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The experience of the The experience of the Canary and Balearic Canary and Balearic islands” islands” Lucila Candela Lucila Candela (Technical University of Catalonia-UPC) (Technical University of Catalonia-UPC) 3rd UNESCO‐GEF IW LEARN Integration Dialogue “Managing Groundwater in Coastal Areas and SIDS2 nd theme“A broader view at the governance of Coastal Aquifers
14

Lc islands

May 18, 2015

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Page 1: Lc islands

““The experience of the The experience of the Canary and Balearic islands”Canary and Balearic islands”

Lucila CandelaLucila Candela(Technical University of Catalonia-UPC)(Technical University of Catalonia-UPC)

3rd UNESCO‐GEF IW LEARN Integration Dialogue“Managing Groundwater in Coastal Areas and SIDS”

2nd theme“A broader view at the governance of Coastal Aquifers”

Page 2: Lc islands

Canary Islands

Balearic Islands

•Water Legal framework dependent on the Autonomous region (Consejos Insulares de Agua)

Page 3: Lc islands

THE CANARY ISLANDS: VOLCANIC TERRAINS

•2 M inhabitants (80% in two islands) •Precipitation: 100-400 mm/yr•Absence of runoff (high permeability)•Suggar-cane and bananas production•Great importance of tourism•Demand seasonality (300m3/in/yr available)• Water Markets-(WaterAct, 1999)

Cabrera, MC (2002)

Page 4: Lc islands

•Galleries up to 6 km length; estimation: 2000 km•A number of wells (from 3m most shared by users assoc.•Development of informal ‘water markets’ since XV century (monetary compensation, water shifs, informal agreements….), water-holders

Page 5: Lc islands

WATER RESOURCES

hm3/yr Archipelago

hm3/yr*

(%)

1991 2000 2004 2009 1991 2000 2004

Conventional

Surface 1 0.5 0.5 27 0.5 0.2 0.2

Groundwater 203 196 197 343 95.8 91.0 87.0

Springs 8 4 4 3.8 1.9 1.8

Non conventional

Reuse 0 8 13 19 0 3.7 5.6

Desalination

0 7 12 132 0 3.2 5.4

TOTAL 212 216 226 516 100 100 100

Tenerife

*Custodio& Cabrera (2013)

Page 6: Lc islands

THE BALEARIC ISLANDS

Total Water Use in Majorca (1996): 246 Mm3

Agriculture: 150,2

Urban supply: 90,3

Golf courses: 3,2

Industry: 0,5Other uses: 1,8

Page 7: Lc islands

Permanent population: 609,000 inhabTourist arrival:

max: 405,000mean: 210,000

precipitation: 650 mm/year (average)

Surface Water (10%):Runoff:120 hm3/yearRegulation: scarce

Groundwater (90%):30.000 registered wells

Detrital and carbonate AquifersGroundwater associatewetlands

Page 8: Lc islands

• Demand increase & seasonality

•Social conflicts and ecosystem impacts (Balearic Is)

•Reserve exploitation & wells re-deepening (Canary Is)

•Increase cost of water supply

•Quality: salinization, nitrates and pesticides in groundwater

•Strategies:

• Improve management & technology, research

•Control of water demand reduce losses, public awareness and participation, economic tools, IWRM,

•Hydrologic plan acceptance

Groundwater problems

•Governance, Policy & Legislation

Page 9: Lc islands

Projects to increase water supplyProjects to increase water supply

Wellfield

Springs

Dams

Desalination Plant

Storage

Artificial Recharge

Llubí

S’Estremera

Cúber

Sa Costera

Font de la Vila

Crestaix

Badia de Palma Desalination Plant

Son Pax

Ses Ufanes

Ses Planes

Alcudia Desalination PlantGorg Blau

Pollença

Font de Son Sant Joan

N

0 10 20 km

Existing Infrastructure

Under construction

Former project

Actual project

Integration of surface (reservoirs and springs) and groundwater resources (strategic aquifers).INFRASTUCTURE & IWRMUse of available desalinated water in winter periods .Uniform prize of water, and maximum efficiency of waterInterdiction of new wells constructionIncrease reuse of treated wastewater

Page 10: Lc islands

Savings from rising awareness (Majorca, 2000)

80.000

100.000

120.000

140.000

160.000

180.000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

mesos

m3/

d

1999 real

2000 previst

2000 real

1.900.000 m3

Public participation Public participation campaignscampaigns

Page 11: Lc islands

Water related governance structure: principles

The roles of : Government; Civil society & private sector

-Responsabilities regarding ownership, management and administration of water resources and services

Legislation: Water Act (29/1985 and amendments), Islands Act (Directives)

•Governance, Policy & Legislation

Legal framework: The formulation, stablishment and implementation of water policies, legislation and institutions

HYDROLOGIC PLAN

Page 12: Lc islands

Legal framework (Water Act)-Water Management (quantity-quality): Ministry. Autonomous Regions.

-Actors and roles : Water Basin and Institutions. Control relies in the Hydraulic Administration

-Urban supply provided by companies is responsibility of the municipal council; rural areas by private wells and water-tank trucks

- Participation instruments: Farmers, water supply companies, citizens, hotels… (stakeholders/citizens)

-Information management and sharing: Public participation at the Hydrologic Water Plan. Also expert advice through professional associations or academia.

Water policy and current instruments of water regulation also includes water prizing and water allocation, taxes and subsidies

Page 13: Lc islands

Autonomous Government (Balearic Islands)

Autonomous Ministry for Environment

General Directorate of Water Resources

Governing Body executive

Balearic Water Council Counselling, participatory & planning

Island Water Board Counselling, participatory & planning

Exploitation

Propose: - water use and hydraulic works and the PHI definition -special provisions Output: -overexploited aquifers declaration

- protection zone perimeters -adopt measures against saltwater

intrusion -approve economic compensation

Propose: -report the PH to the CG -declaration of overexploited aquifers -determination of protection perimeters -measures to avoid saltwater intrusion -approval of general criteria for compensations -approval of rates, taxes and prices that apply

Output: -legal policies - water use and hydraulic works planning - PH submission to the Central Administration

for approval -define special provisions

Output: -policies on water public domain -authorise RTD projects - communities of users support &

promotion - concessions for water use - authorisations for effluent

discharges -expropriations (water issues)

Output: -program and budget of the Hydraulic Administration

- criteria for exploitation, water uses and water public domain

- promote Communities of User’s reports

Output: -participate as a consulting and counselling body in the planning of water resources

-know and inform about the PHIB and updates

-inform the issues considered by the legislative body

Output: -participate as a consulting and counselling body in the planning of the water resources

-report on the PHIB and revisions -inform the issues considered by the legislative body -control aquifers evolution along time and exploitation regimes

Propose: -criteria and guidelines for the PHIB

Water related governance structure-Legal framework

Page 14: Lc islands

Thank you for your attention!!!