Less01 DB Architecture MB3

1Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Introduction

Copyright © 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.1-2

Course Objectives

After completing this course, you should be able to do the following:

• Install, create, and administer Oracle Database 10g

• Configure the database for an application

• Employ basic monitoring procedures

• Implement a backup and recovery strategy

• Move data between databases and files


Suggested Schedule

1. Introduction

2. Installation

3. DB Creation

4. Instance

5. Storage

6. Users

7. Schema

8. Data & Concurrency

9. Undo

10. Security

11. Network

12. Proactive Maintenance

13. Performance

14. Backup & Recovery Concepts

15. Backup

16. Recovery17. Flashback18. Moving Data


Lesson Objectives

After completing this lesson, you should be able to do the following:

• Describe the course objectives

• Explain the Oracle Database 10g architecture


Oracle Products and Services

• Oracle databases

• Oracle Application Server

• Oracle applications

• Oracle Collaboration Suite

• Oracle Developer Suite

• Oracle services


Oracle Database 10g:“g” Stands for Grid

• Global Grid Forum (GGF)

• Oracle’s grid infrastructure:– Low cost– High quality of service– Easy to manage

AutomaticStorage

Management

RealApplication

Clusters

OracleStreams

EnterpriseManager

Grid Control

Storagegrid

Databasegrid

Applicationgrid

Gridcontrol


Oracle Database Architecture

An Oracle server:

• Is a database management system that provides an open, comprehensive, integrated approach to information management

• Consists of an Oracle instance and an Oracle database


Database Structures

Storage structures

Memory structures

Process structures

Instance

System Global Area (SGA)

Background processes

Database files

DB structures - Memory - Process - Storage


Oracle Memory Structures .

Java poolDatabase

buffer cacheRedo log

buffer

Shared pool Large pool

SGA

Streams pool

Serverprocess

1PGA

Serverprocess

2PGA

Backgroundprocess

PGA

DB structures> Memory

ProcessStorage


Process Structures

• User process: Is started at the time a database user requests a connection to the Oracle server

• Server process: Connects to the Oracle instance and is started when a user establishes a session

• Background processes: Are started when an Oracle instance is started

Instance

SGA

Background

processes

Serverprocess

PGA

User process

DB structuresMemory

> Process Storage


Oracle Instance Management

SystemMonitor(SMON)

DatabaseWriter

(DBWn)

LogWriter(LGWR)

ProcessMonitor(PMON)

Archiver(ARCn)

SGA

Java pool

Shared pool Large poolStreams pool

Databasebuffer cache

Redo log buffer

Checkpoint(CKPT)

Controlfiles

Datafiles

Redo logfiles

Archive log files


Server Process and Database Buffer Cache

Buffers:

• Pinned

• Clean

• Free or unused

• Dirty

DBWn

Serverprocess

SGA

Databasebuffer cache

Data files


Physical Database Structure .

Online redo log files

Password file

Parameter file Archive log files

Control files Data files

Alert and trace log files

Backup files

DB structuresMemoryProcess

> Storage


Tablespaces and Data Files

• Tablespaces consist of one or more data files.

• Data files belong to only one tablespace.

USERS tablespace

Data file 1 Data file 2


SYSTEM and SYSAUX Tablespaces

• The SYSTEM and SYSAUX tablespaces are mandatory tablespaces.

• They are created at the time of database creation.

• They must be online.

• The SYSTEM tablespace is used for core functionality (for example, data dictionary tables).

• The auxiliary SYSAUX tablespace is used for additional database components (such as the Enterprise Manager Repository).


Segments, Extents, and Blocks

• Segments exist within a tablespace.

• Segments are made up of a collection of extents.

• Extents are a collection of data blocks.

• Data blocks are mapped to disk blocks.

Segment Extents Data blocks

Disk blocks


Logical and Physical Database Structures

Database

Logical Physical

Tablespace Data file

OS block

Segment

Extent

Oracle datablock

Schema


Course Examples: The HR Schema

REGIONSREGION_ID (PK)REGION_NAME

COUNTRIESCOUNTRY_ID (PK)COUNTRY_NAMEREGION_ID (FK)

LOCATIONSLOCATION_ID (PK)STREET_ADDRESSPOSTAL_CODECITYSTATE_PROVINCECOUNTRY_ID (FK)

DEPARTMENTSDEPARTMENT_ID (PK)DEPARTMENT_NAMEMANAGER_IDLOCATION_ID (FK)

JOBSJOB_ID (PK)JOB_TITLEMIN_SALARYMAX_SALARY

EMPLOYEESEMPLOYEE_ID (PK)FIRST_NAMELAST_NAMEEMAILPHONE_NUMBERHIRE_DATEJOB_ID (FK)SALARYCOMMISION_PCTMANAGER_ID (FK)DEPARTMENT_ID (FK)

JOB_HISTORYEMPLOYEE_ID (PK)START_DATE (PK)END_DATEJOB_ID (FK)DEPARTMENT_ID (FK)

REGIONS

COUNTRIES

LOCATIONS

DEPARTMENTS

JOBS

EMPLOYEES

JOB_HISTORY


Database Architecture:Summary of Structural Components

• Memory structures:– System Global Area (SGA): Database buffer cache,

redo buffer, and various pools– Program Global Area (PGA)

• Process structures:– User process and Server process– Background processes: SMON, PMON, DBWn,

CKPT, LGWR, ARCn, and so on

• Storage structures:– Logical: Database, schema, tablespace, segment,

extent, and Oracle block– Physical: Files for data, parameters, redo, and OS

block


Summary

In this lesson, you should have learned how to:

• Install, create, and administer Oracle Database 10g

• Configure the database for an application

• Employ basic monitoring procedures

• Implement a backup and recovery strategy

• Move data between databases and files

Less01 DB Architecture MB3

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