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"Computer" wasoriginally a job title
It was used to describe
those human beings(predominantly women)whose job it was toperform the repetitivecalculations required to
compute such things asnavigational tables, tidecharts, and planetarypositions forastronomical almanacs.
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It was used in 300 B.C.
by the Babylonians.
It was an early aid formathematical
computations.
Its only value is that itaids the memory of
the human performing
the calculation.
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Invented by Scotsman
named John Napier in
1617.
It allows
multiplication to be
performed viaaddition
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In 1642 Blaise Pascal,at age 19, inventedthe Pascaline as anaid for his father whowas a tax collector.
Precursor of the
mechanicalcalculators of the1960s
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German Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (lee-bnits) invented
the stepped reckoner
Four function calculator addition, subtraction,
multiplication, division
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In 1801 the FrenchmanJoseph Marie Jacquardinvented a power loom
that could base itsweave (and hence thedesign on the fabric)upon a pattern
automatically readfrom punched woodencards, held together ina long row by rope.
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Invented by an English
mathematician named
Charles BabbageFirst mechanical
general-purpose
computer using
punched cards for
routine tasks
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Invented by Herman Hollerithfor the U.S. census
Consisted of a card readerwhich sensed the holes in the
cards, a gear driven mechanismwhich could count (usingPascal's mechanism which westill see in car odometers), anda large wall of dial indicators (acar speedometer is a dialindicator) to display the resultsof the count.
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1920
First accounting
application ofpunched cards
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1937
Invented by John V.Atanasoff for physicscalculations
First use of electronicmedium, binarysystem, memory, andlogic circuits
First electronic digitalcomputer
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1944
Invented by Howard
Aiken
First electromechanical
computer
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One of the primaryprogrammers for the Mark I wasa woman, Grace Hopper.Hopper found the firstcomputer "bug": a dead moththat had gotten into the Mark I
and whose wings were blockingthe reading of the holes in thepaper tape.
The word "bug" had been usedto describe a defect since at
least 1889 but Hopper iscredited with coining the word"debugging" to describe thework to eliminate programfaults.
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ENIAC was conceived and
designed by John Mauchly and
J. Presper Eckert of the
University of Pennsylvania in
1946.
First fully operational
electronic computer
ENIAC was designed to
calculate artillery firing tablesfor the U.S. Army's Ballistic
Research Laboratory, but its
first use was in calculations for
the hydrogen bomb.
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Developed by Mauchly
and Eckert in 1951.
First commercially
viable electronic digitalcomputer
1st generation of
computers
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1954
Logical upgrade to
existing punched card
machines
One of IBMs early
computers, and the
worlds first mass-produced computer.
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1959
Transistorized
computers
2nd generation of
computers
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1963
Introduced by Digital
Equipment Corporation
First transistorized
minicomputer
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1964
3rd generation of
computers built around
integrated circuits (ICs)
Possible upgrade
without data loss
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1971
Most computer
vendors wouldclassify their
computers as fourth
generation
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4th generation of
computers
characterized by further
miniaturizationPersonal computers
COMPUTER
BASICS
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