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Lecture on Histology of Breast by Dr. Roomi

Apr 05, 2018

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Mudassar Roomi
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    HISTOLOGY OF BREAT

    By

    Dr. Mudassar Ali Roomi (MBBS, M. Phil)

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    mammary gland

    Emryology of mammary gland??

    Each mammary gland iscomposed of numerouscompound tubuloalveolar glands(15-20 lobes).

    each lobe is a separate gland withits own lactiferous sinus and a L.duct (2-4.5 cm long).

    L. duct opens at the apex of thenipplewhich has 15-25 pore-likeopenings each about 0.5 mm indiameter.

    Adjacent lobes are separated byinterlobar C.T.

    Each lobe is divided into lobulesby intralobar C.T.

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    DEVELOPMENT OFBREAST AT PUBERTY

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    ducts of mammary gland

    Intralobular andinterlobular ducts: linedby simple cuboidalepithelium

    Lactiferous duct: linedby stratified cuboidalepithelium

    Close to the nipple theepi. of lact. Ductbecomes st. squamous.

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    Resting or inactive

    mammary glands (in

    adult, nonpregnantwomen)

    glandular tissue is sparse.

    No alveoli

    Intralobular ducts (tubules)

    and interlobular ducts arepresent.

    Intralobular C.T. is abundant

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    inactive breast

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    mammary glands-

    early pregnancy

    Alveoli are formed

    Interlobular fat and C.T. isreduced

    Intralobular C.T. is alsoreduced and is infilteratedby plasma cells andlymphocytes

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    Breast in

    pregnancy

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    mammary glands-

    late pregnancy

    Alveoli enlarge and begin to

    produce some secretion

    Alveoli are lined by simple

    cuboidal epithelium

    Alveolar cells are surrounded byan incomplete layer of

    myoepithelial cells.

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    Breast in

    pregnancy

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    Active (lactating)

    mammary glands

    Secretion accumulates inmany of the alveoli due towhich they become distended

    Intralobular ducts appear

    structurally similar to alveoli

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    lactating mammary

    glands

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    Active (lactating) mammary glands

    Alveolar cells are richlyendowed with RER andcontain several Golgicomplexes, numerousmitochondria, lipid droplets,

    and vesicles containing milkprotein (caseins) and lactose.

    Secretion by alveolar cells Lipids are released into the

    alveolar lumen via the apocrinemode of secretion.

    Proteins and sugars arereleased into the alveolarlumen via the merocrine modeof secretion.

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    Mammary gland- After

    lactation

    after weaning mammarygland returns to the inactivestate

    Alveoli decrease in size andgradually disappear (by

    apoptosis) C.T and fat becomes abundant

    again just like inactive state

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    After menopause

    Secretory epithelium atrophies

    Few remnants of duct system remains

    C.T becomes inreasingly dense andhomogeneous

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    I.D. Points

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    MEDICAL APPLICATION

    When a woman is breast-feeding,the nursing action of the childstimulates tactile receptors in thenipple, resulting in liberation ofthe posterior pituitary hormoneoxytocin .

    This hormone causes contractionof the smooth muscle of thelactiferous sinuses and ducts, aswell as the myoepithelial cells ofalveoli, resulting in the milk-ejection reflex.

    Negative emotional stimuli, suchas frustration, anxiety, or anger,can inhibit the liberation ofoxytocin and thus prevent thereflex.

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    mammary carcinomas

    Most instances of breast cancer arisefrom epithelial cells of the lactiferousducts.

    Metastasis: via the circulatory orlymphatic vessels to critical organssuch as the lungs or brain areresponsible for the mortalityassociated with breast cancer.

    Axillary lymph nodes are removedsurgically and examined histologicallyfor the presence of metastaticmammary carcinoma cells.

    How to reduce the mortality: Early

    detection (eg, through self-examination, mammography,ultrasound, and other techniques)and consequent early treatment.

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