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1 Latest Technologies for Harnessing Vietnam Solar Power Power Industry Conference 5 – 6 December 2012 Sheraton Saigon Hotel & Towers Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Do Duc Tuong – DEVI Renewable Energies [email protected]
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Latest technologies for harnessing vietnam sun power

May 16, 2015

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5-6th December, Saigon

http://www.powerindustry-events.com/Vietnam

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Page 1: Latest technologies for harnessing vietnam sun power

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Latest Technologies for Harnessing Vietnam Solar Power

Power Industry Conference5 – 6 December 2012

Sheraton Saigon Hotel & TowersHo Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Do Duc Tuong – DEVI Renewable [email protected]

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About DEVI Renewable Energies

• A private research institute, found in March 2011

• Online RE portal www.devi-renewable.com

• Research

• Pico PV, stand-alone PV, grid connected PV

• Biomass pellets, briquette and gasification

• Biogas power generation

• Wind farm optimization, small wind turbine

• Education (short RE training course, Master programme in RE)

• Consultancy (designing W-kW-MW solar PV plants, rural

electrification solutions using wind, biomass and solar)

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Contents

Why solar energy?

Solar PV technologies for Vietnam

1

2

3

4 Potential of solar PV in Vietnam

Solar PV development in the world

5

Solar PV development in Vietnam

Latest Technologies for Harnessing Vietnam Solar Power

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Why solar energy?

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Contents

Why solar energy?

Solar PV technologies for Vietnam

1

2

3

4 Potential of solar PV in Vietnam

Solar PV development in the world

5

Solar PV development in Vietnam

Latest Technologies for Harnessing Vietnam Solar Power

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www.worldsolarchallenge.org Photon Magazine 1/2001

www.theindependentbd.com sustentator.comwww.altestore.com

www.casio.com

Solar PV development in the world

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Solar PV development in the world

Source: EPIA, 2011b and EPIA, 2012.

Evolution of global cumulative installed capacity, 2000-2011

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New installations¹ in year 2011, world : 27.7 GW

Cumulative installation until end of 2011: 67.4 GW

Electricity produced² from PV in 2011, world : 80 000 GWh

Net electricity generation Germany4 in 2010 : 590 000 GWh

Net electricity generation³ Vietnam in 2010: 86 000 GWh

(1): EPIA, Global market outlook for photovoltaics until 2015(2): very rough estimation: 'production' = 1200 kWh/a*kW (3): Website chinhphu.vn, date accessed 19/11/2011, “Kết quả sản xuất kinh doanh điện năm 2010”(4): Electricity production, consumption and market overview, Eurostat, 2012

Solar PV development in the world

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Contents

Why solar energy?

Solar PV technologies for Vietnam

1

2

3

4 Potential of solar PV in Vietnam

Solar PV development in the world

5

Solar PV development in Vietnam

Latest Technologies for Harnessing Vietnam Solar Power

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12kWp, MOIT 200kWp, Intel VN

154kWp, NCH 11kWp, Cu Lao Cham

Solar PV development in Vietnam

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Solar PV development in Vietnam

400Wp, Quan Lan

1500Wp, Ngoc Vung 5000Wp, Hon Chuoi

>1000kWp, Truong Sa

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Cumulative PV installation in Vietnam is less than 5MWp

BigC-Binh Duong 212kWp (under construction)

Biggest PV plant: 200kWp (Intel building, 2012) National Conference Hall: 154kWp, 2009 XP Power building: 40kWp, 2012 MOIT’s building: 12kWp, 2011 PPC HoChiMinh city 11kWp, 2012 Bai Huong diesel-PV hybrid: 11kWp, 2009 Mainly crystalline-Si technologies All projects use imported PV modules (*)

Solar PV development in Vietnam

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Contents

Why solar energy?

Solar PV technologies for Vietnam

1

2

3

4 Potential of solar PV in Vietnam

Solar PV development in the world

5

Solar PV development in Vietnam

Latest Technologies for Harnessing Vietnam Solar Power

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Solar PV potential in Vietnam - Supply

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Solar PV potential in Vietnam - Supply

Source: German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology and NASA , 2010

Solar radiation in Vietnam and Germany

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Solar PV potential in Vietnam – German lessons

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Grid-connected solar PV plants 2015 VN is expected to be net energy importer Electricity price increase 20%/year Jun/2011: VN has 260 industrial zones, with 72,000ha

Pico Solar and Solar Home System 800.000 households in Gov.’s rural electrification program. Hundreds of Islands and remote regions not connected to the grid Mobile charging, computer power supply, fishing boats

Hybrid Solar/Diesel systems Nearly 70,000 BTS systems requires 24/24 power supply

Solar PV potential in Vietnam – demand side

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Power supply from national grid is not reliable 90 enterprises may loose 90 millions USD due to power cut1

1: http://cafef.vn/kinh-te-vi-mo-dau-tu/cat-dien-khu-cong-nghiep-hiep-phuoc-cac-doanh-nghiep-co-the-mat-9-trieu-usd-200907161250672ca33.chn2: DEVI’s estimation

• A warehouse in Binh Duong2 with 35,000m2 roof area can supply 3.6MWp Solar PV by roof-top plants

• Global solar radiation: 2.096kWh/m2/year

• System cost: 1.9Euro/Wp

Solar PV potential in Vietnam – an example

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Contents

Why solar energy?

Solar PV technologies for Vietnam

1

2

3

4 Potential of solar PV in Vietnam

Solar PV development in the world

5

Solar PV development in Vietnam

Latest Technologies for Harnessing Vietnam Solar Power

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World PV market by technologies 2010

Source: NREL, 2010 Solar Technologies Market Report

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Best research solar cell efficiencies

Source: L.L. Kazmerski, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO

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PV technologies Solar cell efficiencies

Single-crystalline (sc-Si) 14%-22%

Multicrystalline (mc-Si) 12%-19%

Amorphous (a-Si) 4% - 8%

Multi-junction thin silicon films (a-Si/ μc-Si) 10%

Cadmium-telluride (CdTe) 11%

Copper-indium-(di)selenide (CIS) Copper-indium-gallium-(di)selenide (CIGS) 7 - 12%

Source: IEA, Solar Energy Perspective 2011

Efficiencies of solar cells in the market

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  Jan 2009 Mar 2011 Feb 2012 price fell to

  (€/Wp) (€/Wp) (€/Wp)  (2009-2012)

C-Si, EU: 3.19 1.61 1.02 68%

C-Si, China: 2.93 1.32 0.74 75%

C-Si, Japan: 3.18 1.54 1.00 69%

TF- CdS/CdTe 2.09 1.09 0.61 71%

TF- a-Si 2.21 0.94 0.57 74%

- International spotmarket net bid prices, module only.

- Price C-Si turnkey plant in Germany times 1.5-1.9, thin-film times 1.9-2.4

Source: www.pvXchange.com, www.devi-renewable.com

Solar PV module prices 2009-2012

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Source: PV Technology Roadmap: technology trends in crystalline and thin-film solar cellsYole Développement, 2010

PV Technology roadmap

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Progress and innovation in crystalline (Wafer) Si-technology

increase efficiency, reduce material costs, innovate cell and module design increase productivity of investment

Progress and innovation in PV Thin Film technologies. increase efficiencies

innovative production technologies

Concentrating Photovoltaics (CPV)

Emerging and novel PV-technologies

Technology options for major cost reductions

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Typical Structure:•Glass•Transparent lamination foil (EVA)•Solar cells, electrically connected•Back side protection (Teflon foil or glass)

Progress and innovation in crystalline Si-technology

Source: Photon Special 2004

Development status•fully commercial•use the wafer-based crystalline silicon (c-Si) technology, either single crystalline (sc-Si) or multi-crystalline (mc-Si).

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Maximised efficiency and innovative cell structures for monocrystalline and multicrystallie Silicon cells

Metal contacts (laser fired back contacts, selective emitters)Light trappingSurface passivationQuality of bulk materialInnovative structures: back contact cells have (+) and (-) busbars on their back side (rear emitters, metal wrap through or emitter wrap through)

Progress and innovation in crystalline Si-technology

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Example: Crystalline Silicon Technology

Yong-An photovoltaic park

Location: TaiwanCapacity: 4.6MWModule: polycrystalline siliconSupplier: SuntechOnland installation, 2011

Source: http://www.pv-magazine.com

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Progress and innovation in PV Thin-Film technologies

“Thin” => thin active layers on a cheap substrate,

=> low material costs Example: CdTe thickness reduced to 1.8 μm Manufacturing costs <0.7 US$/Wp Module efficiency ~11.7%

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State of Technology Module efficiency 2007

Module efficiency 2012

Module production 2010

a-Si/µ-Si Industrial mass productionTurn-key solutions in the market

6-7% 10-11% 1350MW

CdTe Industrial mass productionCdTe: fast process

8-10% 12% 1450MW

CIS Industrial mass production on the wayCIS process is complex

9-12% 14% 450MW

Source: Dr.Gabler, ZSW, Photon 4/2011

Thin film technologies and production status

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Example: Thin Film Technology

LopBuri Power Plant

Location: LopBuri, ThailandCapacity: 73MWModules: microamorphous thin-film (8.5-9%) Supplier: Sharp Corp.Onland installation, 2012

Photo: ADB/Flickr

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Concentrating Photovoltaics (CPV)

The basic idea:

Use cheap optics for collection of the sunlight and reduce the expensive semiconductor material

Reduce cost of PV-generated kWh

solar radiation

lens F0

solar cell Fc

heat transport

Source: Fraunhofer ISE, Dr.Gabler, SZW

III-V Solar Cells: 40% efficiencyConcentration factor: 500-1000 times

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Concentrating Photovoltaics (CPV)

CPV - best suited for high Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) of regions with > 2000 kWh/m2/year (Middle East, South Africa, Australia, North America…)

Superior choice for hot climates – no need for active or passive cooling

Source: Siemens

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Organic solar cells Replace inorganic semiconductors by semiconducting polymer

Best cell efficiencies: 7.1%, (EUPVSEC Valencia, 2010)

'up/down conversion‘ Make PV cells with efficiency > 30 % by using larger parts of the

sun’s spectrum than single layer cells

Thermo-Photovoltaics

Emerging and novel PV-technologies

Photo: Fraunhofer press

Under research and development (EU, US) !

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Concluding remarks

Vietnam has huge potential for solar PV Lesson: the world solar PV industry has grown steadily,

however, subsidies play as important catalyst PV module prices will go down (down more than 70% in

the last 30 months, expected 10% on average annually) A coexistence of different technologies (Crystalline-Si, a-

Si, CdTe) help to harness the power of the sun for Vietnam

Niche market can play role as “driving force” for the solar industry development

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Thank you for your attention !

Photo: Shutterstock