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Lecture 1: Pulverised coal combustion carbon capture and storage, GHG reduction and oxyfuel technology APP OFWG Capacity Building Course, Monday/Tuesday 15/16 March, 2010 Xijiao Hotel, Beijing, China Professor Terry Wall OFWG Project Leader and University of Newcastle, Australia
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Lecture 1: Pulverised coal combustion carbon capture …ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/2nd_App_OFWG/Public Version (PDF... · Lecture 1: Pulverised coal combustion carbon capture and

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Page 1: Lecture 1: Pulverised coal combustion carbon capture …ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/2nd_App_OFWG/Public Version (PDF... · Lecture 1: Pulverised coal combustion carbon capture and

Lecture 1: Pulverised coal combustion carbon

capture and storage, GHG reduction and oxyfuel technology

APP OFWG Capacity Building Course, Monday/Tuesday 15/16 March, 2010

Xijiao Hotel, Beijing, China

Professor Terry Wall

OFWG Project Leader and

University of Newcastle, Australia

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Content and references

Lecture content:

1. CCS technology comparisons

2. Carbon avoidance costs

3. Oxyfuel technology status

References:

B.J.P. Buhre, L.K. Elliott, C.D. Sheng, R.P. Gupta, and T.F. Wall, Oxy-Fuel Combustion Technology For Coal-Fired Power Generation, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 31, 283-307, 2005.

T. F. Wall, Combustion processes for carbon capture, Invited plenary lecture and review, 31st International Symposium on Combustion, University of Heidelberg, Proceedings of The Combustion Institute, 31, 31-47, 2007.

Terry Wall, Yinghui Liu, Chris Spero, Liza Elliott, Sameer Khare, Renu Rathnam, Farida Zeenathal, Behdad Moghtaderi, Bart Buhre, Changdong Scheng, Raj Gupta, Toshihiko Yamada, Keiji Makino, Jianglong Yu, An overview on oxyfuel coal combustion—state of the art research and technology development, Chemical Engineering Research and Design (ChERD), Volume 87, Issue 8, Pages 1003-1016, 2009.

… and web links on OFWG site http://www.newcastle.edu.au/project/oxy-fuel-working-group/links.html

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IPCC report on “Climate Change 2007: The Physical

Science Basis”, released Feb 2, 2007

Most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations.

For the next two decades a warming of about 0.2°C per decade is projected for a range of emission scenarios. Even if the concentrations of all greenhouse gases and aerosols had been kept constant at year 2000 levels, a further warming of about 0.1°C per decade would be expected.

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Reports other than IPCC

IEA CCS technology costs, 2003-5

Stern Report, 2007 – act now or costs greater later

MIT coal report, 2007 – coal needs CCS

McKinsey Report, 2007 – CCS costs in context

GCCI Report, 2009 – status of CCS

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Course focus: Why power generation? Why

coal? Why CCS?

Thambimuthu, GHCT-8 Conference Opening Session, June, 2006. ― Need to focus on

• Power generation, the main source of emissions

• Coal, the main fuel for power generation

• Saline aquifers, the largest potential store ‖

Coal emits more CO2 per energy than other fuels, but is a relatively secure energy source

CCS R&D emphasis on coal technology

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CO2

storage capacity

Capacity

• In highly prospective and prospective areas, suitable saline aquifer formations, oil or gas fields, or coal beds, at least

• 2,000 GtCO2 ~ 150 years of worldwide CO2 from large stationary sources

Matching CO2 sources and storage sinks

• 30-60% of CO2 emissions from electricity generation and 30-40% of those from industry would be suitable for capture in the future

• IPCC study uses 1-8 US$/tCO2 for 250 km transport

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7

PCC, post-combustion capture, with

additional plant noted in red

Conventional (pf) Power Generation CO2 Capture

Boiler or

Gas Turbine

de NOx /

FGD

Steam

Turbine

Solvent

scrubbing

Steam

Air

Fuel

Power CO2

compression CO2

Vented

N2, O2, H2O,

some CO2

Flue gas

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IGCC-CCS, pre-combustion capture

Gasification Shift Conversion

CO+H2O H2+CO2

Air

Separation

Unit (ASU)

CO2 capture/

acid gas

removal

Oxygen

Steam

Sulphur

recovery

CO2

compression

Coal, fed dry

or as slurry

H2S

CO2

Combined

Cycle

Nitrogen Air Power

Air

Sulphur

Air

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Oxy- fuel

Boiler or

Gas Turbine

Ash removal /

cooler /

condenser / FGD

Steam

Turbine

Purification /

compression

Steam

Oxygen

Fuel

Power

CO2 (SO2)

CO2 –rich

Flue Gas

Air

Separation

unit (ASU)

Air

Recycled Flue Gas (RFG)

Nitrogen

Conc.

Stream

of CO2

Vent

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Status: Examples of operating plants,

www.co2captureandstorage.info

Technology Location Coal Power Capture Storage

PCC Warrier Run*, Chiba*, Bellingham

X* X X

IGCC 4 power plants- USA, EU

Many refineries

X

X

X

X X

Oxyf Kimberlina X X

Storage Weyburn*, Sleipner, In Salah X* X X

Status: Some demonstrations of coal-fired integrated plants

PCC RWE (Germany) Post - 2009

IGCC-CCS Futuregen (USA), 275 MWe

RWE (Germany), 400-450 MWe

Stanwell (Australia), 200 MWe

2012

2014

2012

Oxyf Vattenfall (Germany), 30 MWt

Callide (Australia), 30 MWe

2008

2010

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CCS options, with desirable characteristics

indicated X

Option Integrated plant

demonstratedat commercial

scale

For retrofit

Can be applied to

slip-stream

No O2supply

No CO2capture

Gives H2

PCC X X X

IGCC-CCS

X

Oxyf X X

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Zero emission technology (ZET) targets and CO2

release

Emissions, from IEA (2005)

SO2 – 98-99 % removalNOx – 25-50 mg/m3Particulates – 1-10 mg/m3

CO2 release, g/kWh, from IEA technology reports (2003-2005)

Pf+FGD, without capture 710-910

PCC 117IGCC-CCS, dry 142IGCC-CCS, slurry 152Oxyfuel 92

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Efficiency comparisons with and without

capture, neglecting transport and storage

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

PCC IGCC-CCS

slurryIGCC-CCS

dry

Oxyf

Technology

Eff

icie

ncy,

% L

HV

With CCS

PCC IGCC IGCC Oxyf

-slurry -dry

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Contribution of industry technology segments to

reduce CO2 emissions

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GHG global reductions in the power sector in 2030 – CCS

significance

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CCS projects worldwide

Commercial scale and integrated projects :

• projects storing or proposing to store 1 Mtpa or greater of CO2

• CCS projects that are integrated, that is, combines the CO2 capture

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Historical progression of oxyfuel technology, with

projects without electricity generation scaled to MWe/3

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Oxyfuel pilot plants and demonstration projects

PROJECT Location MWth Start Up Year Boiler Type Main Fuel CO2 Train

B & W USA 30 2007 Pilot PC Bit, Sub B., Lig.

Jupiter USA 20 2007 Industr. No FGR NG, Coal

Oxy-coal UK UK 40 2009 Pilot PC Bituminous

Alstom (Windsor Facility) USA 15 2009 Pilot PC (Tangential) Bit., Sub B., PRB

Vattenfall Germany 30 2008 Pilot PC Lignite (Bit.) With CCS

Total, Lacq France 30 2009 Industrial boiler NG With CCS

Callide Australia 90 2011 30 MWe PC Bituminous With CCS

CIUDEN – PC Spain 20 2010 Pilot PC Anthra. Bit, Lig. Coke With CCS

CIUDEN – CFB Spain 30 2010 Pilot CFB Anthra. Bit, Lig. Coke With CCS

ENEL HP Oxy Italy 48 2012 Pilot Plant Coal

HBPA – Michigan / Praxair USA 225 2014? ~75 MWe CFB Bit. With CCS

Vattenfall (Janschwalde) Germany ~1000 2014? ~300 MWe PC Lignite (Bit.) With CCS

Endesa/CIUDEN Spain ~1000 2015? ~300 MWe CFB? ? With CCS

Black Hills Power/B&W/AL USA ~400 2015? ~100 MWe PC With CCS

KOSEP/KEPRI Yongdong Korea ~400 2018? ~100 MWe PC ? ?

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Sequence to commercialization, proposed by S Santos,

at the IEA Oxyfuel Conference, 2009

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Components of the roadmap to deployment

2010 2015 2020 2025

- Partial demonstration, without

CCS or power generation

- Integrated

demonstration

- Integrated and

CCS>1Mtpa

First generation technology Second generation

Research

- Pilot-scale testing and

gas cleaning

-O2 supply- Thermal

integration

Regulation

- Gas quality, transport

and storage

PF USC efficiency target, with

CCS, %HHV40-42% >45%

Oxy-f

uel te

ch

nolo

gy

develo

pm

ent

Eff

icie

ncy

mile

sto

nes