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Lesson 2 Computer History

Apr 05, 2018

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Lea Lazaro
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    "Computer" wasoriginally a job title

    It was used to describe

    those human beings(predominantly women)whose job it was toperform the repetitivecalculations required to

    compute such things asnavigational tables, tidecharts, and planetarypositions forastronomical almanacs.

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    It was used in 300 B.C.

    by the Babylonians.

    It was an early aid formathematical

    computations.

    Its only value is that itaids the memory of

    the human performing

    the calculation.

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    Invented by Scotsman

    named John Napier in

    1617.

    It allows

    multiplication to be

    performed viaaddition

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    In 1642 Blaise Pascal,at age 19, inventedthe Pascaline as anaid for his father whowas a tax collector.

    Precursor of the

    mechanicalcalculators of the1960s

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    German Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (lee-bnits) invented

    the stepped reckoner

    Four function calculator addition, subtraction,

    multiplication, division

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    In 1801 the FrenchmanJoseph Marie Jacquardinvented a power loom

    that could base itsweave (and hence thedesign on the fabric)upon a pattern

    automatically readfrom punched woodencards, held together ina long row by rope.

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    Invented by an English

    mathematician named

    Charles BabbageFirst mechanical

    general-purpose

    computer using

    punched cards for

    routine tasks

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    Invented by Herman Hollerithfor the U.S. census

    Consisted of a card readerwhich sensed the holes in the

    cards, a gear driven mechanismwhich could count (usingPascal's mechanism which westill see in car odometers), anda large wall of dial indicators (acar speedometer is a dialindicator) to display the resultsof the count.

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    1920

    First accounting

    application ofpunched cards

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    1937

    Invented by John V.Atanasoff for physicscalculations

    First use of electronicmedium, binarysystem, memory, andlogic circuits

    First electronic digitalcomputer

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    1944

    Invented by Howard

    Aiken

    First electromechanical

    computer

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    One of the primaryprogrammers for the Mark I wasa woman, Grace Hopper.Hopper found the firstcomputer "bug": a dead moththat had gotten into the Mark I

    and whose wings were blockingthe reading of the holes in thepaper tape.

    The word "bug" had been usedto describe a defect since at

    least 1889 but Hopper iscredited with coining the word"debugging" to describe thework to eliminate programfaults.

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    ENIAC was conceived and

    designed by John Mauchly and

    J. Presper Eckert of the

    University of Pennsylvania in

    1946.

    First fully operational

    electronic computer

    ENIAC was designed to

    calculate artillery firing tablesfor the U.S. Army's Ballistic

    Research Laboratory, but its

    first use was in calculations for

    the hydrogen bomb.

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    Developed by Mauchly

    and Eckert in 1951.

    First commercially

    viable electronic digitalcomputer

    1st generation of

    computers

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    1954

    Logical upgrade to

    existing punched card

    machines

    One of IBMs early

    computers, and the

    worlds first mass-produced computer.

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    1959

    Transistorized

    computers

    2nd generation of

    computers

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    1963

    Introduced by Digital

    Equipment Corporation

    First transistorized

    minicomputer

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    1964

    3rd generation of

    computers built around

    integrated circuits (ICs)

    Possible upgrade

    without data loss

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    1971

    Most computer

    vendors wouldclassify their

    computers as fourth

    generation

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    4th generation of

    computers

    characterized by further

    miniaturizationPersonal computers

    COMPUTER

    BASICS

    http://lesson%203%20computer%20basics.pptx/http://lesson%203%20computer%20basics.pptx/http://lesson%203%20computer%20basics.pptx/