstSystem

Regional NetworkFirstSystem

Regional NetworkFirstSystem

Regional NetworkFirstSystem

Regional NetworkFirstSystem

Regional NetworkFirstSystem

NetworkOperations Center

(NOC)

NetworkOperations Center

(NOC)

Conventional& Trunked

Radio Systems

Conventional& Trunked

Radio Systems

Conventional& Trunked

Radio Systems

The Network Operations Center• Network-wide Administration• Network-wide Management• Remote Clients

SystemAdministration

RegionalAdministration

AgencyAdministration

Levels ofAdministration

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Addressing and IDs

• Talkgroups• IP Addresses• The User ID Structure Defines:

– Regional Networks implemented as Regional Operations Centers

– Agency Operations Centers

• Service Provider Network ID (SPNI)– Not used in the NetworkFirst Interoperability Application

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Talkgroups

• Talkgroups are the fundamental entities for facilitating interoperability

• NetworkFirst Talkgroups have many of the same characteristics as in a trunked radio system

• Most NetworkFirst functions are tied to the talkgroup– Inter and Intra-regional calls

– Priority & preemption

– Call control timers

– Blocking and Non-blocking behaviors

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NetworkFirst Security

• Some observations about security– A system is only as secure as its weakest link

• When dealing with conventional radio, the analog radio transmission is the weakest link

• Easy to detect, easy to eavesdrop

– To some degree security and interoperability impose conflicting requirements

• Security limits access• Interoperability expands access

• Within its boundaries, NetworkFirst provides security through encryption

– Encryption is end-to-end: from DVU to DVU

– Encryption utilizes the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES, FIPS-PUB-197 with 128 bit keys)

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Configuring & Managing NetworkFirst

Network Administration System

Network Management System

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Network Administration System Overview

• Every NetworkFirst system includes a Network Administration System

– This includes both single ROC systems as well as multi-ROC systems

• A single NAS can configure a network of ROCs• The NAS is implemented in a multi-user, Client-Server, WEB-based

architecture• Network Administration Server

– JAVA WEB Front End – Implements the user interface– Sybase database manager– Provisioning Agent

• Network Administration Clients– WEB Browsers– Password Protected access to server– Multiple Levels of Administration Privileges– Administer, Configure and Control Resource Pools

• Talkgroups, IP Addresses, DVUs

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System Level Administration

• Create and manage Administration Accounts• Create Administration Classes• Assign access rights(read/write) to databases for admin

classes• Add regional networks to system• Create talkgroup property and priority classes• Establish geographic distribution of talkgroups

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Regional Network Level Administration

• Create agencies within region• Assign IP Address pools to agencies within the regional

network• Enable agencies to access talkgroup priority and property

classes for use within the regional network• Can perform all Agency Administration functions

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Agency Level Administration

• Create talkgroups• Assign IP addresses to DVUs• Configure static and dynamic talkgroups for DVUs• Add Console Systems• Perform Encryption Key Management (Future release)

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Solution Design Considerations

• Operational Considerations– What system(s) are being interconnected

– Who needs to talk to who - Fleet mapping

• Equipment Considerations:– System Sizing & Capacity

– How many ROCs

– IP Backbone Design

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The NetworkFirst Roadmap

ConventionalInteroperability

• Switching• Network Administration• Network Management

OpenSkyData

OpenSkyVoice P25IP EDACS

ConventionalSystems

TrunkedSystems

FutureSystems

IP Backbone • Routers• Wide Area Links

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When is NetworkFirst the Right Answer?

• When you want interoperability on demand• When you want users to determine who they talk to• When you want a scalable solution• When you want a migration path• When you don’t have enough money to replace all your

radios• When you don’t have 5 years to create a solution

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To private wireless users who require the highest level

of security, reliability, interoperability and capacity,

M/A-COM is the most experienced provider

of themost technologically advanced

voice and data networks.

www.macom-wireless.com