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Louisiana: Louisiana: The History of an American State The History of an American State Chapter 14 Chapter 14 Louisiana’s World War II Era: Louisiana’s World War II Era: Patriotism and Prosperity Patriotism and Prosperity Study Presentation Study Presentation ©2005 Clairmont Press
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Louisiana: The History of an American State Chapter 14 Louisiana’s World War II Era: Patriotism and Prosperity Study Presentation ©2005 Clairmont Press.

Jan 01, 2016

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Page 1: Louisiana: The History of an American State Chapter 14 Louisiana’s World War II Era: Patriotism and Prosperity Study Presentation ©2005 Clairmont Press.

Louisiana:Louisiana: The History of an American StateThe History of an American State

Chapter 14Chapter 14

Louisiana’s World War II Era: Louisiana’s World War II Era:

Patriotism and ProsperityPatriotism and Prosperity

Study PresentationStudy Presentation©2005 Clairmont Press

Page 2: Louisiana: The History of an American State Chapter 14 Louisiana’s World War II Era: Patriotism and Prosperity Study Presentation ©2005 Clairmont Press.

Chapter 14Chapter 14Louisiana’s World War II Era: Louisiana’s World War II Era:

Patriotism and ProsperityPatriotism and Prosperity

Section 1: Section 1: Louisiana in World War II

Section 2: Section 2: Louisiana’s Governors

Section 3: Section 3: Postwar Changes

Page 3: Louisiana: The History of an American State Chapter 14 Louisiana’s World War II Era: Patriotism and Prosperity Study Presentation ©2005 Clairmont Press.

Section 1: Section 1: Louisiana in World War II Louisiana in World War II

ESSENTIAL QUESTION:– How did World War II affect the

lives of Louisianans?

Page 4: Louisiana: The History of an American State Chapter 14 Louisiana’s World War II Era: Patriotism and Prosperity Study Presentation ©2005 Clairmont Press.

Section 1: Section 1: Louisiana in World War II Louisiana in World War II

What words do I need to know? 1. sabotage2. blackout3. ration4. victory garden5. United Service Organization

Page 5: Louisiana: The History of an American State Chapter 14 Louisiana’s World War II Era: Patriotism and Prosperity Study Presentation ©2005 Clairmont Press.

World War IIWorld War II• In 1930s, Germany was led by Adolf Hitler• Germany wanted to expand their control of

Europe• Japan was expanding its control of Asia• President Roosevelt planned for the USA to be

neutral• The president looked for ways to help France,

Great Britain, and their allies• Supplying the allies helped get the US out the

Great Depression• Sept. 1940: US begins first peacetime draft to

prepare for possible war

Page 6: Louisiana: The History of an American State Chapter 14 Louisiana’s World War II Era: Patriotism and Prosperity Study Presentation ©2005 Clairmont Press.

The ManeuversThe Maneuvers• August 1941: Louisiana was site of war

games or “mock wars” to prepare troops for possible war

• Winn Parish and Rapides Parish saw the arrival of thousands of soldiers

• General Dwight D. Eisenhower and General George Patton directed the operations

• Bossier Parish became important training site – now the home of the US 8th Air Force

Page 7: Louisiana: The History of an American State Chapter 14 Louisiana’s World War II Era: Patriotism and Prosperity Study Presentation ©2005 Clairmont Press.

Reaction to Pearl HarborReaction to Pearl Harbor• December 7, 1941: Japan attacked US Navy at

Pearl Harbor, Hawaii• December 8, 1941: US declared war on Japan• Extra guards were set up to guard against sabotage

(deliberate damage or destruction)• blackouts: turning off all lighting to deter nighttime air

attacks• Civil defense organizations used regular citizens to help

guard Louisiana from attack• General Claire Lee Chennault: Louisiana’s first famous war

hero• Led “Flying Tigers” in air battles with the Japanese• By end of war, nearly 275,000 Louisianans had served in

the military – over 4,000 were killed

Page 8: Louisiana: The History of an American State Chapter 14 Louisiana’s World War II Era: Patriotism and Prosperity Study Presentation ©2005 Clairmont Press.

The Home FrontThe Home Front• Victory gardens (small family gardens) were

planted to increase the food supply• Children helped in the war effort by distributing

information flyers, collecting scrap metal, rubber, and paper

• Citizens were star pins or displayed them in windows along with US flags

• United Service Organization (USO): provided entertainment and assistance to soldiers

• German prisoners of war (POWs) were held in Louisiana parishes including West Baton Rouge, Lincoln, and Rapides

Page 9: Louisiana: The History of an American State Chapter 14 Louisiana’s World War II Era: Patriotism and Prosperity Study Presentation ©2005 Clairmont Press.

The End of the WarThe End of the War• 1945: war in Europe ended (V-E Day)

• Servicemen’s Readjustment Act (G.I. Bill): federal program to help soldiers get more education and continue life after the military

• Mardi Gras and other celebrations were started again after the war’s end

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Page 10: Louisiana: The History of an American State Chapter 14 Louisiana’s World War II Era: Patriotism and Prosperity Study Presentation ©2005 Clairmont Press.

Section 2: Louisiana’s Section 2: Louisiana’s GovernorsGovernors

ESSENTIAL QUESTION:– How did Louisiana’s governors

lead the state after World War II?

Page 11: Louisiana: The History of an American State Chapter 14 Louisiana’s World War II Era: Patriotism and Prosperity Study Presentation ©2005 Clairmont Press.

Section 2: Louisiana’s Section 2: Louisiana’s GovernorsGovernors

What words do I need to know?1. civil service program

Page 12: Louisiana: The History of an American State Chapter 14 Louisiana’s World War II Era: Patriotism and Prosperity Study Presentation ©2005 Clairmont Press.

Louisiana’s GovernorsLouisiana’s Governors• After Huey Long’s death, state was divided

into supporters and opponents

• Many believed that Long and his supporters were corrupt

• The “anti-Longs” won the 1940 election when Sam Jones was elected governor

• The “pro-Longs” did not regain power until the 1948 election

Page 13: Louisiana: The History of an American State Chapter 14 Louisiana’s World War II Era: Patriotism and Prosperity Study Presentation ©2005 Clairmont Press.

Sam JonesSam Jones• Voters liked Jones because he was not part of the old

political crowd • War veteran• Promised to bring honesty to state government• Government employees did not have to contribute

money to the governor’s campaign fund• Voter lists were published to remove the names of dead

citizens• Companies doing business with the state had to bid for

the contracts to make sure the state got the best price• Civil service system set up to protect state workers from

governor’s power• Like Long, Jones increased spending on pensions,

education, roads, bridges, and hospitals

Page 14: Louisiana: The History of an American State Chapter 14 Louisiana’s World War II Era: Patriotism and Prosperity Study Presentation ©2005 Clairmont Press.

Jimmie DavisJimmie Davis• Born the son of a poor sharecropper• Paid for his own education and began

public service in the Public Service Commission

• Sang country music and played guitar• Added retirement system for state workers• Directed more money to state education

system• Left office with the state budget having

extra money (surplus)

Page 15: Louisiana: The History of an American State Chapter 14 Louisiana’s World War II Era: Patriotism and Prosperity Study Presentation ©2005 Clairmont Press.

Earl LongEarl Long• Similar political views to his brother, Huey –

believed the fortunate should help the less fortunate; the rich should help the poor

• Gave away hams and bacon before speeches to draw a crowd

• Increased spending on health, welfare, education, and highways

• Pay for African American teachers increased• Increased sales, gas, and severance taxes to pay

for social programs• Abolished the civil service system so that he could

put his supporters in office

Page 16: Louisiana: The History of an American State Chapter 14 Louisiana’s World War II Era: Patriotism and Prosperity Study Presentation ©2005 Clairmont Press.

Robert KennonRobert Kennon

• Wanted to reform state government and make it more efficient

• Voting machines added to reduce fraud• Worked to eliminate illegal gambling• Made it harder to increase taxes – required

2/3 vote of legislature• Prisons were improved and prison workers

salaries increased• Gave control of city government of New

Orleans to its citizens

Page 17: Louisiana: The History of an American State Chapter 14 Louisiana’s World War II Era: Patriotism and Prosperity Study Presentation ©2005 Clairmont Press.

The Return of Earl LongThe Return of Earl Long• In 1956, Earl Long was re-elected• Long had encouraged blacks to register to vote• Long had helped to get many social programs for

blacks, and he wanted their votes• Segregationists (people who wanted to keep

whites and blacks separate) worked to get blacks taken off the voting lists

• Experienced health problems and died of heart attack just after being elected to the US House of Representatives in 1960

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Page 18: Louisiana: The History of an American State Chapter 14 Louisiana’s World War II Era: Patriotism and Prosperity Study Presentation ©2005 Clairmont Press.

Section 3: Postwar Section 3: Postwar ChangesChanges

ESSENTIAL QUESTION: – What changes in the economy of

Louisiana followed World War II?

Page 19: Louisiana: The History of an American State Chapter 14 Louisiana’s World War II Era: Patriotism and Prosperity Study Presentation ©2005 Clairmont Press.

Section 3: Postwar Section 3: Postwar ChangesChanges

What words do I need to know?1. right-to-work law

2. Cold War

Page 20: Louisiana: The History of an American State Chapter 14 Louisiana’s World War II Era: Patriotism and Prosperity Study Presentation ©2005 Clairmont Press.

The EconomyThe Economy• 1940s and 1950s Louisiana moved from agricultural

to industrial state• Many blacks in Louisiana moved north for better jobs

and less discrimination • Oil industry expanded with offshore oil rigs in the Gulf

of Mexico• Labor unions grew in strength, but some believed that

their power discouraged new businesses from moving to the state

• A right-to-work law was passed in 1954 which allowed workers to choose whether to join a union or not

Page 21: Louisiana: The History of an American State Chapter 14 Louisiana’s World War II Era: Patriotism and Prosperity Study Presentation ©2005 Clairmont Press.

Cultural ChangesCultural Changes• WDSU and WAFB were Louisiana’s first television

stations in late 1940s• By 1950s, many homes had televisions• Rock and roll music began in 1950s, shocking

many older Louisianans• Louisiana’s jazz and blues had helped to

encourage rock and roll• Elvis Presley sang in Louisiana on several

occasions and was very popular with teens

Page 22: Louisiana: The History of an American State Chapter 14 Louisiana’s World War II Era: Patriotism and Prosperity Study Presentation ©2005 Clairmont Press.

The Cold WarThe Cold War• Soviet Union and USA began war of diplomacy

and words (Cold War)• The spread of communism was a great fear of

Americans• Korean War broke out as US backed South Korea

against the communist North Korea – war ended in 1953

• Soviet Union and USA also were in an arms race to build stronger nuclear weapons

• Some Louisianans practiced moving to bomb shelters, but most people thought there was no use to prepare against a nuclear attack

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Page 23: Louisiana: The History of an American State Chapter 14 Louisiana’s World War II Era: Patriotism and Prosperity Study Presentation ©2005 Clairmont Press.

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