Leadership Perspectives/ Theories & Models Leadership Theory Key Contributors ( year) Brief Description Limitations Pictures During the 18 th & 19th century, the Great Man Theory of Leadership became very popular. The theory was formulated mainly by analyzing the behaviours of powerful figures of the time. Great Man Theory- Hereditary Genius - Carlyle, 1841 Galton, 1869 • Belief that leaders possessed certain capacities, talents, traits that made them leaders. • The traits of leadership are intrinsic and are passed down from generation to generation. • Leaders are born not developed. • Lack of scientific basis • Does not consider behaviour, situation, values and relationship with others. Trait Theory Bingham 1927 Stogdill 1948-1974 Mann 1959 • Trait-based leadership theories comprise two major schools – the ‘great man’ theories of leadership, that great leaders are neither born nor made, but have certain trait (whether inherited or developed) that preconditions them to be effective leadership • It is controversial whether or not these traits are innate. • The effectiveness of certain leadership traits in different situations. • Lack of measurement of traits. Stogdill (1974) http://www.voteforus.com/leadershiptheories.h tml
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Leadership Perspectives/ Theories & Models
LeadershipTheory
Key Contributors( year)
Brief Description Limitations Pictures
During the 18th & 19th century, the Great Man Theory of Leadership became very popular. The theory was formulated mainly byanalyzing the behaviours of powerful figures of the time.
Great Man Theory-
Hereditary Genius -
Carlyle, 1841
Galton, 1869
• Belief that leaders possessed certain capacities, talents, traits that made them leaders.
• The traits of leadershipare intrinsic and are passed down from generation to generation.
• Leaders are born not developed.
• Lack of scientific basis
• Does not consider behaviour, situation, values and relationship with others.
Trait Theory Bingham 1927
Stogdill 1948-1974
Mann 1959
• Trait-based leadership theories comprise two major schools – the ‘great man’ theories of leadership, that great leaders are neither born nor made, but have certain trait (whether inherited or developed) that preconditions them to be effective leadership
• It is controversial whether or not these traits are innate.
• The effectiveness of certain leadership traits in different situations.
• Lack of measurement of traits. Stogdill (1974)
http://www.voteforus.com/leadershiptheories.h
tml
Leadership Perspectives/ Theories & Models
• The second part of the trait theory of leadership focused on analyzing mental, physical and social characteristic to gain more understanding of what is the characteristic or the combination of characteristics that effect leaders have.
During the mid 19th century the shift from leaders having innate traits to anyone can be a leader byteaching them the most appropriate behavioural response for any given situation.
Behaviour Theory Ohio State University 1940s
Arguris 1957,
Barnard 1938,
Follett 1926, 1998,Gouldner 1954,
• Ohio State University developed a list of 150 statements.
• The list measure nine different behavioural leadership dimensions.
• LBDQ or the Leaders Behavior Description Questionnaire.
• Looks at human behaviour,
• Focus on typical behavioural patterns by
• Leaders can cause theirfollowers to behave in acertain way weather effective or non-effective
• Lack of consistent behaviour in certain situation
Ratzburg
(2005)http://www.geocities.ws/frtzw906/
Leadership Perspectives/ Theories & Models
Leadership Perspectives/ Theories & Models
Leadership Perspectives/ Theories & Models
Transactional Theory
Max Weber, (1947 ) and
Bernard Bass, (1981)
• Leadership is responsive
• Works within the organizational culture
• Followers achieve objectives through rewards and punishments set by leader
• Motivates followers by appealing to their own self-interest.