Latin Root

LATIN WORD ELEMENTS IN ENGLISH

Edition-01

By: Md. Makhjanul Islam Tauhid.

Contact: 01196103435 & also at:

[email protected]

Latin Root(s)/citation

form

English sourceDefinition(s) Example(s) of Root(s)

acerbus, acris, acuere 

acerb,acu,acri,aci sharp, to

sharpen, needle, bitter 

Acerbate- Cause to be bitter or resentful; To irritate. Acerbic- Bitter and sour. Acumen- Quickness of perception, sharpness. Acupuncture- Treatment of pain or disease by inserting the tips of needles at specific points on the skin. Acuity- Sharpness (eg of mind, vision, etc) .Acrimony - A rough and bitter manner. Acidulate- Make sour or sourer. Acidophilic-(Especially of some bacteria) growing well in an acid medium.

aequare equ to make

equal, even 

Equivocate- use ambiguous words and expressions to mislead. Adequate- Having the requisite qualities or resources to meet a task. Equilibrium - A stable situation in which forces cancel one another. Equability-the condition of being uniform or equal. Equalitarian- A person who believes in the equality of all people. Equanimity- Evenness of mind or temper; the ability to stay cool in danger. Equative- Denoting identity or equivalence.

aevum eval

age 

Coeval- Of the same period. Medieval - Relating to or belonging to the Middle Ages. Primeval- earliest, first, original, early, old, ancient, prehistoric, primitive.

ager, agri, agro  agr

field Agrestic- Characteristic of the fields or country. Agronomy- The application of

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soil and plant sciences to land management and crop production.

agere, actum, agitare 

agi,act,age to act, to doAgility- The gracefulness of a person or animal that is quick and nimble. Agitate - Try to stir up public opinion.

alius ali

other, else 

Alias- A name that has been assumed temporarily. Alienate - Arouse hostility or indifference where there had formerly been love, affection, or friendliness.

alter  alter,adul other 

Altercation- Noisy quarrel. Alter ego- the other self; A very close and trusted friend who seems almost a part of yourself. Adulterate- Mixed with impurities. Adulate-Flatter other person in an obsequious manner. Adultery-Extramarital sex that willfully and maliciously interferes with marriage relations.

altus  alt high 

Altimeter- An instrument that measures the height above ground; used in navigation. Exaltation- A state of being carried away by overwhelming emotion. Alto - The highest adult male singing voice, above tenor.

ambulare  ambto walk, to go 

Preamble- A preliminary statement or introduction. Ambulatory - Relating to or adapted for walking. Amble-Walk at an easy pace.

amare, amor, amatum, amicus 

amat,ami,amo

to love, love, friend

Amateur- Someone who pursues a study or sport as a pastime. Amiable- friendly and pleasant in temperament; likeable. Amicable-In friendly spirit. Enamored- Marked by foolish or unreasoning fondness.

anima anim life, soul,

breath, mind 

Animism-The attribution of a soul to natural objects and phenomena. Animosity-A feeling of ill will arousing active hostility. Inanimate- Appearing dead; not breathing or having no perceptible pulse. Unanimous - In complete agreement.

annus 

enni/anni

year  Biennial-Recurring every two years. Centennial-a hundredth anniversary. Bicentennial - of or relating to an age or period of 200 years. Perennial -

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lasting through many years.

apparere  appa,appe to come forth, be visible 

Apparent- Clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment, appearance- Outward or visible aspect of a person or thing.

aptare, aptus, apere  apt,ept

to fit, suitable 

Aptitude-A natural propensity or talent. Adaptable-adjective able to adjust to new conditions. Ineptitude -having or showing no skill.

aqua  aqua water 

Aqueous-Similar to, containing or dissolved in water. Aquarelle-a painting in thin, usu. transparent watercolors. Aquatic- Relating to water. Aqueduct - a pipeline for water

arbiter  arbit judge 

Arbitration-(law) the hearing and determination of a dispute by an impartial referee agreed to by both parties (often used to settle disputes between labor and management). Arbitrary-based on random choice or personal whim, rather than any reason or system.

arbor arbor

tree 

Arboretum-A facility where trees and shrubs are cultivated for exhibition. Arboreal-Of or relating to or formed by trees, Arborist - someone working with trees. Arbor - a shady area formed by trees. Arborous - having many trees.

ardere  ardu,ardo to burnArduous-Steep; difficult to climb;Difficult to accomplish. Ardor- zeal, burning enthusiasm, passion.

artis  art art 

Artifice-clever or cunning devices or expedients, esp. as used to trick or deceive others. Artifact-A product of human art and workmanship. Artisan - a person skilled in a craft.

audire  aud to hear Audit-An official examination and verification of accounts. Audible - loud enough to be heard. Audiovisual - relating to sound and vision.

augere 

aug

to increase  Augmentation- the action or process of making or becoming greater in size or amount. Augur-Be a sign of something to come, esp. something important or bad, (increase the

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possibility of something to happen). August-inspiring reverence and admiration.  

avis avi

bird 

Avionics-Science and technology of electronic systems and devices for aeronautics and astronautics. Aviation-the flying or operating of aircraft. Aviary-a large cage, building, or enclosure for keeping birds in. Avian-of or relating to birds. Aviatrix - a female airplane pilot.

beatus  beat blessed, happy 

Beatific-Making blessed; imparting supreme happiness. Beatitude-Blessedness.

bellare, bellum 

belli to wage war, war 

Rebellious-Resisting control or authority. Bellicose- inclined to war or fighting; warlike. Belligerent - hostile, ready to fight. Rebel - person who opposes and fights.

bene  bene well 

Beneficent- Generous in assistance to the poor. Benefactor - person who gives money to a cause. Beneficial - producing a good effect. Benevolent - showing kindness or goodwill. Benediction-The act of praying for divine protection.

bonus, bon  bon good 

Bonanza-An especially rich vein of precious ore; A sudden happening that brings good fortune (as a sudden opportunity to make money). Bonny-Very pleasing to the eye. Bon voyage -An organized expression of goodwill at the start of a trip or new venture.

brevis  brev short, brief 

Abbreviate-shorten esp. represent (a word etc.) by a part of it. Breviary-(Roman Catholic Church) a book of prayers to be recited daily certain priests and members of religious orders.

cadere 

cad,cid

fall  Recidivism-Habitual relapse into crime. Cascade-A small waterfall, typically one of several that falls in stages down a steep rocky slope. Cadaver-A human corpse, esp one used for organ transplant or

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dissection. Decadent -State of decay.

caedere, cide 

cid,cis to cut, kill Incision-The act of cutting in, esp (surgery) into the soft tissues of the body. Pesticide- A chemical used to kill pests (as rodents or insects).

canere, cantare, cantus 

cant,chant

to sing 

Recant- withdraws and renounces (a former belief or statement) as erroneous or heretical. Chant-a spoken singsong phrase, esp. one performed in unison by a crowd etc. Cantata -a short narrative or descriptive composition with vocal solos and usu. chorus and orchestral accompaniment.

capere, captum, cip, cept 

cap,cep,cip,ceiv, to take,

hold, contain 

Capacious-Large in capacity. Incipient-Beginning, coming into existence. Intercept-To stop and seize on the way from one place to another. Participate-To have a share, or take part (in). Captive-a person or animal that has been taken prisoner or confined. Conceive-Have the idea for. Precept -A general rule intended to regulate behavior or thought.

caput, capitis  cap,chap head 

Cape-A covering for the shoulders attached as a tippet to a coat or cloak. Bicipital-Two-headed.

carnis  carn flesh 

Carnal-Of the body or flesh; worldly. Carnival-A festival marked by merrymaking and processions. Incarnate-To embody in flesh, give human form to. Carnivore-A terrestrial or aquatic flesh-eating mammal.

cavare, cavus 

cav to make hollow 

Cavernous-A large cave or a large underground chamber. Cavity-A hollow. Excavate-Recover through digging.

Cerebrum cerb-

brain; that part of the brain that is concerned with the coordination of body movements

Cerebral - pertaining to the brain. Cerebrate - to use the brain. Cerebrospinal - pertaining to the brain and the spinal cord

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cedere, cessum 

ced,ces to go, withdraw, move 

Concession-yielding to something; giving-up; surrender. Recede-go or move back or further away from a previous position. Exceed - to go beyond the limits. Accessible - easily entered, approached, or obtained.

Capio,cipiocap-,cep-,-cip-,-cept- take

Accept - to take a thing that is offered. Perceive - to take notice of something.

centrum 

centr

center 

Concentric-of or denoting circles, arcs, or other shapes that share the same center, the larger often completely surrounding the smaller. Concentrate- focus one's attention or mental effort on a particular object or activity. Egocentric - self-centered. Eccentric - not having a common center, not according to norm. Centrifugal - moving outward from a center.

centum, centi 

centi hundred, tenth, ten 

Centurion- the commander of a century in the ancient Roman army.

cernere, certus 

cern,certto see as being different, to sift, distinguish 

Discern- perceive or recognize (something). Certitude-absolute certainty or conviction that something is the case.

civis, civilis  civ,cit citizen, community 

Civic-of or relating to a city or town, esp. its administration. Civility- formal politeness and courtesy in behavior or speech.

clamare, clamor,clar 

clalr,clam to shout, cry out acclaim, clear, to make clear 

Reclamation- Seek the return of (one's property, etc.). Clarity-Free from obscurity and easy to understand; the comprehensibility of clear expression. Claret-a deep purplish-red color. Clamor - to shout and make noise. Proclamation - something announced officially in public. Clarification - an explanation.

claudere, clausum 

clus.clois,clo

to shut, close 

Recluse-a person who lives a solitary life and tends to avoid other people. Cloister-A covered walk, often with a wall on one side and a colonnade open to a quadrangle on the other, esp. in a convent, monastery, or

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cathedral. Enclosure-An area that is sealed off with an artificial or natural barrier. Exclusion - shutting out, rejecting. Seclude - to keep away from; isolating.

clemens clem mild,

merciful 

Clemency-mildness; ready to forgive; gentle; kind; (of weather) temperate and comfortable. Inclement- (of the weather or climate) severe, esp. cold, rainy, or stormy.

clinare  clin to lean, slope 

Clinometers-An instrument used by surveyors in order to measure an angle of inclination or elevation. Incline-To lean forward or downward. Inclination - a leaning toward. Recline - to lean back and relax. Decline-become smaller, fewer, or less; decrease.

colare  col,cul to strain, filter 

Portcullis-Gate consisting of an iron or wooden grating that hangs in the entry to a castle or fortified town; can be lowered to prevent passage. Percolate- (of liquid etc.) filter or ooze gradually (esp. through a porous surface); (of an idea etc.) permeate gradually. Colander- a perforated metal or plastic container, used to strain off liquids.

colere, cultus 

cult, col to till, care, cultivate 

Cult- A system of religious beliefs and rituals often false and cultivated. Analculture- A mixed bacterial culture; especially, one used in the preparation of autogenous vaccines. Apiculture- The raising and care of bees for commercial or agricultural purposes. Colonize- To migrate to and settle in; occupy as a colony. Cultigens- A cultivated plant of unknown or obscure taxonomic origin.

coquere, coctum  coc,cook to cook, to

mature 

Precocious- Often derogatory (of a person, esp. a child and action) prematurely developed in some faculty or characteristic; (of plant) (of a plant) flowering or fruiting early. Concoction- a mixture of various ingredients or elements.

cor, cordis  heart  Cordial- warm and friendly. Accord- Page 7 of 22

cord,cour (of a concept or fact) be harmonious or consistent with.

corium  cori skin, hide  Excoriate- To strip the skin from; to criticize severely.

corona  coro crown 

Corona- A crown or crown-like structure. Coronation- the act or ceremony of crowning a sovereign or a sovereign's consort. Coronary- (of blood vessels, nerves, etc.) resembling or encircling like a crown.

corpus  corp body 

Corporeal- Having material or physical form or substance. Corporation - a company recognized by law as a single body. Corpse - a dead body. Corporal - pertaining to the body.

credere, credens 

credto believe, trust 

Credentials- A document attesting to the truth of certain stated facts. Credence - belief that something is true or valid. Credulous - believing things too easily, gullible. Incredible – unbelievable.

crescere, cretum 

cres,cret, to grow 

Crescendo- (music) a gradual increase in loudness. Concretism- A representation of an abstract idea in concrete terms. Accretion- An increase by natural growth or addition.

crimen  crimcrime, offense 

Criminology- The scientific study of crime and criminal behaviour and law enforcement. Incriminate - Suggest that someone is guilty.

cruciare, crux, crucis  cruc,curx to torture,

cross 

Excruciating- Extremely painful. Crusade- an organized campaign concerning a political, social, or religious issue, typically motivated by a fervent desire for change.

culpare culp to blame,

fault 

Culpable- Deserving blame or censure as being wrong or evil or injurious. Exculpate- show or declare that (someone) is not guilty of wrongdoing.

cumulare  cumul to heap up  Accumulate - to gather or pile up. Cumulative - gradually building up.

curare, cura, curatus  cur

to take care of, concern 

Curate- a member of the clergy engaged as assistant to a vicar, rector, or parish priest. Manicure- a

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cosmetic treatment of the hands involving cutting, shaping, and often painting of the nails, removal of the cuticles, and softening of the skin.

currere, cursus, cour 

cur,cour to run, go Precursor- a person or thing that comes before another of the same kind; a forerunner. Concur- Be in accord; be in agreement.

dens, dentis  den,don tooth 

Denture- A dental appliance that artificially replaces missing teeth. Endodontia- The branch of dentistry dealing with diseases of the dental pulp. Dentifrice- A substance for cleaning the teeth; applied with a toothbrush.

deus, dei dei

god 

Deify- Consider as a god or godlike. Deity- Any supernatural being worshipped as controlling some part of the world or some aspect of life or who is the personification of a force. Deism- The form of theological rationalism that believes in God on the basis of reason without reference to revelation.

dexter, dextro  dextr,dext right, right

hand Ambidextrous- Equally skilful with each hand. Dextrorotation- Rotation to the right.

dicere, dictare 

dict,dic to speak, say 

Abdicate- Give up, such as power, as of monarchs and emperors, or duties and obligations. Indict- Accuse formally of a crime. Contradict - to express the opposite of. Prediction - a statement foretelling the future. Dictate - to speak out loud for another person to write down.

dignus  dignworthy, fitting, suitable 

Condign- Fitting or appropriate and deserved; used especially of punishment. Dignitary- An important or influential (and often overbearing) person.

dirigere, directus  dirig,direct to direct 

Dirge- A song or hymn of mourning composed or performed as a memorial to a dead person. Dirigible- Capable of being steered or directed.

docere, doctum  doc,doct

to teach  Docent- Serving to instruct; teaching. Doctrine - A belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by

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some group or school.

dominus  dom lord, master Domineering - excessively controlling. Predominate - to have more power than others.

domus  dom a dwelling, home 

Domesticity- home or family life. Major-domo- the chief steward of a large household.

donare, do  don to give, to forgive 

Condone- accept and allow (behavior that is considered morally wrong or offensive) to continue. Donee-The person to whom a gift is made.

dormire, dorm 

dorm to sleep 

Dormitory- A large sleeping-room with many beds; a resting place. Condorm-to sleep together. Dormant-lying asleep; inactive. Dormifacient- Bringing about sleep or aiding in attaining sleep; a dormifacient agent.

ducere, ductum 

duc,duct

to lead, take, bring 

Abduct- (crime) take away to an undisclosed location against their will and usually in order to extract a ransom. Seduction- Enticing someone astray from right behavior. Conducive- making a certain situation or outcome likely or possible. Conduct - to lead musicians in playing music. Deduction - a subtraction of an amount.

durare, durus  dur to harden,

hard 

Obdurate- stubbornly refusing to change one's opinion or course of action. Duress - Compulsory force or threat. Durable - having the quality of lasting. Enduring - able to last. 

ego egofirst person, singular pronoun

Egoistic - self-centered. Alter ego - a higher aspect of oneself. Egomania - excessive preoccupation with oneself.

errare, erratum  err to wander,

go astray 

Aberration- A state or condition markedly different from the norm. Err- To make a mistake or be incorrect. Erratic- not even or regular in pattern or movement; unpredictable.

fabula  fabl story Confabulate- engage in conversation; talk. Fable- a short story, typically with animals as characters, conveying a moral.

facere, factum, fac,fact,fix,f

to make, to do 

Manufacture- the making of articles on a large scale using machinery.

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fect, fic  ec Facsimile- an exact copy, esp. of written or printed material.

fallere  fal to deceive, disappoint 

Fallacious- A mistaken belief, esp. based on unsound argument. Infallible- Incapable of error.

ferre, latum  fer,lat to bear, to carry 

Relate- Make a logical or causal connection. Confer - to bring an honor to someone.

fervere  ferv to boil, glow, rage 

Fervor- Feelings of great warmth and intensity. Effervescent- (of a liquid) giving off bubbles; fizzy.

fidere, fidelis, fides 

fid, to trust, believe, faith 

Perfidy- deceitfulness; untrustworthiness. Confide - place trust in someone. Fidelity – faithfulness. Fiduciary - a trustee.

finire, finis, fin 

fini to end, to limit 

Infinity- Time without end. Finite-bounded or limited. Confinement- imprisonment, internment, custody, detention.

firmare  firmto make firm, strengthen 

Affirm- firm, corroborate. Firmament- the heavens or the sky, esp. when regarded as a tangible thing.

flectere, flexus  flect,flex to bend 

Deflect - to bend course because of hitting something. Inflection - a bending in the voice's tone or pitch.

fluere, fluxum, fluctus 

flux,flu to flow 

Confluence- the junction of two rivers, esp. rivers of approximately equal width. Effluvium- an unpleasant or harmful odor, secretion, or discharge. Influx- An arrival or entry of large numbers of people or things. Flume- A narrow gorge with a stream running through it.

fortis  fort strong Fort- (military) a fortified military post where troops are stationed. Fortify- Make strong or stronger.

frangere, fractum 

frang,fractto break 

Frangible- Capable of being broken. Infringement- the action of breaking the terms of a law, agreement, etc.; violation. Fracture - a break. Fragile - easy to break.

frater  frat brother Fraternal- Of or like a brother or brothers. Fraternize - associate or form a friendship with someone, esp. when one is not supposed to.

fugere, to flee  Centrifugal- moving or tending to Page 11 of 22

fugitum fug

move away from a center. Fugue- Music a contrapuntal composition in which a short melody or phrase (the subject) is introduced by one part and successively taken up by others and developed by interweaving the parts. Fugitive - a person who is running away. Refuge - a sheltered place to flee to. Refugee - a person seeking protection.

fumus fum

smoke 

Fumitory- an Old World plant with spikes of small tubular pink or white flowers and finely divided grayish leaves, often considered a weed. Fumaroles- an opening in or near a volcano, through which hot sulfurous gases emerge.

generare, genus1

gen

birth, origin, race, species, kind, to beget, produce

Generic- Characteristic of or relating to an entire class; general, not specific or special. Engender- cause or give rise to (a feeling, situation, or condition). Genealogy - the study of the history of a family.

glomerare  glomto form into a ball 

Conglomeration- A number of different things, parts or items that are grouped together. Agglomerate- a mass of things collected together.

gnoscere, cognoscere, gnarus, cognitum

cogn,gnos,gnar

to know 

Gnostic- of or relating to knowledge, esp. esoteric mystical knowledge. Cognition - process of acquiring knowledge. Incognito - disguised so no one knows you.

gratia, gratus grat agreeable,

favor, thanks

Gratitude- the quality of being thankful; readiness to show appreciation for and to return kindness. Gratify - to please someone. Gratuity - a tip, token of appreciation.

gravare, gravis

grav to weigh down, heavy

Aggravate- Make worse. Gravamen- the essence or most serious part of a complaint or accusation. Gravid- technical pregnant; carrying eggs or young.

grex, gregis, gregar

greg,grex

flock, herd, to gather into a flock

Segregate-Separate by race or religion; practice a policy of racial segregation. Congregation- A group of people who adhere to a common faith and habitually attend a

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given church. Gregarious-Instinctively or temperamentally seeking and enjoying the company of others.

habere, habitum hab,hib to have, hold

Inhibit-To put down by force or authority. Inhabit-Be an inhabitant of; spend most of one's life in. Prohibit-Tending to discourage (especially of prices) to hold.

haerere here to stickCoherence-Logical, orderly, and consistent relation of parts. Adhere-Be compatible or in accordance with.

herba herb grass, herb

Herbaceous-(botany) characteristic of a nonwoody herb or plant part. Herbicide - any chemical used to kill unwanted plants, etc. Herbivorous - plant-eating. Herbal - relating to plants.

hilarare, hilaris

hila to gladden, merry

Hilarious-extremely amusing. Exhilarate-Fill with sublime emotion.

homo homi manHomicidal-The killing of a human being by another. Hominine-Characteristic of humankind.

horrere hor to shudder, terrible

Horrendous-Causing fear, dread or terror. Abhor- detest; regard with disgust and hatred.

infra-, infero-, infer infra

under, below, beneath

Infrastructure - underlying framework of a system. Infrared - below the regular light spectrum.

judex, judicare jud judge

Judicial - having to do with judges or courts of law. Judiciary - a system of courts of law.

jungere, junctum

jung,junct to join Disjunction - a disconnection. Junction - a place where two things join.

jus, juris, jurare

jur,just law, right, to swear

Jurisprudence- the theory or philosophy of law; a legal system. Abjure-Formally reject or disavow a formerly held belief, usually under pressure. Perjury-Criminal offence of making false statements under oath.

juvenis juven youngJuvenescent-Growing or becoming young. Juvenile - youthful or childish. Rejuvenate - to bring back to youthful strength or appearance.

laudare, laudatum

laud to praise, glory Laudable-Worthy of high praise.

lavare to wash Lavender-A small aromatic evergreen Page 13 of 22

lav

shrub of the mint family, with narrow leaves and bluish-purple flowers. Laver-a washing or fountain basin; a font. Lavish-Giving or producing in large quantities; profuse. Lavabo- the ritual washing of the celebrant's hands at the offertory of the Mass.

laxare laxto loosen, widen Laxity-Not sufficiently strict or severe.

legere, lectum3

leg,lec,lit to read, choose, gather

Elegant- Refined and tasteful in appearance, behaviour or style. Elite-A group or class of persons enjoying superior intellectual or social or economic status. Dialect-The usage or vocabulary that is characteristic of a specific group of people. Legend-A story about mythical or supernatural beings or event.

lex, legis, legalis3

lex,leg law

Privilege-A special right or advantage available only to a particular person or a group of people. Illegitimate-Contrary to or forbidden by law. Legislature-Persons, who make, amend or repeal laws.

liber libe,libr book

Libel- Law a published false statement that is damaging to a person's reputation; a written defamation. Libretto- the text of an opera or other long vocal work.

liber liber free Liberate - to set free. Libertine - a person with a free, wild lifestyle.

ligare lig.leg to bind

Allegiance- loyalty or commitment of a subordinate to a superior or of an individual to a group or cause. Allay- state formally cooperating with another for a military or other purpose, typically by treaty. Oblige-make (someone) legally or morally bound to an action or course of action. Ligature-A thing used for tying or binding something tightly.

littera lit,let letterObliterate- destroy utterly; wipe out. Literati-well-educated people who are interested in literature.

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loqui, locutus

loc,loq speak, talk

Soliloquy-Speech you make to yourself. Loquacious-Full of trivial conversation. Circumlocution-the use of many words where fewer would do, esp. in a deliberate attempt to be vague or evasive. Eloquent - speaking beautifully and forcefully .Elocution - art of public speaking. 

lucere, lux, lucis, lumen

lux,luc,lum to shine, light

Translucent-Allowing light to pass through diffusely. Lucifer-A planet (usually Venus) seen just before sunrise in the eastern sky. Luminous -Softly bright or radiant. Elucidate - to explain, to throw light on. Lucid - easily understood, giving off light. Translucent - allowing light through, Illuminate - to fill with light. Lumen - unit measuring light.

ludere, lusum, ludus

lus,lud to play, to mock

Interlude-a temporary amusement or entertaining episode. Ludicrous- absurd or ridiculous; laughable. Prelude - introduction to the major performance. Illusion - misleading optical image or impression; delude - to mislead, deceive.

luna luna/u moon

Lunate-crescent-shaped. Lunula-A crescent-shaped mark, esp. the white area at the base of the fingernail. Lunar - relating to the moon. Lunarscape - the surface of the moon. Lunatic - insane (as if driven mad by the moon).

magnus, magna

magngreat

Magnanimous-nobly generous; not petty in feelings or conduct. Magnificent – grand. Magnate - a powerful person, especially in business or industry.

malus, mal

mal,mal

bad, evil, wrong

Malevolent-wishing evil to others. Malfeasance-Law evildoing; illegal action. Grand mal- a serious form of epilepsy with loss of consciousness (compare petit mal). Malcontent - wrong content. Malicious - showing strong ill will.

mandare, mando mand to order, to

commandMandate-An official order or commission to do something. Commandment-a divine command.

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manus, mani, man

mani hand

Emancipate- set free, esp. from legal, social, or political restrictions. Manumit- Free from slavery or servitude. Maneuver - to move by hand Manuscript - a book written by hand.

mare mar sea

Marina - a harbor for pleasure boats. Maritime - relating to the sea; submarine - an undersea boat. Aquamarine - blue-green in color, like sea water.

matermater,matr

motherMaternity - the state of being a mother. matriarch - a woman head of a household.

medius, medio

med,mid middleMedieval - pertaining to the Middle Ages. Mediocre - only of medium (inferior) quality. Midriff - the area between the chest and the waist.

mens men/t mind Mentation-The process of using your mind to consider something carefully.

migraremigr to move

from one place to another

Migratory-A change of abode. Emigrant-Someone who leaves one country to settle in another. Immigrant - a person who moves to a new country to settle. Migrant - person who moves from place to place. Migration - the process of moving.

militare mili to serve as soldiers

Demilitarize-remove all military forces from (an area). Militia-a military force that is raised from the civil population to supplement a regular army in an emergency.

mirare, miror, mirari

mira to look at, to wonder at 

Mirage-an optical illusion caused by atmospheric conditions, esp. the appearance of a sheet of water in a desert or on a hot road caused by the refraction of light from the sky by heated air.

mittere, missum

mit,misto send, let, go

Emissary-Someone sent on a mission to represent the interests of someone else. Remit-Send (money) in payment; hold back for a later time. Commissary-(military) a retail store that sells equipment and provisions (usually to military personnel).

monere, to warn Admonition-Cautionary advice about Page 16 of 22

monitusmoni something imminent (especially

imminent danger or other unpleasantness).

morbus morb disease

Morbid-Suggesting an unhealthy mental state. Morbilli-An acute and highly contagious viral disease marked by distinct red spots followed by a rash; occurs primarily in children.

mordere, morsun mors,mord to bite

Morsel-A small quantity of anything. Remorse-A feeling of deep regret (usually for some misdeed).Mordacious-Capable of wounding.

moris mor manners, customs

Mores-(sociology) the conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group.

mors, mortis, mori

mori,mort,mors

deather, to die

Post-mortem-Discussion of an event after it has occurred. Mortgage-A conditional conveyance of property as security for the repayment of a loan. Mortmain- (corporation) real property held inalienably (as by an ecclesiastical corporation); The oppressive influence of past events or decisions. Mortal - certain to die. Mortician - an undertaker.

mutare, mutatum

mut to changeImmutable - not changing. Mutant - an organism that has undergone changes. Mutate - to undergo a change.

nascor, natus

nat,nais to bear, to born

Prenatal- before birth; during or relating to pregnancy. Renaissance-the revival of art and literature under the influence of classical models in the 14th–16th centuries.

negare, negatus negat to deny

Negation-A negative statement; a statement that is a refusal or denial of some other statement. Abnegate- renounce or reject (something desired or valuable).

nihil nil,nihil nothingAnnihilate-destroy utterly; obliterate. Nihilism-A revolutionary doctrine that advocates destruction of the social system for its own sake.

nocere noc,nox to harm, injure

Innocuous-Not injurious to physical or mental health. Obnoxious- extremely unpleasant.

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nominare, nomen, nominis

nom/I,en to name, name

Nomenclature-a set or system of names, esp. as used in a particular science etc. Misnomer - an error in naming a person or thing. Nominal - being something in name only but not in reality. Nominate - to name for election or appointment, to designate.

norma norm ruleNormative-Relating to or dealing with norms or rules. enormity-Monstrous wickedness through violation of norms.

notare not/I,e,a to mark, note

Connotation-An idea that is implied or suggested. Notable - marked as worthy of attention. Notarize - to certify a signature on a legal document. Annotate - to add remarks.

novus nov newInnovate - to introduce a new way. Novelty - something new. Novice - a person who is new at a job. Renovate - to make something like new again.

nox, noct nox,noc night

Equinox-Either of the two occasions in the year when the sun crosses the celestial equator and day and night are of equal length throughout the world. Nocturnal- done, occurring, or active at night.

nullus nul noneAnnul-declare invalid (an official agreement, decision, or result). Nullifidian-a person having no faith or religious belief.

nuntiare, nuntius nun,noun

to report, tell, messenger

Nuncio-An ambassador from the Pope. Renounce- formally declare one's abandonment of (a claim, right, or possession).

oculus ocul eyeMonocle-a single eyeglass, kept in position by the muscles around the eye. Binocular-adapted for or using both eyes.

opus, operari

opu,ope work, to work

Magnum opus-A great work of art or literature. Opera-A drama set to music; consists of singing with orchestral accompaniment and an orchestral overture and interludes. Operative-functional.

parare, par, pari par

to make equal, equal

Disparate- essentially different in kind; not allowing comparison. Parity-The state or condition of being equal,

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esp. regarding status or pay. Peer-an equal.

passus, pati pat,pas suffer

Pathogenic-Able to cause disease. Passive-Suffering action; acted upon. Passionate-Having or expressing strong emotions; strong aching or suffering for something. Pathos-A quality that arouses emotions (especially pity or sorrow). Pathic-Passive; suffering.

pater pat,part father

Paternoster-(Roman Catholic Church) the Lord's Prayer in Latin; translates as 'our father'. Patronize-Act as a patron towards (a person, cause, artist, etc.); support; encourage.

pax, pacis pac,peas peacePacific-Peaceful in character or intent. Appease-Pacify or placate (someone) by acceding to their demands.

pedis, pes ped foot

Expedition-A journey or voyage for a particular purpose, esp. tourism, exploration, or scientific research. Peduncle- the stalk of a flower, fruit, or cluster, esp. a main stalk bearing a solitary flower or subordinate stalks (compare pedicel).

pellere, pulsus

pel,pul to drive, driven

Compel- force or oblige (someone) to do something. Expel-Force out or eject (a substance from the body, a gas from a cavity, etc.). Propel- drive, push, or cause to move in a particular direction, typically forward. Pulsate- expand and contract with strong regular movements.

pendere, pensare, pendulus

pend to weigh, hang, weight

Impending- be about to happen. Compendium- A collection of detailed items of information, esp. in a book. Appendage- To hang on or attach to a more important part of something.

petere petu,peti to rush at, seek

Impetuous- acting or done quickly and without thought or care. Petulant- (of a person or their manner) childishly sulky or bad-tempered. Petition- A supplication or request.

,placare, placidus, placere plac

to soother, gentle, to please

Placate- make (someone) less angry or hostile. Implacable- That cannot be appeased or placated; unstoppable,

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relentless. Placebo- a harmless pill, medicine, or procedure prescribed more for the psychological benefit to the patient than for any physiological effect.

plaudere, plauseum plaud,plod to clap,

applaudPlaudit- an act of applause. Implode- To (cause to) collapse inwards suddenly and violently.

plenus plen full

Plenipotentiary- a person (esp. a diplomat) invested with the full power of independent action. Replenish- To fill completely something which may be emptied or less filled-up before. Plenty- A full supply.

plere, pletum

plet to fill

Expletive- An oath, swear word, or other expression, used in an exclamation; A word used to fill out a sentence etc., esp. in verse, without adding anything to the sense. Replete- Filled or well-supplied with. Deplete-To empty, reduce, exhaust, use up.

plicare, plicatum, plicit, ply

plicat,plyto fold

Implicate- show (a person or thing) to be concerned or involved (in a charge, crime, etc.). Complicate- make or become difficult, confused, or complex. Explicate- Make clear, explain., Plait- a single length of hair or other flexible material made up of three or more interlaced strands; a braid.

plus, pluris plur,plus more

Plurality- An advocate of democratic principles. Surplus- A quantity much larger than is needed. Pluralistic- A condition or system in which two or more states, groups, principles, sources of authority, etc., coexist.

ponere, positum Posi,pot to place

Depot-Station where transport vehicles load or unload passengers or goods.

populus popul people

Populace- The common people. Populate- Be an inhabitant of; spend most of one's life in. Populous- Densely populated. Populist- An advocate of democratic principles.

portare, port to carry Portage- The cost of carrying or transporting. Portable - able to be

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port carried. Porter - a person who carries luggage. Portal- A gate or doorway, esp a great or magnificent one.

portio portion share, portion

Apportion- Distribute according to a plan or set apart for a special purpose. Proportionate- In fit or correct proportion.

post postafter, behind, later, subsequent

Posthumous - after someone's death. Postpone - delaying something. Postscript - an addition to an already completed document.

potens, potentis potent powerful

Potentate-a monarch or ruler, esp. an autocratic one. Potentiometer-an instrument for measuring difference of electric potential. Omnipotent - Having unlimited power.

prehendere, prehensum pren,

prehen

to seize, take hold

Apprentice-Someone who works for an expert in order to learn a trade. Reprehensible-deserving censure or condemnation.

pressus press pressed down

Depress-Lower someone's spirits; make downhearted. Oppress-Dominate or subjugate by unjust use of one's authority and power. Decompress- to release from pressure; to restore to its original state. Irrepressible-Not able or willing to be restrained subdued or (loosely) kept out of the limelight.

pretiare, prec

prec,pric to value Depreciation-The falling of value. Precious-Of great price or worth.

primus, primatis

prim,prisfirst

Primordial-Having existed from the beginning; in an earliest or original stage or state. Prima facie-On the first view. Imprimis- in the first place; first in order. Primeval, Primaeval-Having existed from the beginning; in an earliest or original stage or state. Primigravida-(obstetrics) a woman who is pregnant for the first time. Pristine-in its original condition, unspoiled; clean and fresh as if new.

privare separate, Privilege-A special advantage, Page 21 of 22

privpeculiar

immunity or benefit not enjoyed by all. Deprive -Take away possessions, function, power or title.

probare, probatum prob,prov to prove,

test

Probation-(Law) a system of suspending the sentence on an offender subject to a period of good behavior under supervision; A process or period of testing the character or abilities of a person in a certain role, esp. of a new employee. Probative-affording proof; evidential. Probe-Investigate thoroughly to see if true.

proximus proxim nearest

Approximate-Fairly correct or accurate; near to the actual. Proximity- The property of being close together. Proximal-situated towards the centre of the body or point of attachment.

pugil, pugnare

pugn,pung boxer, to fight

Pugilist-Someone who fights with his fists for sport. Pugnacious - having a quarrelsome or aggressive nature. Repugnant - distasteful, offensive or revolting. Pungent - Having a sharp or strong taste or smell;(of remarks) penetrating, biting, caustic, piercing.

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