- 1 - L5 Revision Lists for Summer Examinations 2017 Biology L5 Biology - Double Award Science The following content from the Edexcel iGCSE specification will be covered: Material covered in Upper 4 as follows: Specification Section 1: The nature and variety of living organisms a) Characteristics of living organisms 1.1 understand that living organisms share the following characteristics: – they require nutrition – they respire – they excrete their waste – they respond to their surroundings – they move – they control their internal conditions – they reproduce – they grow and develop. Chapter 1 b) Variety of living organisms 1.2 describe the common features shared by organisms within the following main groups: plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, protoctists and viruses, and for each group describe examples and their features as follows (details of life cycle and economic importance are not required) Plants: These are multicellular organisms; their cells contain chloroplasts and are able to carry out photosynthesis; their cells have cellulose cell walls; they store carbohydrates as starch or sucrose Examples include flowering plants, such as a cereal (for example maize), and a herbaceous legume (for example peas or beans) Animals: These are multicellular organisms; their cells do not contain chloroplasts and are not able to carry out photosynthesis; they have no cell walls; they usually have nervous coordination and are able to move from one place to another; they often store carbohydrate as glycogen Examples include mammals (for example humans) and insects (for example housefly and mosquito) Fungi: These are organisms that are not able to carry out photosynthesis; their body is usually organised into a mycelium made from thread-like structures called hyphae, which contain many nuclei; some examples are single-celled; their cells have walls made of chitin; they feed by extracellular secretion of digestive enzymes onto food material and absorption of the organic products; this is known as saprotrophic nutrition; they may store carbohydrate as glycogen Chapter 2
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L5 Revision Lists for Summer Examinations 2017
Biology
L5 Biology - Double Award Science
The following content from the Edexcel iGCSE specification will be covered: Material covered in Upper 4 as follows:
Specification Section 1: The nature and variety of living organisms
a) Characteristics of living organisms 1.1 understand that living organisms share the following characteristics: – they require nutrition – they respire – they excrete their waste – they respond to their surroundings – they move – they control their internal conditions – they reproduce – they grow and develop.
Chapter 1
b) Variety of living organisms 1.2 describe the common features shared by organisms within the following main groups: plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, protoctists and viruses, and for each group describe examples and their features as follows (details of life cycle and economic importance are not required) Plants: These are multicellular organisms; their cells contain chloroplasts and are able to carry out photosynthesis; their cells have cellulose cell walls; they store carbohydrates as starch or sucrose Examples include flowering plants, such as a cereal (for example maize), and a herbaceous legume (for example peas or beans) Animals: These are multicellular organisms; their cells do not contain chloroplasts and are not able to carry out photosynthesis; they have no cell walls; they usually have nervous coordination and are able to move from one place to another; they often store carbohydrate as glycogen Examples include mammals (for example humans) and insects (for example housefly and mosquito) Fungi: These are organisms that are not able to carry out photosynthesis; their body is usually organised into a mycelium made from thread-like structures called hyphae, which contain many nuclei; some examples are single-celled; their cells have walls made of chitin; they feed by extracellular secretion of digestive enzymes onto food material and absorption of the organic products; this is known as saprotrophic nutrition; they may store carbohydrate as glycogen
Chapter 2
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Examples include Mucor, which has the typical fungal hyphal structure, and yeast, which is single-celled Bacteria: These are microscopic single-celled organisms; they have a cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm and plasmids; they lack a nucleus but contain a circular chromosome of DNA; some bacteria can carry out photosynthesis but most feed off other living or dead organisms Examples include Lactobacillus bulgaricus, a rod-shaped bacterium used in the production of yoghurt from milk, and Pneumococcus, a spherical bacterium that acts as the pathogen causing pneumonia Protoctists: These are microscopic single-celled organisms. Some, like Amoeba, that live in pond water, have features like an animal cell, while others, like Chlorella, have chloroplasts and are more like plants. A pathogenic example is Plasmodium, responsible for causing malaria Viruses: These are small particles, smaller than bacteria; they are parasitic and can reproduce only inside living cells; they infect every type of living organism. They have a wide variety of shapes and sizes; they have no cellular structure but have a protein coat and contain one type of nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA Examples include the tobacco mosaic virus that causes discolouring of the leaves of tobacco plants by preventing the formation of chloroplasts, the influenza virus that causes ‘flu’ and the HIV virus that causes AIDS 1.3 recall the term ‘pathogen’ and know that pathogens may be fungi, bacteria, protoctists or viruses.
Specification Section 2: Structures and functions in living organisms
a) Levels of organisation 2.1 describe the levels of organisation within organisms: organelles, cells, tissues, organs and systems.
Chapter 1
b) Cell structure 2.2 describe cell structures, including the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplast and vacuole 2.3 describe the functions of the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplast and vacuole 2.4 compare the structures of plant and animal cells.
Chapter 1
c) Biological molecules 2.5 identify the chemical elements present in carbohydrates, proteins and lipids (fats and oils) 2.6 describe the structure of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids as large molecules made up from smaller basic units: starch and glycogen from simple sugar; protein from amino acids; lipid from fatty acids and glycerol 2.7 describe the tests for glucose and starch
Chapter 4
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2.8 understand the role of enzymes as biological catalysts in metabolic reactions 2.9 understand how the functioning of enzymes can be affected by changes in temperature, including those due to change in active site 2.10 describe experiments to investigate how enzyme activity can be affected by changes in temperature.
d) Movement of substances into and out of cells 2.11 understand definitions of diffusion, osmosis and active transport 2.12 understand that movement of substances into and out of cells can be by diffusion, osmosis and active transport 2.13 understand the factors that affect the rate of movement of substances into and out of cells, to include the effects of surface area to volume ratio, temperature and concentration gradient 2.14 describe experiments to investigate diffusion and osmosis using living and non-living systems
Chapter 1
e) Nutrition in humans 2.21 identify sources and describe functions of carbohydrate, protein, lipid (fats and oils), vitamins A, C and D, the mineral ions calcium and iron, water and dietary fibre as components of the diet 2.22 describe the structures of the human alimentary canal and describe the functions of the mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and pancreas 2.23 understand the processes of ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation and egestion 2.24 explain how and why food is moved through the gut by peristalsis 2.25 understand the role of digestive enzymes, to include the digestion of starch to glucose by amylase and maltase, the digestion of proteins to amino acids by proteases and the digestion of lipids to fatty acids and glycerol by lipases 2.26 understand that bile is produced by the liver and stored in the gall bladder, and understand the role of bile in neutralising stomach acid and emulsifying lipids 2.27 describe the structure of a villus and explain how this helps absorption of the products of digestion in the small intestine.
Chapter 4
f) Respiration Chapter 1
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2.28 understand that the process of respiration releases energy in living organisms 2.29 describe the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration 2.30 write the word equation and the balanced chemical symbol equation for aerobic respiration in living organisms 2.31 write the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and in animals.
Plus material covered in L5 as follows: Specification Section 2: Structures and functions in living organisms
e) Nutrition in flowering plants 2.15 describe the process of photosynthesis and understand its importance in the conversion of light energy to chemical energy 2.16 write the word equation and the balanced chemical symbol equation for photosynthesis 2.17 understand how varying carbon dioxide concentration, light intensity and temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis 2.18 describe the structure of a leaf and explain how it is adapted for photosynthesis 2.19 understand that plants require mineral ions for growth and that magnesium ions are needed for chlorophyll and nitrate ions are needed for amino acids 2.20 describe experiments to investigate photosynthesis, showing the evolution of oxygen from a water plant, the production of starch and the requirements of light, carbon dioxide and chlorophyll
Chapter 10
g) Gas exchange in flowering plants 2.32 understand the role of diffusion in gas exchange 2.33 understand gas exchange (of carbon dioxide and oxygen) in relation to respiration and photosynthesis 2.34 explain how the structure of the leaf is adapted for gas exchange 2.35 describe the role of stomata in gas exchange
Chapter 10
g) Gas exchange in humans 2.32 understand the role of diffusion in gas exchange 2.36 describe the structure of the thorax, including the ribs, intercostal muscles, diaphragm, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli and pleural membranes
Chapter 3
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2.37 understand the role of the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm in ventilation 2.38 explain how alveoli are adapted for gas exchange by diffusion between air in the lungs and blood in capillaries 2.39 understand the biological consequences of smoking in relation to the lungs and the circulatory system, including coronary heart disease 2.40 describe experiments to investigate the effect of exercise on breathing in humans.
h) Transport in humans 2.41 understand why simple, unicellular organisms can rely on diffusion for movement of substances in and out of the cell 2.42 understand the need for a transport system in multicellular organisms 2.48 describe the composition of the blood: red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma 2.49 understand the role of plasma in the transport of carbon dioxide, digested food, urea, hormones and heat energy 2.50 explain how adaptations of red blood cells, including shape, structure and the presence of haemoglobin, make them suitable for the transport of oxygen 2.51 describe how the immune system responds to disease using white blood cells, illustrated by phagocytes ingesting pathogens and lymphocytes releasing antibodies specific to the pathogen 2.52 describe the structure of the heart and how it functions 2.53 explain how the heart rate changes during exercise and under the influence of adrenaline 2.54 describe the structure of arteries, veins and capillaries and understand their roles 2.55 understand the general structure of the circulation system to include the blood vessels to and from the heart, the lungs, the liver and the kidneys.
Chapter 5
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i) Excretion in flowering plants and humans Flowering plants 2.56 understand the origin of carbon dioxide and oxygen as waste products of metabolism and their loss from the stomata of a leaf Humans 2.57 understand that the lungs, kidneys and skin are organs of excretion 2.58 understand how the kidney carries out its roles of excretion and of osmoregulation 2.59 describe the structure of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra 2.60 describe the structure of a nephron, to include Bowman’s capsule and glomerulus, convoluted tubules, loop of Henlé and collecting duct 2.61 describe ultrafiltration in the Bowman’s capsule and the composition of the glomerular filtrate 2.62 understand that water is reabsorbed into the blood from the collecting duct 2.63 understand that selective reabsorption of glucose occurs at the proximal convoluted tubule 2.64 describe the role of ADH in regulating the water content of the blood 2.65 understand that urine contains water, urea and salts.
Chapter 7 and 8
j) Coordination and response in humans 2.66 understand that organisms are able to respond to changes in their environment 2.67 understand that homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment and that body water content and body temperature are both examples of homeostasis 2.68 understand that a coordinated response requires a stimulus, a receptor and an effector 2.72 describe how responses can be controlled by nervous or by hormonal communication and understand the differences between the two systems 2.73 understand that the central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal
Chapter 6
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cord and is linked to sense organs by nerves 2.74 understand that stimulation of receptors in the sense organs sends electrical impulses along nerves into and out of the central nervous system, resulting in rapid responses 2.75 describe the structure and functioning of a simple reflex arc illustrated by the withdrawal of a finger from a hot object 2.76 describe the structure and function of the eye as a receptor 2.77 understand the sources, roles and effects of the following hormones: ADH, adrenaline, insulin, testosterone, progesterone and oestrogen. h) Transport in flowering plants 2.41 understand why simple, unicellular organisms can rely on diffusion for movement of substances in and out of the cell 2.42 understand the need for a transport system in multicellular organisms 2.43 describe the role of xylem in transporting water and mineral salts from the roots to other parts of the plant 2.44 explain how water is absorbed by root hair cells 2.45 understand that transpiration is the evaporation of water from the surface of a plant 2.46 explain how the rate of transpiration is affected by changes in humidity, wind speed, temperature and light intensity 2.47 describe experiments to investigate the role of environmental factors in determining the rate of transpiration from a leafy shoot
Chapter 11
j) Coordination and response in flowering plants 2.69 understand that plants respond to stimuli 2.70 describe the geotropic responses of roots and stems 2.71 describe positive phototropism of stems
Chapter 12
A copy of the specification for DA can be found here: http://qualifications.pearson.com/en/qualifications/edexcel-international-gcses-and-edexcel-certificates/international-gcse-science-2011.coursematerials.html#filterQuery=category:Pearson-UK:Category%2FSpecification-and-sample-assessments Useful websites: http://www.thebiotutor.com/
The following content from the Edexcel iGCSE specification will be covered. Paper 1 assesses only the content that is not in bold. Paper 2 assesses all content including content in bold. Material covered in Upper 4 as follows:
Specification Section 1: The nature and variety of living organisms
a) Characteristics of living organisms 1.1 Understand that living organisms share the following characteristics: – they require nutrition – they respire – they excrete their waste – they respond to their surroundings – they move – they control their internal conditions – they reproduce – they grow and develop.
b) Variety of living organisms 1.2 describe the common features shared by organisms within the following main groups: plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, protoctists and viruses, and for each group describe examples and their features as follows (details of life cycle and economic importance are not required) Plants: These are multicellular organisms; their cells contain chloroplasts and are able to carry out photosynthesis; their cells have cellulose cell walls; they store carbohydrates as starch or sucrose Examples include flowering plants, such as a cereal (for example maize), and a herbaceous legume (for example peas or beans) Animals: These are multicellular organisms; their cells do not contain chloroplasts and are not able to carry out photosynthesis; they have no cell walls; they usually have nervous coordination and are able to move from one place to another; they often store carbohydrate as glycogen Examples include mammals (for example humans) and insects (for example housefly and mosquito) Fungi: These are organisms that are not able to carry out photosynthesis; their body is usually organised into a mycelium made from thread-like structures called hyphae, which contain many nuclei; some examples are single-celled; their cells have walls made of chitin; they feed by extracellular secretion of digestive enzymes onto food material and absorption of the
organic products; this is known as saprotrophic nutrition; they may store carbohydrate as glycogen Examples include Mucor, which has the typical fungal hyphal structure, and yeast, which is single-celled Bacteria: These are microscopic single-celled organisms; they have a cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm and plasmids; they lack a nucleus but contain a circular chromosome of DNA; some bacteria can carry out photosynthesis but most feed off other living or dead organisms Examples include Lactobacillus bulgaricus, a rod-shaped bacterium used in the production of yoghurt from milk, and Pneumococcus, a spherical bacterium that acts as the pathogen causing pneumonia Protoctists: These are microscopic single-celled organisms. Some, like Amoeba, that live in pond water, have features like an animal cell, while others, like Chlorella, have chloroplasts and are more like plants. A pathogenic example is Plasmodium, responsible for causing malaria Viruses: These are small particles, smaller than bacteria; they are parasitic and can reproduce only inside living cells; they infect every type of living organism. They have a wide variety of shapes and sizes; they have no cellular structure but have a protein coat and contain one type of nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA Examples include the tobacco mosaic virus that causes discolouring of the leaves of tobacco plants by preventing the formation of chloroplasts, the influenza virus that causes ‘flu’ and the HIV virus that causes AIDS 1.3 recall the term ‘pathogen’ and know that pathogens may be fungi, bacteria, protoctists or viruses.
Specification Section 2: Structures and functions in living organisms
a) Levels of organisation 2.1 describe the levels of organisation within organisms: organelles, cells, tissues, organs and systems.
b) Cell structure 2.2 describe cell structures, including the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplast and vacuole 2.3 describe the functions of the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplast and vacuole 2.4 compare the structures of plant and animal cells.
c) Biological molecules 2.5 identify the chemical elements present in carbohydrates, proteins and lipids (fats and oils) 2.6 describe the structure of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids as large molecules made up from smaller basic units: starch and glycogen from simple sugar; protein from amino acids; lipid from fatty acids and glycerol
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2.7 describe the tests for glucose and starch 2.8 understand the role of enzymes as biological catalysts in metabolic reactions 2.9 understand how the functioning of enzymes can be affected by changes in temperature, including changes due to change in active site 2.10 understand how the functioning of enzymes can be affected by changes in active site caused by changes in pH 2.11 describe experiments to investigate how enzyme activity can be affected by changes in temperature.
d) Movement of substances into and out of cells 2.12 understand definitions of diffusion, osmosis and active transport 2.13 understand that movement of substances into and out of cells can be by diffusion, osmosis and active transport 2.14 understand the importance in plants of turgid cells as a means of support 2.15 understand the factors that affect the rate of movement of substances into and out of cells, to include the effects of surface area to volume ratio, temperature and concentration gradient 2.16 describe experiments to investigate diffusion and osmosis using living and non-living systems.
e) Nutrition in humans 2.23 understand that a balanced diet should include appropriate proportions of carbohydrate, protein, lipid, vitamins, minerals, water and dietary fibre 2.24 identify sources and describe functions of carbohydrate, protein, lipid (fats and oils), vitamins A, C and D, and the mineral ions calcium and iron, water and dietary fibre as components of the diet 2.25 understand that energy requirements vary with activity levels, age and pregnancy 2.26 describe the structures of the human alimentary canal and describe the functions of the mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and pancreas 2.27 understand the processes of ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation and egestion
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2.28 explain how and why food is moved through the gut by peristalsis 2.29 understand the role of digestive enzymes, to include the digestion of starch to glucose by amylase and maltase, the digestion of proteins to amino acids by proteases and the digestion of lipids to fatty acids and glycerol by lipases 2.30 understand that bile is produced by the liver and stored in the gall bladder, and understand the role of bile in neutralising stomach acid and emulsifying lipids 2.31 describe the structure of a villus and explain how this helps absorption of the products of digestion in the small intestine 2.32 describe an experiment to investigate the energy content in a food sample.
f) Respiration 2.33 understand that the process of respiration releases energy in living organisms 2.34 describe the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration 2.35 write the word equation and the balanced chemical symbol equation for aerobic respiration in living organisms 2.36 write the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and in animals 2.37 describe experiments to investigate the evolution of carbon dioxide and heat from respiring seeds or other suitable living organisms.
Plus material covered in L5 as follows: Specification Section 2: Structures and functions in living organisms e) Nutrition in flowering plants 2.17 describe the process of photosynthesis and understand its importance in the conversion of light energy to chemical energy 2.18 write the word equation and the balanced chemical symbol equation for photosynthesis 2.19 understand how varying carbon dioxide concentration, light intensity and temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis
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2.20 describe the structure of the leaf and explain how it is adapted for photosynthesis 2.21 understand that plants require mineral ions for growth and that magnesium ions are needed for chlorophyll and nitrate ions are needed for amino acids 2.22 describe experiments to investigate photosynthesis, showing the evolution of oxygen from a water plant, the production of starch and the requirements of light, carbon dioxide and chlorophyll g) Gas exchange in flowering plants 2.38 understand the role of diffusion in gas exchange 2.39 understand gas exchange (of carbon dioxide and oxygen) in relation to respiration and photosynthesis 2.40 understand that respiration continues during the day and night, but that the net exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen depends on the intensity of light 2.41 explain how the structure of the leaf is adapted for gas exchange 2.42 describe the role of stomata in gas exchange 2.43 describe experiments to investigate the effect of light on net gas exchange from a leaf, using hydrogen-carbonate indicator
g) Gas exchange in humans 2.44 describe the structure of the thorax, including the ribs, intercostal muscles, diaphragm, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli and pleural membranes 2.45 understand the role of the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm in ventilation 2.46 explain how alveoli are adapted for gas exchange by diffusion between air in the lungs and blood in capillaries 2.47 understand the biological consequences of smoking in relation to the lungs and the circulatory system, including coronary heart disease 2.48 describe experiments to investigate the effect of exercise on breathing in humans.
h) Transport in humans 2.49 understand why simple, unicellular organisms can rely on diffusion for movement of substances in and out of the cell
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2.50 understand the need for a transport system in multicellular organisms 2.57 describe the composition of the blood: red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma 2.58 understand the role of plasma in the transport of carbon dioxide, digested food, urea, hormones and heat energy 2.59 explain how adaptations of red blood cells, including shape, structure and the presence of haemoglobin, make them suitable for the transport of oxygen 2.60 describe how the immune system responds to disease using white blood cells, illustrated by phagocytes ingesting pathogens and lymphocytes releasing antibodies specific to the pathogen 2.61 understand that vaccination results in the manufacture of memory cells, which enable future antibody production to the pathogen to occur sooner, faster and in greater quantity 2.62 understand that platelets are involved in blood clotting, which prevents blood loss and the entry of micro-organisms 2.63 describe the structure of the heart and how it functions 2.64 explain how the heart rate changes during exercise and under the influence of adrenaline 2.65 describe the structure of arteries, veins and capillaries and understand their roles 2.66 understand the general structure of the circulation system to include the blood vessels to and from the heart, the lungs, the liver and the kidneys.
i) Excretion in flowering plants and humans Flowering plants 2.67 understand the origin of carbon dioxide and oxygen as waste products of metabolism and their loss from the stomata of a leaf Humans 2.68 recall that the lungs, kidneys and skin are organs of excretion 2.69 understand how the kidney carries out its roles of excretion and osmoregulation 2.70 describe the structure of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra
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2.71 describe the structure of a nephron, to include Bowman’s capsule and glomerulus, convoluted tubules, loop of Henlé and collecting duct 2.72 describe ultrafiltration in the Bowman’s capsule and the composition of the glomerular filtrate 2.73 understand that water is reabsorbed into the blood from the collecting duct 2.74 understand that selective reabsorption of glucose occurs at the proximal convoluted tubule 2.75 describe the role of ADH in regulating the water content of the blood 2.76 understand that urine contains water, urea and salts. j) Coordination and response in humans 2.77 understand that organisms are able to respond to changes in their environment 2.78 understand that homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment and that body water content and body temperature are both examples of homeostasis 2.79 understand that a coordinated response requires a stimulus, a receptor and an effector 2.83 describe how responses can be controlled by nervous or by hormonal communication and understand the differences between the two systems 2.84 understand that the central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord and is linked to sense organs by nerves 2.85 understand that stimulation of receptors in the sense organs sends electrical impulses along nerves into and out of the central nervous system, resulting in rapid responses 2.86 describe the structure and functioning of a simple reflex arc illustrated by the withdrawal of a finger from a hot object 2.87 describe the structure and function of the eye as a receptor 2.88 understand the function of the eye in focusing near and distant objects, and in responding to changes in light intensity 2.89 describe the role of the skin in temperature regulation, with reference to sweating, vasoconstriction and vasodilation
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2.90 understand the sources, roles and effects of the following hormones: ADH, adrenaline, insulin, testosterone, progesterone and oestrogen.
h) Transport in flowering plants 2.51 describe the role of phloem in transporting sucrose and amino acids between the leaves and other parts of the plant 2.52 describe the role of xylem in transporting water and mineral salts from the roots to other parts of the plant 2.53 explain how water is absorbed by root hair cells 2.54 understand that transpiration is the evaporation of water from the surface of a plant 2.55 explain how the rate of transpiration is affected by changes in humidity, wind speed, temperature and light intensity 2.56 describe experiments to investigate the role of environmental factors in determining the rate of transpiration from a leafy shoot
j) Coordination and response in flowering plants 2.80 understand that plants respond to stimuli 2.81 describe the geotropic responses of roots and stems 2.82 describe positive phototropism of stems
A copy of the specification can be found here: http://qualifications.pearson.com/en/qualifications/edexcel-international-gcses-and-edexcel-certificates/international-gcse-biology-2011.coursematerials.html#filterQuery=category:Pearson-UK:Category%2FSpecification-and-sample-assessments Useful websites: http://www.thebiotutor.com/ http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/subjects/z9ddmp3 http://www.clickbiology.com/igcse-biology-2/ http://msjoconnor.weebly.com/
Giant Covalent Structures - Diamond and Graphite (covered in detail on SS only)
Covalent Bonding and Simple Molecular Structures
Fractional Distillation of Crude Oil
Alkanes
Alkenes
Ethanol (SS only)
Synthetic Polymers Topic 3: Metals – Reactivity Series and Extraction of Metals
Reactivity Series
Extraction of Iron
Molten Electrolysis and Ionic Bonding
Extraction of Aluminium
Aqueous electrolysis, including of brine – SS only Topic 4: Structure and Bonding
Summary of work carried out on structures and bonding
Answering questions on structure and bonding Topic 5: Energetics
Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions
Experiments to measure energy change
Upper Four Topics (built on in Lower 5 topics)
Topic : The Periodic Table
Groups and Periods
Metals and Non-metals
Noble Gases
Topic : Group 1 Elements
Reactions with water
Trend in reactivity
Topic : Ionic Compounds
Formation of Ions
Oxidation and Reduction
Ionic Bonding
Using dot-and-cross diagrams to represent ionic bonds
Properties of Ionic Compounds
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Topic : Covalent Substances
Formation of Covalent bonds
Using dot-and-cross diagrams to represent covalent bonds
Topic : Reactivity Series
Using experimental data to place the metals in order of increasing reactivity
Using displacement reactions to identify the order in reactivity
Topic : Separation
Drama You will be answering a paper in the format of an actual GCSE paper and all revision will take the
form of your notes, essays and handouts. Your revision will need to cover the following:
- The roles within the theatre industry - Essays from Live Theatre - Work undertaken on The Crucible - Terminology, styles and genres, techniques of the actor and technicians and skills
DT The Design & Technology School Examination will ask you to answer questions based on the
projects that you have worked on this year. The Game Project and the Design Theory worksheets.
Think about the following;
The importance of carefully considered design and working in a team.
The role of ICT in the design process.
How to design a successful project.
Aesthetics / Ergonomics
Designing for your controlled assessment project
English You will have one paper in the summer exams on Macbeth and your modern play: preparation for these texts will be explained by your class teachers. You will also have a paper with a question on some of the poems from the anthology: once again, your teachers will explain about how to prepare.
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French For your L5 French summer exam you will be doing a full IGCSE – listening, reading, writing and oral
exams.
The oral exam lasts 15 minutes and is composed of two role plays (30 marks) which you prepare
beforehand for 10 minutes, a 1-2 minute pre-prepared presentation and 2-3 minute conversation
on the presentation topic (30 marks) and a 5 minute general conversation of a two further topics
(30 marks). There are also 10 further marks awarded for general impression to make a total of 100
possible marks. The topics for the general conversation for your L5 exam will be: Self, family and
friends, home town, school life and home life.
The listening exam lasts 45 minutes and you will answer questions in French. The reading exam is 1h and you answer questions in French. The continuous writing exam lasts 1h. You answer 3 questions: You must remember to answer all the points in each question and be accurate.
These are the key topics that we have covered so far this year:
AREA A
Everyday activities
home and school life including daily routine (Unité4 p64-73) food, healthy eating and eating out (Unité 5p.86-105)
AREA B
Personal and social life
self, family and personal relationships (Unité 1 p6-23) house and home (Unité 3 p52-55)
AREA C
The world around us
home town and local areas (Unité 2 p24-35) shopping (Unité 4 p.74-79) public services (Unité 5 p92) finding the way (Unité 2 p28-29) places and customs (Unité 1 p16-17) travel and transport (Unité 3 p50-51) Useful websites to revise from are:
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www.languagesonline.org.uk www.zut.org.uk www.linguascope.com www.ashcombe.surrey.sch.uk Go to MFL and then student resources then French then video quizzes www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/french www.thisislanguage.com Also, remember to learn all the vocabulary in your vocabulary booklets and revise the grammar
from the grammar booklet, which are all on the T drive, in the IGCSE French area, and your class
notes. There are also past papers saved on the IGCSE French T drive. Use the Memrise app and
find the ‘CIE French core vocabulary section’ to practise vocab as well (you will need to log on and
find it on a PC or laptop first.)
Bonne chance!
Geography
Hazards case studies
1. Hurricane Mathew 2016 -impact on Haiti and USA
2. Management of the earthquake and tsunami in Japan 2011
3. Coastal flooding: Management of floods in Chiswell, Dorset. 2014
2. Shanty town problems and management – Kibera Slum, Nairobi
3. Changes in an urban area – Inner city changes- Bede Island, Leicester. Rural-urban fringe changes –
Southampton.
River environments case studies.
Physical features of a drainage basin – River Tees, NE England.
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German
For your L5 German summer exam you will be doing a full IGCSE – listening, reading, writing and oral exams.
The oral exam lasts about 15 minutes and is composed of two role plays (30 marks) which you prepare beforehand for 15 minutes, a 1-2 minute pre-prepared presentation and 2-3 minute conversation on the presentation topic (30 marks) and a 5 minute general conversation of a two further topics (30 marks). There are also 10 further marks awarded for general impression to make a total of 100 possible marks. The topics for the general conversation for your L5 exam will be: Self, family and friends, home town, school life and home life.
The listening exam lasts 45 minutes and you will answer questions in German (45 marks).
The reading exam is 1hr and you answer questions in German (45 marks).
The writing exam lasts 1hr. Firstly a 5 mark task where you write vocabulary that corresponds to pictures; then a 15 mark essay (80-90 words) answering bullet points. Lastly, a 30 mark essay of 130-140 words - you are given a choice of 3 questions for the second essay but no choice for the first essay. You must remember to answer all the points in each question and be accurate. The key is to use a variety of structures and a range of verbs and different subject pronouns.
These are the key topics that we have covered so far this year:
AREA A
Everyday activities
Home and school life including daily routine Hobbies
AREA B
Personal and social life
Self, family and personal relationships House and home
AREA C
The world around us
Holiday Public services Finding the way Meeting people Travel and transport
Useful websites to revise from are:
http://www.languagesonline.org.uk/ http://gut.languageskills.co.uk/general/login.html Log in: User ID: 2457 Password: student
You need to know the following points of grammar, to be found in your own grammar notes, or in Greek to GCSE part I and part II. You must know all the grammar
εἰμι I am – present, imperfect, present participle and infinitive
NUMBERS εἱς δυο τρεις
SYNTAX - expressing time
- uses of the definite article
- uses of participles
- relative clauses
- result clauses
VOCABULARY Checklists 1-7.
History
Remember the best way to revise is to practise past questions. Look through the help sheets you have been given over the year to remind yourself of the various exam techniques. Use your crib sheets to remind yourself how to answer these questions. You must learn all the topics, although not every period will come up on the examination.
Section
Format
Depth Study
International Relations
1919-39
Q A6
You must learn the whole
period but the questions will
obviously NOT cover every
theme.
4 questions
a) Chronology (3)
b) Explanation of one effect (4)
c) Causation Question (8)
d) Knowledge/comprehension of
source
(10)
45 minutes
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USA: Historical Investigation Sources Paper
Historical Investigation
USA 1917-29
Q A4
The exam paper will focus on
one of the key themes.
3 questions
a) Source inference (3)
b) Source cross-referencing (7)
c) Using sources & own knowledge
to evaluate (15)
45 minutes
Key themes Content Coverage
The impact of the First World War on the USA
Economic benefits. Isolationism.
Attitudes to Versailles settlement and the League of Nations.
Protectionist policies.
Immigration Attitudes to immigration.
Policies to restrict immigration.
Sacco and Vanzetti Case.
Prohibition and gangsterism Reasons for introduction of prohibition.
Reasons for failure of prohibition.
Organised crime including Al Capone.
Mass production and the stock market boom
Reasons for economic boom of 1920s.
Henry Ford and mass production.
The popularity of the stock market.
Problems in farming.
The Roaring Twenties The changing position of women including the flappers.
Leisure industry, cinema, Jazz, dancing, sport, radio, advertising and motoring.
Morals and the ‘Monkey Trial’.
The position of black Americans The Jim Crow Laws, segregation and discrimination.
The Ku Klux Klan.
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Depth Study: International Relations Paper 1919-39
Food and Nutrition
Nutrients – Protein, Fat, Carbohydrate, Vitamins and Minerals. Water and Dietary Fibre.
The Eat well Guide
Energy
Digestion and Absorption
Factors affecting food choice
Meal planning for individuals. Health issues associated with food
Nutritional, physical, chemical and sensory properties of food
Effect of heat on the structure and sensory properties of food
Food preparation and Cooking
Cooking methods and heat transfer
Recipe Balance and Modification of recipes for health
Food Poisoning & Micro organisms
Key themes Content Coverage
The Versailles Settlement The aims of the Big Three.
Key terms of the treaties of Versailles, St Germain, Sevres, Trianon and Neuilly.
Reactions to the peace treaties.
International cooperation in the 1920s
International disarmament, especially the Washington Conferences.
The Locarno Treaties and the Kellogg-Briand Pact.
The breakdown of cooperation in the early 1930s
Impact of the World Depression.
The emergence of the dictators.
The Japanese invasion of Manchuria.
Failure of the Disarmament Conference, 1932-33.
Appeasement, 1933-39 Reasons for appeasement.
Italian invasion of Abyssinia (1935).
Rhineland (1936).
Austria (March 1938).
The Sudetenland Crisis and the Munich Conference.
Reasons for the outbreak of the Second World War
German occupation of Czechoslovakia (March 1939).
Anglo-French support for Poland.
Nazi-Soviet Pact (August 1939).
German invasion of Poland, weaknesses of appeasement.
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ICT - (Only for those new to L5 in Sept 2016)
1 ¾ hour Theory Exam ONLY 4 main topics to revise: 1. Theory (Spring / Summer Term) 2. Databases (Autumn Term) 3. Network / Comms Theory (Autumn Term) 4. Impact of ICT Theory (Spring Term)
I know
well
I need
to revise
1) BASIC THEORY
Types of computer and the differences between them
Hardware needed to connect to the internet: Router / Modem
Other requirements to get an internet connection: o IP address o Communication link (satellites / cables) o ISP o Web browser software
Types of internet connections – Broadband, Dial-up, Wi-Fi, VPN, 3G
Protocols – TCP/IP, HTTP(S), WEP/WPA
Internet Services
Internet Uses: o E-Commerce, Advertising, News, Education, Entertainment,
Communication, Socialising, Customer support, Software distribution
Communication through the internet o Wikis, Blogs, Social networking, forums (chatrooms, newsgroups,
mailing lists, bulletin boards), video conferencing, VOIP, instant messaging, web 2.0
Email o Definition o Advantages / Disadvantages
Web address o What the parts of the web address mean
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I know
well
I need
to revise
o URL
Selecting the appropriate information on the internet: o Recognise intention & authority of provider, currency of the
information, relevance, bias, accuracy o Using filter software to limit what can be found
Searching Engines & Searching for information: o Different ways to search the web o How to refine your search:
Multiple keywords Quotation marks Boolean
Intranet: Definition & Uses (facilities)
4) IMPACT OF ICT THEORY (Spring Term)
Legal Issues / Data Security
Legislation: o Computer Misuse Act:
Unauthorised access Fraud Viruses Malware
o Copyright Patent & Designs Act Software piracy Copyright Plagiarism
o Data Protection Act Aims of the act Rights of the individuals Responsibility of the company
E-Safety: Personal information safe, avoid misuse of images, use appropriate language, confidentiality, use copy lists carefully, use social networking sites with caution
Subjunctive: imperfect and pluperfect tense, all persons and all conjugations
VERBS - IRREGULAR esse, posse, velle, nolle
PARTICIPLES Present, Perfect Passive and Perfect Active
USES OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE cum clauses, purpose clauses (including relative purpose clauses), indirect
question, indirect command, result clauses.
VOCABULARY Checklists Stages 1-28 plus as far as we reach in the GCSE vocabulary booklet. Use your common sense: you will be expected to know words which you met in U3, L4 and U4 as well. You could check your general vocab by looking at the word list in the back of CLC Book 4. Don’t forget the interactive vocabulary tester: www.cambridgescp.com
Maths
The Lower 5 summer exam covers work from previous years as well as this year. The best way to learn Maths is to practise questions. Below are a list of the topics covered this year, you can use your notes or Myimaths to revises these.
You will be given plenty of other revision material in the summer term in class. Trigonometry: Sine Cosine and Tangent Revision of basic algebra, equations, substitution and rearranging Probability – tree diagrams, conditional Quadratics Upper and Lower bounds Areas and volumes of similar shapes Histograms Simultaneous equations Drawing graphs (including trig graphs) + solving equations graphically Circle theorems Straight lines – lengths of lines, midpoints, and gradients of perpendicular lines Functions Direct and inverse proportion Arc length and sector area Volumes and surface areas Graphs transformations Data handling revision Revision of fractions, decimals and %
Music - A full revision booklet is available on google Classroom. Please refer to this for full
revision contents.
Styles of music
● Baroque
● Classical
● Romantic
● Twentieth Century
○ Impressionism
○ Neo-classical
○ Jazz
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○ Minimalism
Genres (using the examples we have explored in Western Classical music)
● Opera
○ Recitative, aria and chorus
● Symphony
● Concerto
● String Quartet
● Sonata
● March
● Waltz
● Minuet and Trio
Structures
● Binary, Ternary, Rondo, Theme and variation,
Ground bass, Sonata
Key signatures up to 4 sharps and 4 flats in
major and minor keys
Intervals: major/minor/perfect
Revision resource on classroom
Harmony
● Primary chords: I, IV and V(7)
● Secondary chords: II and VI
● Perfect (V-I) and imperfect (any chord - V) cadences, interrupted (V - VI) cadence (ends on a MINOR CHORD
if in a MAJOR key/ ends on a MAJOR CHORD if in a MINOR key.)
● Modulations to related keys: dominant (V), subdominant (IV), relative minor (VI) /major (III)
Dictation: practice resource: http://www.teoria.com/en/exercises/md.php
Use ELEMENTS OF MUSIC SHEET to refer to topics and terms that you need to know
Mendelssohn set work
● Background to Mendelssohn;
● Structure
● Transposition: check transposing instruments in the Mendelssohn
Practice resource: http://www.teoria.com/en/exercises/tw.php
Physical Education
Paper 2
1 The meaning of health and fitness: physical, mental/emotional and social health-
linking participation in physical activity to exercise, sport to health and well-being.
2 The consequences of a sedentary lifestyle
3 Obesity and how it may affect performance in physical activity and sport
4 Somatotypes
5 Energy use
6 Reasons for having a balanced diet and the role of nutrients
7 The role of carbohydrates, fat , protein, vitamins and mineral
8 Reasons for maintaining water balance (hydration) and further applications of the topic area.
Paper 1
9 Bones and the functions of the skeleton
10 Structure of the skeletal system/functions of the skeleton
11 Muscles of the body
12 Structure of the synovial joint
13 Types of freely moveable joints that allow different movements
14 How joints differ in design to allow certain types of movement
15 How the major muscles and muscle groups of the body work antagonistically on the major joints of the skeleton to affect movement in physical activity at the major movable joints.
16 First, second and third class levers
17 Mechanical advantage
18 Analysis of basic movements in sporting examples
19 Analysis of basic movements in sporting examples
20 Planes and axes
21 The pathway of air in gaseous exchange
22 Blood vessels
23 Structure of the heart and the cardiac cycle (pathway of blood)
24 Cardia output and stroke volume (including the effects of exercise)
25 Mechanics of breathing and interpretation of a spirometer trace
26 Aerobic and anaerobic exercise
27 Recovery/EPOC
28 The short and long term effects of exercise
Paper 2
29 Skill and ability, including classification of skills
30 Definitions and types of goals
31 The use and evaluation of setting performance and outcome goals, including the use of SMART targets to improve/optimise performance.
32 Basic information processing
Physics
L5 Double Award Summer Exam 2017 revision list
You will find a full copy of your specification here (Double Award is all specification points not in