“ “ The experience of the The experience of the Canary and Balearic Canary and Balearic islands” islands” Lucila Candela Lucila Candela (Technical University of Catalonia-UPC) (Technical University of Catalonia-UPC) 3rd UNESCO‐GEF IW LEARN Integration Dialogue “Managing Groundwater in Coastal Areas and SIDS” 2 nd theme“A broader view at the governance of Coastal Aquifers”
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““The experience of the The experience of the Canary and Balearic islands”Canary and Balearic islands”
Lucila CandelaLucila Candela(Technical University of Catalonia-UPC)(Technical University of Catalonia-UPC)
3rd UNESCO‐GEF IW LEARN Integration Dialogue“Managing Groundwater in Coastal Areas and SIDS”
2nd theme“A broader view at the governance of Coastal Aquifers”
Canary Islands
Balearic Islands
•Water Legal framework dependent on the Autonomous region (Consejos Insulares de Agua)
THE CANARY ISLANDS: VOLCANIC TERRAINS
•2 M inhabitants (80% in two islands) •Precipitation: 100-400 mm/yr•Absence of runoff (high permeability)•Suggar-cane and bananas production•Great importance of tourism•Demand seasonality (300m3/in/yr available)• Water Markets-(WaterAct, 1999)
Cabrera, MC (2002)
•Galleries up to 6 km length; estimation: 2000 km•A number of wells (from 3m most shared by users assoc.•Development of informal ‘water markets’ since XV century (monetary compensation, water shifs, informal agreements….), water-holders
•Quality: salinization, nitrates and pesticides in groundwater
•Strategies:
• Improve management & technology, research
•Control of water demand reduce losses, public awareness and participation, economic tools, IWRM,
•Hydrologic plan acceptance
Groundwater problems
•Governance, Policy & Legislation
Projects to increase water supplyProjects to increase water supply
Wellfield
Springs
Dams
Desalination Plant
Storage
Artificial Recharge
Llubí
S’Estremera
Cúber
Sa Costera
Font de la Vila
Crestaix
Badia de Palma Desalination Plant
Son Pax
Ses Ufanes
Ses Planes
Alcudia Desalination PlantGorg Blau
Pollença
Font de Son Sant Joan
N
0 10 20 km
Existing Infrastructure
Under construction
Former project
Actual project
Integration of surface (reservoirs and springs) and groundwater resources (strategic aquifers).INFRASTUCTURE & IWRMUse of available desalinated water in winter periods .Uniform prize of water, and maximum efficiency of waterInterdiction of new wells constructionIncrease reuse of treated wastewater
Savings from rising awareness (Majorca, 2000)
80.000
100.000
120.000
140.000
160.000
180.000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
mesos
m3/
d
1999 real
2000 previst
2000 real
1.900.000 m3
Public participation Public participation campaignscampaigns
Water related governance structure: principles
The roles of : Government; Civil society & private sector
-Responsabilities regarding ownership, management and administration of water resources and services
Legislation: Water Act (29/1985 and amendments), Islands Act (Directives)
•Governance, Policy & Legislation
Legal framework: The formulation, stablishment and implementation of water policies, legislation and institutions
-Actors and roles : Water Basin and Institutions. Control relies in the Hydraulic Administration
-Urban supply provided by companies is responsibility of the municipal council; rural areas by private wells and water-tank trucks
- Participation instruments: Farmers, water supply companies, citizens, hotels… (stakeholders/citizens)
-Information management and sharing: Public participation at the Hydrologic Water Plan. Also expert advice through professional associations or academia.
Water policy and current instruments of water regulation also includes water prizing and water allocation, taxes and subsidies
Autonomous Government (Balearic Islands)
Autonomous Ministry for Environment
General Directorate of Water Resources
Governing Body executive
Balearic Water Council Counselling, participatory & planning
Island Water Board Counselling, participatory & planning
Exploitation
Propose: - water use and hydraulic works and the PHI definition -special provisions Output: -overexploited aquifers declaration
- protection zone perimeters -adopt measures against saltwater
intrusion -approve economic compensation
Propose: -report the PH to the CG -declaration of overexploited aquifers -determination of protection perimeters -measures to avoid saltwater intrusion -approval of general criteria for compensations -approval of rates, taxes and prices that apply
Output: -legal policies - water use and hydraulic works planning - PH submission to the Central Administration
for approval -define special provisions
Output: -policies on water public domain -authorise RTD projects - communities of users support &
promotion - concessions for water use - authorisations for effluent
discharges -expropriations (water issues)
Output: -program and budget of the Hydraulic Administration
- criteria for exploitation, water uses and water public domain
- promote Communities of User’s reports
Output: -participate as a consulting and counselling body in the planning of water resources
-know and inform about the PHIB and updates
-inform the issues considered by the legislative body
Output: -participate as a consulting and counselling body in the planning of the water resources
-report on the PHIB and revisions -inform the issues considered by the legislative body -control aquifers evolution along time and exploitation regimes
Propose: -criteria and guidelines for the PHIB
Water related governance structure-Legal framework