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PowerPoint Presentation by Charlie CookThe University of West Alabama

Copyright © 2006 Thomson Business and Economics.All rights reserved.

Chapter 5Chapter 5

The Strategic The Strategic and and OperationalOperationalPlanning Planning ProcessProcess

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5–2Copyright © 2006 Thomson Business and Economics. All rights reserved.

Learning OutcomesLearning Outcomes

1. Describe how strategic planning differs from operational planning.

2. State the differences among the three strategic levels: corporate, business, and functional.

3. Explain the reason for conducting an industry and competitive situation analysis.

4. Explain the reason for conducting a company situation analysis.

5. List the parts of an effective written objective.

6. Describe the four grand strategies: growth, stability, turnaround and retrenchment, and a combination of these.

7. Describe the three corporate growth strategies: concentration, integration, and diversification.

After studying this chapter, you should be able to:

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5–3Copyright © 2006 Thomson Business and Economics. All rights reserved.

Learning Outcomes (cont’d)Learning Outcomes (cont’d)8. Describe the three business-level adaptive strategies: prospecting, defending, and analyzing.

9. State the difference between standing plans and single-use plans.

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5–4Copyright © 2006 Thomson Business and Economics. All rights reserved.

Learning Outcomes (cont’d)Learning Outcomes (cont’d)

10. Define the following key terms:

strategic planning corporate growth strategiesoperational planning mergerstrategy acquisitionstrategic levels business portfolio analysiscorporate-level strategy adaptive strategiesbusiness-level strategy functional strategiesfunctional-level strategy standing planssituation analysis policiesSWOT analysis procedurebenchmarking rulesobjective single-use plansmanagement by objectives (MBO) contingency plans grand strategy

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5–5Copyright © 2006 Thomson Business and Economics. All rights reserved.

Ideas on Management at StarbucksIdeas on Management at Starbucks

1. What are some of Starbucks’s strategic and operational plans?

2. What is Starbucks’s mission? What are its six guiding principles?

3. What does five-force competitive analysis reveal about the growth potential of Starbucks? Identify the company’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.

4. What objectives has Starbucks established?

5. What is the corporate grand strategy and primary growth strategy at Starbucks? Name some of the company’s failed growth strategies.

6. What types of adaptive and competitive strategies does Starbucks currently employ? Which stage in the product life cycle has coffee reached in the U.S. market?

7. What type of functional and operational plans does Starbucks have?

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Planning DimensionsPlanning Dimensions

• Planning– Determining what you want to accomplish and

developing approaches to achieving your objectives.

• Planning Dimensions:

Exhibit 5–1

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Strategic and Operational PlanningStrategic and Operational Planning

• Strategic Planning– The process of developing a mission and long-

range objectives and determining in advance how they will be accomplished.

• Operational Planning– The process of setting short-range objectives

and determining in advance how they will be accomplished.

• Strategy– A plan for pursuing the mission and achieving

objectives.

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5–8Copyright © 2006 Thomson Business and Economics. All rights reserved.

The Strategic Planning ProcessThe Strategic Planning Process

Exhibit 5–2

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Strategic PlanningStrategic Planning

• Corporate-Level Strategy– The plan for managing multiple lines of

businesses

• Business-Level Strategy– The plan for managing one line of business

• Functional-Level Strategy– The plan for managing one area of the business

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5–10Copyright © 2006 Thomson Business and Economics. All rights reserved.

Strategic and Operational LevelsStrategic and Operational Levels

Exhibit 5–3

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5–11Copyright © 2006 Thomson Business and Economics. All rights reserved.

Industry and Competitive Situation AnalysisIndustry and Competitive Situation Analysis

• Situation Analysis– Focuses on those features in a company’s

environment that most directly affect its options and opportunities.

• Five Competitive Forces (Porter)– Rivalry among competing sellers in the industry– Threat of substitute products and services– Potential new entrants– Power of suppliers– Power of buyers

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5–12Copyright © 2006 Thomson Business and Economics. All rights reserved.

Starbucks’s Five-Force Competitive Analysis

Starbucks’s Five-Force Competitive Analysis

Exhibit 5–4

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5–13Copyright © 2006 Thomson Business and Economics. All rights reserved.

Parts of a Company Situation AnalysisParts of a Company Situation Analysis

Exhibit 5–5

1. Assessment of the present strategy based on performance.

1. Assessment of the present strategy based on performance.

2. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis.

2. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis.

3. Assessment of competitive strength and identification of competitive advantage.

3. Assessment of competitive strength and identification of competitive advantage.

4. Conclusions concerning competitive position.

4. Conclusions concerning competitive position.

5. Determination of the strategic issues and problems that need to be addressed through the strategic planning process.

5. Determination of the strategic issues and problems that need to be addressed through the strategic planning process.

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5–14Copyright © 2006 Thomson Business and Economics. All rights reserved.

SWOT Analysis for Starbucks Coffee

SWOT Analysis for Starbucks Coffee

Exhibit 5–6

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Competitive Strength Assessment for Starbucks CoffeeCompetitive Strength Assessment for Starbucks Coffee

Exhibit 5–7

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Competitive AdvantageCompetitive Advantage

• Core Competency– A functional capability (strength) that the firm

does well and one that creates a competitive advantage for the firm.

• Benchmarking– The process of comparing an organization’s

products or services and processes with those of other companies.

• Scanning the Environment– Searching the external environment for

opportunities and threats.

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5–17Copyright © 2006 Thomson Business and Economics. All rights reserved.

Setting ObjectivesSetting Objectives

• Objectives– State what is to be accomplished in singular,

specific, and measurable terms with a target date.

• Goals– Are general targets to be accomplished that are

translated into actionable objectives.

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Writing Effective ObjectivesWriting Effective Objectives

• Max E. Douglas’s model for writing effective objectives:

– (1) the word to, followed by

– (2) an action verb,

– (3) a statement of the single, specific, and measurable result to be achieved, and

– (4) a target date.

• To achieve a 6% overall return on fourth quarter sales.

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Criteria That Objectives Should MeetCriteria That Objectives Should Meet

Exhibit 5–8

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Management by Objectives (MBO)Management by Objectives (MBO)

• Management by ObjectivesStep 1. Set individual objectives and plans.

Step 2. Give feedback and evaluate performance.

Step 3. Reward according to performance.

• Sources of MBO Failures– Lack of top management commitment and

follow-through on MBO.

– Employees’ negative beliefs about management’s sincerity in its efforts to include them in the decision-making process.

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Corporate-Level StrategyCorporate-Level Strategy

• Grand Strategies

– Growth

– Stability

– Turnaround and retrenchment

– Combination

• Growth Strategies

– Concentration

– Backward and forward integration

– Related and unrelated diversification

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5–23Copyright © 2006 Thomson Business and Economics. All rights reserved.

Corporate Grand and Growth StrategiesCorporate Grand and Growth Strategies

Exhibit 5–9

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5–25Copyright © 2006 Thomson Business and Economics. All rights reserved.

Portfolio Analysis: BCG MatrixPortfolio Analysis: BCG Matrix

Exhibit 5–10

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The Entrepreneurial Strategy Matrix

The Entrepreneurial Strategy Matrix

Exhibit 5–11

Adapted with permission from Business Horizons 40 (May–June), 73–77. Sonfield, M. C., and Lussier, R. N. (1997). “The Entrepreneurial Strategy Matrix. A Model for New and Ongoing Ventures.” ©1997 by Indiana University Kelley School of Business.

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5–27Copyright © 2006 Thomson Business and Economics. All rights reserved.

Business-Level StrategiesBusiness-Level Strategies

• Adaptive Strategies– Prospecting

• Aggressively offering new products and/or entering new markets.

– Defending• Staying with the present product line and markets,

and maintaining or increasing customers.

– Analyzing• A midrange approach between prospecting and

defending, moving cautiously into new markets.

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Business-Level Adaptive StrategiesBusiness-Level Adaptive Strategies

Exhibit 5–12

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Competitive StrategiesCompetitive Strategies

• Differentiation– Competing on the basis of features that

distinguish one firm’s products or services from those of another.

• Cost Leadership– The firm with the lowest total overall costs has

a competitive advantage in price-sensitive markets.

• Focus– Concentrating competitive efforts on a

particular market segment, product line, or buyer group.

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Strategies for Starbucks over the Product Life CycleStrategies for Starbucks over the Product Life Cycle

Exhibit 5–13

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Functional-Level (Operational) StrategiesFunctional-Level (Operational) Strategies

• Marketing– Responsible for determining which products to provide,

how they will be packaged, how they will be advertised, where they will be sold and how they will get there, and how much they will be sold for.

• Operations– Responsible for systems processes that convert inputs

into outputs.

• Human Resources– Responsible for working with all the other functional

departments in the areas of recruiting, selecting, training, evaluating, and compensating employees.

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Functional-Level (Operational) Strategies (cont’d)Functional-Level (Operational) Strategies (cont’d)

• Finance– Responsible for financing the business

activities by raising money through the sale of stock or bonds or through loans, deciding on the debt-to-equity ratio, paying off the debt and dividends to shareholders, keeping records of transactions, developing budgets, and reporting financial results.

• Other Functional-Level Strategies– Research and development (R&D) is important

to remaining competitive.

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Types of PlansTypes of Plans

• Standing Plans– Policies, procedures, and rules developed for

handling repetitive situations.– Policies

• General guidelines to be followed when making decisions.

– Procedures• A sequence of actions to be followed in order to

achieve an objective.– Rules

• A statement of exactly what should or should not be done.

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Types of Plans (cont’d)Types of Plans (cont’d)

• Single-Use Plans– Programs and budgets developed for handling

nonrepetitive situations.– Program

• A set of activities designed to accomplish an objective over a specified period of time.

– Program development• Set project objectives.• Break the project down into a sequence of steps.• Assign responsibility for each step.• Establish starting and ending times.• Determine the resources needed for each step.

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Types of Plans (cont’d)Types of Plans (cont’d)

• Single-Use Plans (cont’d)– Budget

• Represents the funds allocated to operate a unit for a fixed period of time.

• Is a planning tool initially and becomes a control tool after implementation of the plan.

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Standing Plans versus Single-Use PlansStanding Plans versus Single-Use Plans

Exhibit 5–14

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Types of Plans (cont’d)Types of Plans (cont’d)

• Contingency Plans– Alternative plans to be implemented if

uncontrollable events occur.– Developing a contingency plan

• What might go wrong?

• How can I prevent it from happening?

• If it does occur, what can I do to minimize its effect?

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Implementing and Controlling StrategiesImplementing and Controlling Strategies

• Implementing– Top and middle managers plan, whereas lower-level

functional managers and employees implement strategies.

– Successful implementation requires effective and efficient support systems.

• Controlling– The process of establishing and implementing

mechanisms to ensure that objectives are achieved.

– Measuring progress toward achievement of objectives and taking corrective action when needed.

– Staying within the budget when appropriate or changing it when necessary to meet changes in the environment.

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PowerPoint Presentation by Charlie CookThe University of West Alabama

Copyright © 2006 Thomson Business and Economics.All rights reserved.

AppendixAppendix

Time Time ManagementManagement

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5–43Copyright © 2006 Thomson Business and Economics. All rights reserved.

Learning OutcomesLearning Outcomes

1. Explain the use of a time log.

2. List and briefly describe the three steps in the time management system.

3. Define the following key terms:

After studying this appendix, you should be able to:

time management

time management system

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Analyzing Time UseAnalyzing Time Use

• The Time Log– A daily diary that tracks your activities and enables you to determine

how you spend your time each day.

• Analyzing Time Logs– Determine how much time you are spending on your high-priority (HP)

and low-priority (LP) responsibilities. – Identify areas where you spend too much time (TT).– Identify areas where you do not spend enough time (NT).– Identify major interruptions (I) that keep you from doing what you want

to get done.– Identify tasks that could be delegated to someone else (D).– How much time does your boss control (B)? How much time do your

employees control (E)? How much time do others outside outside your department control (O)? How much time do you actually control (M)?

– Look for crisis situations (C).– Look for habits, patterns, and tendencies.

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Daily Time LogDaily Time Log

Exhibit A5–1

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A Time Management SystemA Time Management System

• Key components of a time management system:– Priorities– Objectives– Plans– Schedules

• The Time Management Process– Step 1. Plan each week.– Step 2. Schedule each week.– Step 3. Schedule each day.

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Weekly PlannerWeekly Planner

Exhibit A5–2

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Weekly ScheduleWeekly Schedule

Exhibit A5–3

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Daily ScheduleDaily Schedule

Exhibit A5–4

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A Time Management System (cont’d)A Time Management System (cont’d)

• Scheduling Tips– Don’t be too optimistic; schedule enough time

to do each task.

– Once tasks are prioritized and scheduled, focus on only one at a time.

– Schedule high-priority items during your “prime time,” when you perform at your best.

– Try to set aside a regular time-slot for activities or events that you cannot anticipate.

– Do not perform an unscheduled task before determining its priority.