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LIVING ON THE LAND CHAPTER 2
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LIVING ON THE LAND CHAPTER 2. HARVESTING RESOURCES wide variety of technologies developed and used high degree of skill to effectively use natural resources.

Dec 25, 2015

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Betty Wilkins
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Page 1: LIVING ON THE LAND CHAPTER 2. HARVESTING RESOURCES wide variety of technologies developed and used high degree of skill to effectively use natural resources.

LIVING ON THE LAND

CHAPTER 2

Page 2: LIVING ON THE LAND CHAPTER 2. HARVESTING RESOURCES wide variety of technologies developed and used high degree of skill to effectively use natural resources.

HARVESTING RESOURCES

• wide variety of technologies developed and used

• high degree of skill to effectively use natural resources at hand

• plantso important for daily, ceremonial

and spiritual lifeo provided food, medicine, tools,

dyes, containers, fuel and fibreo most easily harvestedo some plants tended for better

crop – farmingo group activity if picked during

short seasono usually involved spiritual element

First Fruit ceremony first berry welcomed and

thanked for giving its bounty

Page 3: LIVING ON THE LAND CHAPTER 2. HARVESTING RESOURCES wide variety of technologies developed and used high degree of skill to effectively use natural resources.

•fishingo usually cooperative effort involving family groupo needed understanding of the water – tides, winds, currentso ocean

trolling hooks and nets beach seines reef net

o river stone traps weirs – fence structures basket traps dip nets and spears

Page 4: LIVING ON THE LAND CHAPTER 2. HARVESTING RESOURCES wide variety of technologies developed and used high degree of skill to effectively use natural resources.

•huntingo required highly developed tracking skill and intimate knowledge of territoryo needed to understand animal behavior o individual or hunting teamso some fencing and corralso deadfalls and dug pits

Page 5: LIVING ON THE LAND CHAPTER 2. HARVESTING RESOURCES wide variety of technologies developed and used high degree of skill to effectively use natural resources.

PRESERVING AND USING RESOURCES

• much labour in stores of food for winter

• tasks requiring time done in winter months

• preserving foodo most common

preservation was drying – wind, sun, heat and smoke

o structures built for drying/smoking

o storage in bentwood boxes, raised caches or underground pits

Page 6: LIVING ON THE LAND CHAPTER 2. HARVESTING RESOURCES wide variety of technologies developed and used high degree of skill to effectively use natural resources.

•hideso raw hide for cord and drumso valuable for clothing, footwear, shelterso tanning a complex technology needing skill and knowledge

Page 7: LIVING ON THE LAND CHAPTER 2. HARVESTING RESOURCES wide variety of technologies developed and used high degree of skill to effectively use natural resources.

•textiles and basketso plant fibres used for clothing, mats, baskets, rope and twineo women usually had role of gathering and processing plants

specialized knowledge of where and how to gather and skills to process

o weaving and basket making developed into complex art almost always done by women

robes signifying power, social status, spiritual Coast Salish highly regarded

raised dog for soft hair collected mountain goat wool

northern coast ceremonial robes called Raven’s tail blanket and Chilkat blanket

Page 8: LIVING ON THE LAND CHAPTER 2. HARVESTING RESOURCES wide variety of technologies developed and used high degree of skill to effectively use natural resources.

• making tools and household goodso winter replenished tools neededo most knew how to make tools requiredo some experts in to make sophisticated toolso nothing wasted of resources – all parts usedo hunter’s most important tool – bow and arrows

skill determined success of hunt great expertise needed to grind, pierce, and smooth material for utility and beauty

o woodworking required great skill larger items specialized by men

Page 9: LIVING ON THE LAND CHAPTER 2. HARVESTING RESOURCES wide variety of technologies developed and used high degree of skill to effectively use natural resources.

•creating sheltero different architecture for summer and winter shelters

light and portable in summero southern interior

winter pit house excavated into ground with conical roof up to 30 people in a structure

ocoastal used cedar trees for large plank houses known as longhouses or big houses distinct architectural styles planks could be removed and transported important cultural entity and part of social organization

Page 10: LIVING ON THE LAND CHAPTER 2. HARVESTING RESOURCES wide variety of technologies developed and used high degree of skill to effectively use natural resources.

• transportationo interior – usually walked until arrival of horse in 1700s

developed and maintained network of trails built bridges

o coast – mainly canoe (cedar) canoe size to 18m streamlined to travel great distance and carry large cargo

Page 11: LIVING ON THE LAND CHAPTER 2. HARVESTING RESOURCES wide variety of technologies developed and used high degree of skill to effectively use natural resources.

MANAGING THE RESOURCES

• traditional way of life integrated social, economic, spiritual elements, natural world, and human world

The 1996 Report of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples defined spirituality in terms of First Nations people in their relationship to the land and resource management:

Spirituality, in Aboriginal discourse, is not a system of beliefs that can be defined like a religion; it is a way of life in which people acknowledge that every element of the material world is in some sense infused with spirit, and all human behaviour is affected by, and in turn has an effect in, a non-material, spiritual realm.

Page 12: LIVING ON THE LAND CHAPTER 2. HARVESTING RESOURCES wide variety of technologies developed and used high degree of skill to effectively use natural resources.

• spiritual as significant to relationship with land and resource management (45)

o way of lifeo every element of material world is infused with spirito human behaviour affected by and effects non-material, spiritual realmo example: celebration of earth’s annual rebirth

respect and appreciations for new season thanked resources for sharing themselves and explained how they would be used

o months named after the seasonal activity or resource gatheredo special spiritual ceremonies celebrated arrival of key resources

First Salmon, First Fruit, First Root

Page 13: LIVING ON THE LAND CHAPTER 2. HARVESTING RESOURCES wide variety of technologies developed and used high degree of skill to effectively use natural resources.

• administering resources variedo band would hold territorial rights, but share with other bands

example: St’at’mic family hold rights to specific fishing spots, but once caught all fish needed, others could use the place

o hereditary chiefs responsible for prosperity and safety of group

organized economic activities, maintained prestige and social position, lead spiritual pursuits decisions made consensus Elders and chiefs all members gave labour and goods to common good of group

Page 14: LIVING ON THE LAND CHAPTER 2. HARVESTING RESOURCES wide variety of technologies developed and used high degree of skill to effectively use natural resources.

A concept map is a diagram showing the relationships among concepts. They are graphical tools for organizing and representing knowledge.Concepts, usually represented as boxes or circles, are connected with labeled arrows in a downward-branching hierarchical structure. The relationship between concepts can be articulated in linking phrases such as "gives rise to", "results in", "is required by," or "contributes to".[1]

The technique for visualizing these relationships among different concepts is called "Concept mapping".

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concept_map