Lesson XLII

Lesson XLII

Forms of “possum”Translating participles

factum, facti (n,)

deed

certus, certa, certum

fixed, sure

notus, nota, notum

known, familiar

paratus, parata, paratum

prepared, ready

tertius, tertia, tertium

third

cerno, cernere, crevi, cretus

discern, see

commoveo, commovere,

commovi, commotus

disturb, alarm

possum, posse, potui, ----

can, be able (+ infinitive)

rogo, rogare, rogavi, rogatus

ask

Participles Used as Adjectives and Nouns

• You’ve already met participles!• The 4th principal part of a verb is the PERFECT

PASSIVE PARTICIPLE.• The participle is an ADJECTIVE form of the

verb!• paro, parare, paravi, paratus: to prepare• PARATUS: “prepared” or “having been

prepared”

Participles Used as Adjectives and Nouns

• nosco, noscere, novi, notus: to learn• NOTUS: known (having been learned)• porto, portare, portavi, portatus: to carry• PORTATUS: carried, having been carried• facio, facere, feci, factus: to do• FACTUS: having been done

Participles Used as Adjectives and Nouns

• Remember that adjectives can be used as nouns: bonus---the good man, bona---the good woman, bonum---the good thing

• Participles are adjectives, and adjectives can be used as nouns, therefore, participles can be used as nouns! (A=B and B=C, ergo A=C)

• notus: the known man (aka, an acquaintance)• factum: the done thing (aka, “deed”---one of

your vocab words this lesson!)

factum, facti (n,)

deed

certus, certa, certum

fixed, sure

notus, nota, notum

known, familiar

paratus, parata, paratum

prepared, ready

tertius, tertia, tertium

third

cerno, cernere, crevi, cretus

discern, see

commoveo, commovere,

commovi, commotus

disturb, alarm

possum, posse, potui, ----

can, be able (+ infinitive)

rogo, rogare, rogavi, rogatus

ask

Your Turn!

• We’ll take 5-10 minutes to do Workbook page 153, Ex. A and B (1-10)

• The answer to exercise A is “substantive.”• Now…try Ex. B!

possum, posse, potui, ---- : can, be able

• Possum is a form of “sum.”• Possum’s BFF is an infinitive.• I can swim = I am able to swim.• She can dance = she is able to dance.

Singular Plural

1st person possumI can, am able

possumusWe can, are able

2nd person potesYou can, are able

potestisY’all can, are able

3rd person potestHe/she/it can, is able

possuntThey can, are able

Present Tense Chart for “possum”

Singular Plural

1st person possumI can, am able

possumusWe can, are able

2nd person potesYou can, are able

potestisY’all can, are able

3rd person potestHe/she/it can, is able

possuntThey can, are able

Present Tense Chart for “possum”

Singular Plural

1st person poteramI could, was able

poteramusWe could, were able

2nd person poterasYou could, were able

poteratisY’all could, were able

3rd person poteratHe/she/it could, was able

poterantThey could, were able

Imperfect Tense Chart for “possum”

Singular Plural

1st person poteroI shall be able

poterimusWe will be able

2nd person poterisYou will be able

poteritisY’all will be able

3rd person poteritHe/she/it will be able

poteruntThey will be able

Future Tense Chart for “possum”

Singular Plural

1st person potuiI was able, have been able

potuimusWe were able, have been able

2nd person potuistiYou were able, have been able

potuistisY’all were able, have been able

3rd person potuitHe/she/it was able, has been able

potueruntThey were able, have been able

Perfect Tense Chart for “possum, posse, POTUI, ---”The pluperfect and future perfect tenses use the same stem, POTU-.

They use the regular pluperfect endings (-eram, -eras, etc., HAD BEEN ABLE…) and regular future perfect tendings (-ero, -eris, etc., WILL HAVE

BEEN ABLE)

factum, facti (n,)

deed

certus, certa, certum

fixed, sure

notus, nota, notum

known, familiar

paratus, parata, paratum

prepared, ready

tertius, tertia, tertium

third

cerno, cernere, crevi, cretus

discern, see

commoveo, commovere,

commovi, commotus

disturb, alarm

possum, posse, potui, ----

can, be able (+ infinitive)

rogo, rogare, rogavi, rogatus

ask

Your Turn!

Time to practice possum!

Workbook page 154, Exercise D.

A full list of the forms of “possum” are found on page 510 of your textbook.

We’ll take 5-10 minutes for this practice.

Time To Practice!

• Ambulare possum.• I am able to walk./I can walk.• Potesne legere?• Are you able to read?/Can you read?• Puella dicere potest.• The girl is able to speak./The girl can speak.• Pugnare possumus.• We are able to fight./We can fight.

More Practice---Different Tenses!

• Agricola carrum trahere non poterit.• The farmer will not be able to drag the cart.• Populus ducem videre non potuerat.• The populace had not been able to see the

general.• Cibum portare potuerimus.• We shall have been able to carry the food.

A Little More Practice!

• Magister discipulos docere poterat.• The teacher was able to teach the students.• The teacher could teach the students.• Femina liberos monere non poterit!• The woman will not be able to warn the

children!

Bibliotheca (The Library)

• Magister: Potesne legere, discipule?• Gaius: Sic, legere possum. Meus amicus etiam

legere potest. • Magister: Potesne legere, Luci?• Lucius: Olim legere non poteram, sed nunc possum.

Legere est mihi gratum!• Magister: Optime! Quos libros amas?• Lucius: Omnes libros amo. Sed multos libros non

habeo, quod magnam pecuniam non habeo.• Magister: Bibliothecae multos libros habent. Libros

sine pecunia e bibliotheca capere poteris. • Gaius: Multos libros e bibliotheca saepe capere

potui. Ad bibliothecam ambulare possumus, Luci!