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MONDAY | JANUARY 16, 2012 Free with Free Press Journal

Back to healthA look at what it takes to make acareer in nursing

Higher Education ForumWhat is multiple intelligence and how to use it in education?4 Testing times

REG. NO. MH/MR/SOUTH-105/2012-14

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The CAT results areout. Not all studentshave scores highenough to secure aseat at the covetedIIMs. BINITA MEHTAfinds out what’s nextfor them

WHAT AFTER CAT?

The results of the Common AdmissionTest were announced last week, themost dreaded entrance exam for

securing a seat at one the coveted IndianInstitutes of Management. About 1.85lakh students took the exam last year,conducted between October 20 andNovember 18 in 2011 in 68 test centresacross 36 cities. However, these 1.85 lakhstudents were fighting for roughly over2750 seats at the various IIMs across thecountry.

Last week, when the results wereannounced, CAT candidates got to knowtheir overall percentile as well as sectionwise percentiles. With these percentilesin hand, they were able to assess whetheror not they are eligible to go to theirdream B-school. Of course, for the ninestudents who have scored 100 percentile,the world is their oyster! After the CATresults were declared on Wednesday, tenout of 13 IIMs have announcedindividual shortlisted candidates ontheir respective websites after the CATresults were declared on Wednesday.Based on their admission policies, 10out of 13 IIMs across the country havedeclared the list of shortlistedcandidates, based on their individualadmission policies.

However, what for the 1.8 lakh studentswho do not make it? "It is not always soblack and white," says K Pratik, who isamong those who will not be getting in."As you know, every student has a backup. There are several other exams, and ifyou have appeared for those, you dohave other eggs in your basket," he says,informing this writer that he has takenthe CET for Maharashtra, the SNAP testfor Symbiosys Institute in Pune and theNMAT for the NMIMS in Mumbai. Ofcourse, the confidence with which heimparts this information does not helpto hide his obvious disappointment athis score. Upon being asked, he says, "Ofcourse I am disappointed, I want to beassociated to the IIMs. Once thatassociation happens, it stays for life! Butthere is nothing I can do about it. I gaveit my best shot, it just wasn't enough. Itwas my second attempt, I cannot wasteany more time, I need to start theprogramme an a well-known institutethis year," says the student whograduated in 2009 and wants a kickstartto a management career like thousandsof others.

There is some respite though. The CATresults form the basis of selection criterianot only for IIM aspirants but also forother Tier-II MBA colleges across India.In case, a candidate is short of entryrequirements for top 25 B schools,he/she can aspire for the next set of B-schools. These include S P Jain Instituteof Management & Research,Management Development Institute,Mudra Institute of CommunicationsAhmedabad (MICA), K J SomaiyaInstitute of Management Studies &Research, Kohinoor Business School &Centre for Management Research, andWelingkar Institute of ManagementDevelopment & Research amonghundreds of others.

“Such is the nature of entrance exams,”says Prof K L Ninan, who coachesstudents for the CAT. Some make it,some don’t. All teh aspirants are quiteaware of the odds, and they cannot bemoping around too much. That is justnot the quality of a good managementstudent,” he opines. According to him,students should look ahead and makethe best of their current situation.

Send your views and comments [email protected]

Never before has India seensuch an upsurge in thedemand for higher educa-

tion, especially what manycall and consider, 'qualityeducation'. In fact, accordingto a recent survey, it has beenfound that with every 10 percent increase in householdincome, the spending oneducation increases mani-

fold. With parents keenon seeing their childrensucceed, the limits for

borrowing and spend-ing on a college or

professionaldegree arestretched likenever before.

In fact, a jokedoing rounds ofthe circuit cur-rently entails

parents of anupscale IB school

complaining to theauthorities and

requesting them totake off the air con-

ditioning in the bath-rooms. Air condi-tioning in thebathrooms?

Really? In fact,the parents are

faced with an chil-dren demandingsuch facilities at

home as well! Reallynow, is that the quality

we are all harping about?On a more serious note, with

higher education becoming anincreasingly expensive proposi-tion, the common man is findingit difficult to cope with college,private tuition and coaching fees.Members of the academic frater-nity have solutions to make itmore affordable, but they too,somewhere resign to the fact thatlike in every other product orservice, in education too, qualitycomes at a cost.

"Quality comes at a price, andyou have to set a benchmark.Quality of education should notbe compromised just to make itaffordable. We cannot deliver poorquality education at higher-levels

because that is like doing injusticeto the students. However, I agreethat we need to bring in newmodels to deliver quality educa-tion," says Dr Pratima Jadhav,principal of Elphinstone College.

In fact, there is a scheme wherethe central authorities are workingon the national vocational educa-tion qualification framework,which would help in promotingskill-based competency modulesto be integrated into seven certifi-cation levels, where a student canundergo skill-based learning. Thisstep hopes to enhance employa-bility and employment opportuni-ties, and also give students theflexibility to pursue formal educa-tion or take up an appropriate jobat the end of any level of certifica-tion.

"Unfortunately, there is someeconomics involved, whether inbusiness or in education," says DrRajan Saxena, Vice Chancellor ofNMIMS University. "If one is look-ing at a certain level of quality ineducation, there is bound to be acost that cannot be complainedabout. In fact, even exclusivitybrings a certain level of cost," heexplains. According to him, if thebase of opportunities available forhigher education is expanded, thecost of education will naturallycome down. More supply will leadto competition, which will bringdown the costs, and quality willbecome a necessity for it to thrive.

"Quality does not mean unnec-

essary details, but yes, if you wantthe technological advantages,with wifi on campus, and connec-tivity for students at all times,then you have to bear the cost.People do not understand thatthese advantages go a long way.They help saving precious timeand effort. Take for instance look-ing up something - may be a casestudy, a meaning anything.Compare the time and effortrequired to do it in the library andjust looking it up at a click of abutton, ie online," says NiravShah, who is working on bringingwifi and classroom managementsystems to engineering institutesin the city. Shah further stressesthe fact that if we need to get evenremotely close to the West, weneed to invest in infrastructure,and students have to be ready tobear the cost. "Otherwise,progress will be seriously stunt-ed," he says.

According to Shah, there is nodoubt that the government isdoing a lot to bring higher educa-tion to the masses, especially inrural areas, by making it easier toget bank loans. "The problem isthere is no awareness among ruralstudents and their parents thatsuch facilities are available," heelaborates. Higher education willbe costlier due to the infrastruc-ture involved. The governmentshould fund students on the con-dition that they will work for atleast two to three years in thecountry after completing theirhigher studies.

Even with the constraints, westill have immense opportunities.The reality is that there is a hugedemand for education in India,which, at present, is not being metwith. That is a larger question.

Cash-ing in?Does quality in education comeonly at a cost? And what is thelimit of the cost?NEHA SHAH askssome questions

In recent times

It was with great expectation that PrimeMinister Dr Manmohan Singh declared2012 as the 'National Mathematical Year'

as a tribute to maths wizard SrinivasaRamanujan. In teh same breath heexpressed concern over the dismal andinadequate number of competentmathematicians in the country, adding thatthe idea that pursuing mathematics inhigher education does not lead to lucrativecareer possibilities must change. What doesthe mathematics community at large feel?

"No doubt the general perception in oursociety and country is that mathematics,or for that matter any pure science will notlead to attractive opportunities," saysAshok Kumar, who works as a researchscientist with the Bhabha Atomic ResearchCentre. "If the prime minister wants tochange this perception, there have to beinstances where students can be aware ofthe new career opportunities available tomathematics," he adds.

Counters mathematics graduate andteacher P R Shrinivasan, "Most studentshaving interest in mathematics, physicsand chemistry proceed to MBA aftercompletion of graduation, as there isminimal opportunity in either thegovernment segment or in colleges if theypursue postgraduation and doctorate," Hesays. According to him, even if they obtaina doctorate, due to reservation policies,they find it difficult to get employment orthe salaries are just too low. "The PM can'tmake a subject look attractive just bymaking a special year for it. There have tobe policies and systems in place for that.Nothing changes with 2012 being theNational Mathematical Year, except thatthere will be a few more seminars held forthe subject," he caustically adds.

Senior school maths teacher N KNandkumar has a different take. "You mustremember that this announcement ismade on the birth anniversary of one ofthe greatest mathematicians the countryhas ever known - Ramanujan. The mathswizard had compiled over 3,000 theoremsand made amazing contributions inmathematical analysis, number theory,and infinite series. His other significantcontributions include Ramanujan prime,

Ramanujan theta function and others. Hisworks find applications till date in thefields of algebra, geometry, trigonometry,calculus, divergent series and so on," heinforms. According to him, the single mostfocus of teachers and tutors across thecountry in this year should be toencourage students to be friendlier tomaths rather than be afraid of it. "Myconstant effort is to help students get overtheir phobia for the subject and ask themto understand logically rather than justlearn by rote. Unlike other subjects, whichour system so perfect enables students tolearn by rote, math has to be figured out,"he says. Nandkumar emphasises again andagain that we cannot wait until collegelevel to generate interest about a particularsubject among students. That interestneeds to be inculcated and developed at amuch earlier stage. Unfortunately, maths isa subject that tends to be a monster formany. The stigmas around maths like'maths is difficult' and that 'one should begood at calculations to excel in maths'should be avoided for starters. Coping withthe fear of maths primarily, needs positiveattitude towards the subject. And

importantly, don't go by the 'weak atmaths' saying.

Stating that mathematics is part of thecore curriculum for a wide range of basicand professional courses, Prof Vijayakumarof Cochi University says that manyteachers, educators, and mathematicianshave responded to the challenge ofteaching mathematics effectively in diverseways. Some have developed powerfulpedagogical approaches or learningmaterials; some have introducedinnovations in their teaching; some haveworked with teachers; some with students;and some have taken up research tounderstand more deeply the teaching andlearning of mathematics.

"Men and women of such dazzlingbrilliance and deep intellect are born butrarely," declared Prime Minister Singh atChennai at a function last month tocelebrate the 125th birth anniversary ofRamanujan. It is true, as we see from theexperiences of E Pramod, an MScMathematics student at IIT-Madras.Pramod did his BTech at the same institutewhich would have earned him a fat pay-package. But this did not stop him from

pursuing MSc in the subject that he lovedright from school. "I gave in to advice frompeople that a BTech course would be thebest bet and went for it, but at theundergraduate level I struggled since I hadno interest in engineering," he says, sincehe never got over his first love -mathematics.

Many mathematicians thin that to makethe subject popular, the quality ofmathematics education needs to beimproved. Even as the subject is ofparamount importance in the modernscientific and technological world, theyouth is gradually feeling shy of choosingmathematics as a career, they observe.According to many educationists, thoughwe need to improve the situation, theprimary goal lies in encouraging thestudents. Only if the majority of studentsare interested in the subject, can thesituation improve. “The subject is suchthat it needs tremendous drive, not just asustenance basis for a student to devote islife to it,” concludes Nandkumar.

Send your views and comments [email protected]

2012 has been declared as the NationalMathematical Year. KNOWLEDGE asksthose in the field what it entails

Looking ahead

A ‘CALCULATED’QUESTION

Winners of essay competition felicitated

Diva, the essay competition organised byAadarsh Coaching Classes, Diva and daily news-paper Navshakti earlier this month ended withthe prize distribution ceremony. Chief guest, Cir-culation Manager of Navshakti Ganesh Kadamgave away the prizes. Manasi Ghadge, KaranBhanushali and Suyash Chaudhari won the first,second and third prizes respectively in group A,where as Asmita Patil, Purva Joshi, Ajay Guptastood first in Group B, with Pooja Gurav andSameer Salkar stood second, and Ranjit Gawadea nd Vrushali Jadhav stood third. In group C,Minal Varekar stood first, Mahadev Karavadestood second and Jyoti Kesarkar stood third.

Jubilee celebrations at Barfivala School

SCD Barfivala School of the Cosmopolitan Education Society ushered in the golden jubileecelebrations on last year to commemorate 50 glorious years. A cultural week was organised forvarious interschool competitions. The societyorganised a musical night last week to celebrate50 years of the school. The function was presidedby the President of Cosmopolitan EducationSociety Harshad Valia and attended by all presentteaching and non-teaching staff as well as ex-stu-dents and honourable guests.

D Y Patil placements successful

Padmashree Dr DY Patil University Departmentof Business Management (DYPDBM) had over100 companies for campus interviews duringcampus placements last week, including Pepsico,Maersk, HSBC, Citibank, Unitex, Future Group,Globus, Apollo Hospital etc. Dr R Gopal DirectorDYPDBM credited Kiran Khairnar and his place-ment team, as a majority of the students havebeen placed as of today.

Hinduja College declared MU’s ‘Best College’

The Mumbai University Annual Prize Distribu-tion was held last week with Dr BhalchandraMungekar as the Chief Guest. Prakash P Hindujafor being unanimously elected on the IndianEconomists Association. VC Dr Rajan Welukarpresided over the function and declared in hispresidential speech that Hinduja College hasbeen awarded the Best College in Mumbai Cityby University of Mumbai. He also urged the stu-dents to be efficient in the 21st century.

World Hindi Day at IGNOU

Various competitions were organised at the Indi-ra Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU),during celebration of World Hindi Day. Address-ing a large gathering, VC Prof M Aslam empha-sised that Hindi is a link language which coversthe entire country including Delhi where peoplecome from all other cities. Hindi is the link lan-guage to converse with each other. The functionwas organised by Hindi Unit of IGNOU.

Know India Programme at IGNOU

Under the Know India Programme of Ministry ofOverseas Indian Affairs (MOIA), Government ofIndia, 37 participants from 11 countries visitedIGNOU to get acquainted to our education sys-tem. They interacted with IGNOU VC Prof MAslam. They were particularly interested to knowabout the prospects of placement, admissionprocedure and academic programmes beingoffered by IGNOU internationally. The studentsshowed lot of interest in IGNOU programmes.The Vice-Chancellor in his address to studentsstated that IGNOU is operating in 43 countriesacross the world through 82 partner institutions.It was also mentioned that there is studentstrength of 44,000 from these 43 countries. Vice-Chancellor specifically highlighted that IGNOUwill reach learners wherever they are and this iswhat IGNOU calls 'Education at your Doorstep.'

MONDAY | JANUARY 16, 2012 The Free Press JournalKnowledge2

The Free Press Journal Knowledge Write to: Shraddha Kamdar, Editor - Knowledge. Free Press Journal, Free Press House, 215, Free Press Journal Marg, Nariman Point, Mumbai - 21. Telephone: 022-22874566. E-mail: [email protected]

ACADEMIC CORNER

Feedback

Science and researchThe cover story, 'Tipping the scales'(Knowledge, January 9) has said thatwhy India is lagging behind other coun-tries in science and research, eventhough India has given the most impor-tant digit zero to the world. The soft-ware for digging the mars planet sur-face, has been developed by an Indianscientist working for NASA. How can weforget late Kalpana Sharma, anotherIndian scientist of NASA. India's poorspending on research and development(hardly one or two per cent of the GDP),has been echoed by the Prime MinisterDr Manmohan Singh at the inauguraladdress of the Indian Science Congressat Bhubaneswar.The Indian industry isnot enthusiastic on spending on R&D,except sectors like pharmaceuticals andautomotives.The bulk of the spendingis done by the government. China hasovertaken India in space programmes,even though it has been a late entrant.China has already put an astronaut inthe space, put a space station in theorbit; and has developed anti-satelliteweapons, and is planning to send atroupe on the moon. Both science andtechnology are different from eachother. Maths is queen of sciences, andthe year 2012 has been declared as theNational Mathematics Year. Gradually,the government is waking up.TheDepartment of Science and Technologyhas set up a National Institute for Sci-ence and Technology Communication(known as Vigyan Prasar - www.vigyan-prasar.gov.in), to nurture interest in sci-ence. Science programmes are telecaston channels like DD National, DDregional kendras, Lok Sabha TV, GyanDarshan channel; and also broadcast on119 stations of All India Radio, and GyanVani radio stations.The institute makesradio/ television programmes, trains sci-ence communicators, and encouragescreativity and innovations.There are1,600 Vigyan Prasar science clubs (theseclubs makes new CDs on science andtechnology topics, DVDs on sciencefilms, books and manuals for projects,activity kits for middle and high schoolstudents, personal computer-based sci-entific experiments), and there is VIPNET(Vigyan Prasar Network) to disseminateinformation on science and technology,and it publishes a monthly newsletter -VIPNET News.The government hasintroduced the Higher Education andResearch Bill, 2011 in the Rajya Sabha.There are plans to set up a Board forResearch Promotion and Innovationunder this bill.The Council for Scientificand Industrial Research (CSIR) hasundertaken a new millennium Indiantechnology leadership initiative (aunique public-private partnership pro-gramme for innovation development),and has called for industry-originatedR&D concept proposals. Focus areas are- affordable healthcare, solar energy,smart and functional materials, nextgeneration automobiles, intelligentbuilding technologies and sensors,micro machines, and zero water usetechnologies.

DEENDAYAL M LULLAGoregaon

Send your institute’s/ college’s academic information and pictures to Sachin Tikare Email: [email protected]

THE ‘RIGHT’ THING

Have you ever experienced a sense of dis-satisfaction after buying a product andthen not known how to go about get-

ting the issue redressed? As a consumer weall expect to get a correct measure of what-ever we purchase. Back in the day, someshop keepers blatantly cheated their cus-tomers by sticking magnets to the weighingscale, making the actual quantity of theproduct weigh less than what the customerrequested for. Even today, there are a largenumber of brands that 'cheat' their cus-tomers in a wide variety of ways. How then,do we as consumers go about getting valuefor our well-earned money?

Know your rightsFor starters, it is important to be aware of

your rights as a consumer. The ConsumerProtection Act, 1986 states that as con-sumers, we have the following rights:

• Right to choose: Consumers have theright to choose from a large variety ofproducts and services, priced competi-tively and with the assurance of goodquality and service.

• Right to be heard: Consumers areassured that they will be represented sothat their interests and complaints areheard with sympathy and understanding.

• Right to redressal: Consumers have theright to fair settlement of just claims thatenables them to receive compensationfor misrepresentation or for inferiorgoods and services.

• Right to consumer education: Con-sumers have the right to acquire theknowledge and skills needed to be aninformed consumer.

• Right to information: Consumers havethe right to be protected against fraudu-lent, deceitful and misleading informa-tion, advertising and labelling needed tomake an informed decision.

• Right to safety: Consumers must be pro-tected against the marketing of good that

are hazardous to health or life.Now that you are acquainted with your

rights as a consumer, it is important toact on them if you need redressal for acertain product or service that failed tosatisfy.

What can you do? There are a number of ways to go about

the process of redressal. In fact, when com-bined, these methods are sure to offer yousome form of justice. Filing a redressal atthe consumer court would be the first thingthat comes to mind when a consumerseeks justice against malpractices on thepart of a retailer or manufacturer. A writtencomplain needs to be filed before the Dis-trict Consumer Forum for a pecuniaryvalue of up to rupees twenty lakh, the StateCommission for a value up to rupees onecrore and the National Commission for anyvalue above rupees one crore with regardsto defective goods or services.

How to make a differenceEverybody knows that in India, going

through the legal route can turn out to be afutile attempt with much wastage of time,energy and resources. Hence, to ensureprompt redressal, the Government of Indiahas facilitated an online registrationprocess that allows the consumer to regis-ter complaints via the Internet. Known asCORE (Consumer Online Resource and

Empowerment) Centre, this grievance sys-tem offers a dual platform to consumersand large companies alike. In addition tohelping consumers get their grievancesredressed, CORE also runs a customerretention programme that helps largecompanies retain their customers andbuild their brand around such customers.

To lodge a grievance online, one needs tovisit the CORE website (www.core.nic.in).Once the complaint is registered, it is for-warded to the complaint manager, whothen goes through the same to check thelegitimacy of the complaint. If it is found tobe genuine, an alert is sent to the brand inquestion, after which the company'sresponse is directly published below thecomplaint in the assigned area. The con-sumer is also notified about the same andis requested to comment on his or her sat-isfaction with the response. But if the com-plainant is not satisfied, he or she can writeback to the CORE Centre in confidence. Adedicated CORE complaint manager willonce again take up the issue with the con-cerned brand for an amicable resolution.

The online forum of the consumer courtof India (www.consumercourt.in) is yetanother effective route to seek justiceagainst dissatisfaction against consumerbrands. The website is user-friendly anddivided into different areas of consumergoods and services.

Fast and easyBesides lodging a grievance via the CORE

Centre and on the consumer court ofIndia website, many unhappy Indian con-sumers find that speedier redressal isachieved by harnessing the Internet, par-ticularly social media like Twitter andFacebook. Interestingly, every major Indi-an consumer brand happens to have aTwitter and Face book profile. Accordingto a recent research, approximately 40 percent of Indian consumers use social net-working websites to air their problemswith regards to consumer brands andservices. Whether you want to complainagainst a faulty product or a service thathas not been provided to you, socialmedia networks seem to be the quickestway to get your issue addresses. The viralnature of such media is what makesbrands bend backward to satisfy their cus-tomers, in an attempt to hush down allsorts of negative publicity.

According to networking websites to, "airtheir problems with regards to consumerbrands and services. Whether you want tocomplain against a faulty product or aservice that has not been provided to you,social media networks seem to be thequickest way to get your issue addresses.The viral nature of such media perhapsmakes brands bend backward to satisfytheir customers, in an attempt to hushdown all negative publicity."

For for information or resolving griev-ances, you could log on to www.ncdrc.nic.in;www.consumercourt.in; www.consumer-grievance.com

In a world where consumer is supposedly king,KNOWLEDGE shows the youth how to get justiceagainst consumer brands that fail to satisfy

Youth club

Innovation has been themain driving forcebehind all the miracles

humans have created. Theidea of innovation is a buzzword among the intelli-gentsia round the globe.Innovation in educationand education for innova-tion is the idea that iscatching the fancy of edu-cational thinkers today.

To take this idea a stepfurther, recently, Institutefor Future Education Entre-preneurship and Leader-ship (IFEEL)m Karla, Lon-avala played host to AIMSWestern Region RoundTable Conference of Deans& Directors on the themeof 'Innovation in Educationand Education for Innova-tion' earlier this month.The deans, directors andprincipals of managementcolleges shared their viewson how this idea can beincorporated to overhaulthe concept of impartingmanagement education.

The conference revolvedaround the idea of how theheads of institutions couldguide their students to beinnovative. This applies toall fields, be it manage-ment, business, technologyor education. Globalisationhas done away with barri-ers and has shrunk theworld into a small spacewhere we have to be mutu-ally beneficial.

The conference was inau-gurated by Prof Mohd Mas-sod Ahmed, PresidentAIMS, along with other dig-

nitaries including Dr Dev-dutt Pattanaik, Chief BeliefOfficer, Future Group; DrVijay Khole, Former Vice-Chancellor, University ofMumbai; AIMS Past Presi-

dents Dr Uday Salunkhe,Dr Rakesh Khurana, Dr MR Rao, Prof Y KBhushan, DrV Panduranga Rao, and DrShaifali Gautam amongothers. Prof Ahmed deliv-ered the inaugural speechillustrating how innovationhas altered the course ofhuman history, citingexcellent examples fromhistory. Dr Devdutt Pat-tanaik talked about mytho-logical anecdotes relatingthem to situations intoday's context. He com-municated another inter-esting idea about Indianindecisiveness.

In his key note address,Sanjay Jog, CEO, FutureEducation, stuck to the

idea of innovative thinkingin business by understand-ing the culture of a countryso that you can create pro-cedures to do business.

Dr M R Rao, Dean Emeri-tus, ISB, enlightened theaudience radicals that willbring about changes.

Innovation remained anall-pervasive themethroughout the conferenceThe dignitaries exchangedviews on innovation ineducation and educationfor innovation. They voicedtheir doubts, hinted at thechallenges and spokeabout the benefits of thisgreat idea. Dr UdaySalunkhe, Group Director,Wellingkar Institute ofManagement, is a leadingthinker, appropriatelyanswered the queries of theguests.

Dr H Scheema, CEO &Dean of iFEEL said, "Theconference concluded on avery positive feeling ofeveryone feeling enrichedfinding something valuablein terms of innovation as atake home from the twodays conference."

Towards new horizons

The eminent dignitaries at the conference with Dr H S Cheema

IFEEL hosts the Western Region Round Table Conferencefor Deans and Directors on the theme Innovation inEducation and Education for Innovation

When a patient is dischargedfrom the hospital, he or shewill never forget the treat-

ment meted out by the staff. Thetop most in this line are the nurs-es, who are the wonderful caregivers who 'nurse' them back tohealth. So, if you think it is a jobonly second to being a doctor,think again! This profession hascarved its niche and is expandingin terms of the demand for trainedpersonnel, not only in the country,but also outside.

Everyone knows nurses nursescare for the sick and injured inhospitals, where they work torestore health and alleviate suffer-ing. Many people are sent homefrom the hospital when they stillneed nursing care, so nurses oftenprovide care in the home that isvery similar to the care they giveto patients in the hospital. In clin-ics and health centres in commu-nities which have few doctors,nurses diagnose and treat com-mon illnesses, prescribe and dis-

pense medications and even per-form minor surgery. Nurses arealso increasingly working to pro-mote people's health and to pre-vent illness in all communities.

On the jobNurses are involved with nearly

all aspects of a patient's care, fromproviding comfort and hygiene toadministering injections and IVs,updating medical records, as wellas minor therapeutic and diagnos-tic procedures and processes.Schedules and duties vary basedon the type and level of nursingrole. Surgical nurses assist in theor with equipment and suppliesfrom pre-surgical prep, to post-operative care. Nurses can be gen-eralists or obtain master's degreesand additional certifications tospecialise in a specific area suchas pediatric, cardiac, neonatology,oncology, or just about any med-ical specialty.

“There is one primary consisten-cy which is the ‘nursing process’. Itoutlines how a nurse approacheseach patient, and includes fivesteps: assessment, diagnosis,planning, implementation, and

evaluation,” says Mugdha Lad,Principal, Dr B Nanavati Hospital,School of Nursing.

“I’m a doctor, and it’s sort of hardto answer that question. Nursesare basically the backbone of hos-pital treatment, they give the med-ications, clean the patient, takevital signs, and are responsible formaking the doctor aware of anychange in the patient’s status thatmay require attention. The qualityof nursing care has a huge impacton a patient’s experience, proba-bly more so than the doctor (thenurse generally covers far fewerpatients than a doctor and so canspend more time with each one),”says cardiac surgeon Dr A CPereira. “So the importance ofnursing?” he continues, “Well, it’shard to tease that out from theimportance of having good doc-tors, good medications, good sur-geons, etc but without somebodyto do the day to day work none ofwhat my colleagues and I dowould matter much.”

Some specialisations are:

Hospital nurses: They areassigned jobs in areas like surgicalward, maternity home, intensivecare unit, obstetric, pediatrics, andrehabilitative care.Orthopedic nurses: Nursesemployed in this domain need tohave a fair knowledge about reha-bilitation and physiotherapy.Psychiatric nurses: Nursesemployed under the psychiatricsection need to take care of thementally disabled people. Educators: Nurses employed inthis field need to train studentspursuing a nursing course. Occupational health nurses orIndustrial nurses: Nursesemployed in this domain need towork under the guidance of theindustrial physicians. They usuallyoffer emergency care for accidentstaking place within the industrialpremises. Pediatric nurses: Nursesemployed in this domain need totake care of babies and children.

Course cuesA large number of institutes in

India offer diploma, graduate andpostgraduate courses in nursingas well as midwifery courses.

BSc Nursing - You need to com-plete plus two with biology,physics and chemistry. The courseduration is three years. The BScNursing course provides basicknowledge about nursing, first-aidand midwifery. They are trained inall the theoretical as well as practi-cal aspects of nursing.

MSc Nursing - You have to com-plete your BSc in Nursing. Theduration is two years.

General Nursing and Midwifery(GNM) - Eligibility: Plus two withPCB. The GNM programme is toprepare general nurses who func-tion as members of the healthteam, to hold first-level positionsin both the hospitals and othersuch places.

Auxiliary Nurse Midwife/ Health

Worker (ANM) - Have to completeclass 10. The ANM course providetraining as to how to take care ofhealth related needs of the peopleliving in rural areas especially chil-dren, mothers and old persons.

Career prospectsThe largest group of workers in

the health sector are those in thenursing occupations as nursesand nursing assistants. In a hospi-tal from the general ward to theoperating theatre, nursing formsan integral part. This is one of thefew domains of work that isalmost totally dominated bywomen.

With increasing health con-sciousness in India, the quality ofhealth services has improved.Skilled and specialised nurses arein high demand by the healthorganisations. The nurses can getexcellent employment opportuni-ties in government or private hos-pitals, clinics, nursing homes,orphanages, old age homes, mili-tary services, industries andschools. Majority of the nurses inIndia go abroad. Most of the nurs-es working throughout the worldare from the Indian state of Kerala.Skilled nurses can work in specialised fields like surgical,medical, ICU, telemetry and ER.

Remuneration“Remuneration depends on the

level of seniority reached. Nursesemployed by government hospi-tals receive an average monthlysalary of `12,000 to `15,000,”informs Swapna Joshi, Sister Tutor,LTMG Hospital. Those working forprivate hospitals receive a slightlyhigher remuneration. Privatenurses have a fixed daily fee.

This career profile was presentedon the request of our reader, FYJC

student Gunjan Parekh. If youwant more details about any

career, write to us [email protected]

The Free Press Journal Knowledge MONDAY | JANUARY 16, 2012 3

Our counsellor, Anuradha Prabhudesai, has over 12 years of experience. She works as a vocational psychologist at Disha Counseling Center

Dear readers,Many times you may have

questions related to career guidancethat you are not certain whom to ask.We now have a space here for yourbenefit. If you have a question relat-ing to a course, an entrance exam orthe prospects and requirements ofany field, do write in to our counsellorat [email protected]

Counsel queries Montessori trainingI would like to know more about getting professionally trained in the Montessori system

of education from a good institute. Please include details about the admission procedures.— Shrinita Menon

Dear Shrinita,Association Montessori

Internationale (AMI) training isoffered at three different levels:infant (ages 0-3 years), primary(ages 3-6 years), and elementary(ages 6-12 years). Each courseincludes developmentalpsychology, Montessori theory, andpractical, hands-on classroomtraining, as well as observation andpractice teaching under trainingcentre guidance in approved, AMI-staffed Montessori classrooms. AMI training courses last a minimum of one academic yearand are full-time courses of study. Some AMI courses are offered over a period of two orthree consecutive summers, with interim work. In Mumbai, the certified course is offered bythe RTI Montessori Training Course, Sir Ratan Tata Institute (Annexe), 30 NS Patkar MargMumbai. You can log on to www.montessori-mumbai.org for further information.

Personnel management

I am working as an aircrafttechnician. I have completedgraduation in economics. Now I aminterested in doing postgraduationin personnel management. What isthe scope?

- Aniket Sharma

Dear Aniket,With a degree in personnel

management, you can work as apersonnel officer, labour officer,employee relations officer, labourand welfare officer or industrialrelations and training officer in largeindustrial and businessorganisations, governmentundertakings, factories, mines,plantations, hospitals, hotels, banksand other financial institutions,professional institutions ororganisations that have a largeworkforce. You could even start yourown recruitment consultancy afteryou have gained some workexperience. Briefly, the workincludes payroll processing,recruitment, disciplinary action,evaluation, motivation and training,maintaining contracts, timesheets,holiday, sickness, maternity leave etcof the staff.

Landscape deisgningI am going to \take my HSC exams this

year. I am interested in architecture.Further, does landscape designing haveany scope?

— Siddharth PoddarDear Siddharth,

A Landscape architects designs areas tomake them functional, beautiful andcompatible with the surroundingenvironment. A landscape architectdecides the location of buildings, roads,walkways, gardens, even the arrangementof trees flower-beds, fountains etc. keepingin mind the conservation of natural

resources and history of the area. Thecontrolling of urban problems like excesstraffic and pollution also comes within theambit of landscape designing. Hence itmay even involve regulating trafficmovement and redesigning trafficways.While it is developing its own niche inIndia, landscape architects are also inconsiderable demand. However, a numberof excellent landscape designers I knoware self-taught. Armed with excellentgardening skills and some knowledge ofhorticulture, they proceeded to experimentwith small home gardens before venturingout on more ambitious projects. But insuch cases, a great deal of trial and error isinvolved.

Take care ofthe essentialsKNOWLEDGE provides you essential tips for landing theright job, especially if it is your first

The short pitch!Be prepared during a first

interview to make the '60-sec-ond sell,' a four- to five-sen-tence summary of your biogra-phy and accomplishments,according to human resourceprofessional Jayant Kamble."When they say, 'Tell me aboutyourself, why should I hireyou?' you have a memorisedstatement about why you'd begood on the job," says Kamble.

Tap in to your personal resources

Networking with your con-tacts does not necessarily haveto be confined to business con-tacts, especially when you'retrying to break into a big com-pany that may use automatedsoftware to screen applicants.You can ask every one youknow and you are comfortableto talk to if they have a connec-tion to a specific employer oreven the company, and insidercontact will help. The goal is toget your resume forwarded to ahiring manager via the compa-ny's internal network, ratherthan having it come from theoutside and get lost in the shuf-fle of other applicants."Microsoft gets 1,00,000resumes a month -- how do youthink they're going to find youotherwise through that cyberhole?" says Tejas Nadkarni, whoworks as a software developerwith the software giant.

Look beyondPersonality specialist and

career coach Shailaja Mulay,recommends attending profes-sional association meetings in arelated field as well as those inyour own specialty. For exam-ple, although your experiencemay be in marketing, add gath-erings for finance executives orother fields in which you couldapply your skills and experi-ence to your regular scheduleof ad and marketing group

meetings. Another networkingstrategy is to give it the old col-lege try by tapping alumni --even those you don't know."Most universities have onlinedirectors of alumni, so I'd gothat route if possible," saysJansen. "If not, contacting thealumni office would be Plan B."

Look within youAlthough you may not have

the time or financial resourcesto pursue an advanced degree,taking additional coursework inyour field to boost specific skillscan get you noticed by arecruiter. Also, don't forget tocite key experience gained fromvolunteering for community,school or nonprofit groups."Look at your transferableskills, including project man-agement, budgeting, supervis-ing others and organisationalplanning," Mulay says.

Know your worthEven during a downturn, it's a

mistake to settle for less just toget the job. Before accepting anoffer, consult a salary survey oronline salary calculator to makesure the package is competitivewithin your field. "It's an out-dated idea that you should takeanything to get your foot in thedoor," Mulay says. "It couldtake you 10 years to get adecent salary."

Be regular Whether it's posting your

resume in the common area ofyour apartment building, orsharing your job hunt with yourdoctor, dentist or dermatolo-gist, you should incorporateyour search for work into everyaspect of your daily life. "Dosomething every single day thatis about looking for a job,"Kamble says.

If you are caring, and interested in medicine, nursing could be rewarding profession. REENA JHAVERI provides the pointers

Careers

Aptitude check

• Are you compassionate? Without compassion, how will you be able toempathise with your patients?• Are you extremely patient? Not only will you need patience with your patients,but also with co-workers, physicians and family members. • Are you meticulous, paying extreme attention to detail? You will need thisquality when filling out the exact details about different patients in their records.• Do you have an aptitude for and an interest in medical studies?• Are you physically strong enough to handle long shifts, when most of the timeyou will be on your feet?• Will you be confident enough to handle tricky situations with patients andtheir family? If you answered 'no' to three or more of the above questions, thiscareer may not be for you.

BACK TO HEALTH

It is sad that the world recognises tradi-tional notion of intelligence, based onIQ testing, which is far too limited. It

attempts to represent a person's overallintellectual abilities with a single score.The IQ test assesses a person's logicalthinking skills and memory, but fails toassess interpersonal skills or creativity.Someone who scores below average on anIQ test may still have exceptional creativi-ty, which the test overlooks. An often-mentioned limitation of IQ tests is thatthey do not produce consistent scoresacross cultural groups. We know impor-tance of sympathising, intuition, imagina-tion and flexibility. Today, successfulorganisations spend enormously to gaugetheir employee's potentials beyond IQ.

The theory of multiple intelligences wasdeveloped in 1983 by Dr Howard Gardner,Professor of Education at Harvard Univer-sity. Dr Gardner proposes eight differentintelligences to account for a broaderrange of human potential. They are:

Linguistic intelligence: There are peoplewho are good in vocabulary. People withLinguistic intelligence love and are talent-ed with words. They enjoy reading, writingand learning languages. They have an abil-ity to teach and explain things to others.They learn best by reading, taking notesand attending lectures and seminars. Theymake good authors, poets, editors, teach-ers, journalist, broadcaster, politician etc.

Mathematical intelligence: People whoare strong in logical-mathematical intelli-gence are good at reasoning, recognisingpatterns and logically analyse problems.These individuals tend to think conceptu-ally about numbers, relationships and pat-terns. They have excellent problem-solv-

ing skills, they are also abstract thinkers,and they make scientists, mathematicians,computer programmers, engineers andaccountants.

Spatial intelligence: Spatial intelligencerelies mostly on ability to picture shapesand spaces of objects in their minds; it isthe ability to retain the form of somethingin the mind's eye. They routinely under-stand navigation; therefore, they makegood sailors. The sailing professionalsneed knowledge of gazing stars, moon andsun to sail in the sea. People with spatialintelligence are keen observers of theworld around them, noticing subtletiesand details that most of us miss. This spa-tial awareness gives them skills in draw-ing, doing puzzles, mazes, and any taskthat requires fine-motor manipulation.

Kinesthetic Intelligence: Kinesthesia isour movement sense. It simply refers toan awareness of changes in momentum,balancing the pressure and body positionin general. It tells us all about how we aremoving our bodies. Kinesthetic intelli-gence includes control of the bodilymotions, the ability to handle objectsskillfully and the gift for using wholebody motions. This "body smart" groupas they are called affectionately includesoverly active people who indulge in phys-ical movements and for whom learning isa physical experience. They are success-ful in active sports, constructing, danc-ing, hands-on tasks, working with scien-tific probes and microscopes, robotics,digital still and video cameras etc.

Musical intelligence: These are people

with ability to compose songs and music,sing and play instruments and appreciateall kinds of music; they have a strongsense of universal harmony and aware-ness of patterns in life. They understandrhythm; they appreciate complex struc-ture of musical notes, they speak in musi-cal patterns, these people move withmusic. They make good composers,recording engineers, performers, musicalinstrument makers, conductors, rap artistsand piano-tuners.

Interpersonal intelligence: Man is asocial animal who thrives and grows withothers. Some people have a strong abilityto interact with others, understand them,and interpret their behaviour. This abilityis known as interpersonal intelligence.According to Gardner, this intelligence is

seen in how we notice distinction amongothers; in particular, contrasts in moods,temperaments, motivations and inten-tions. From a psychological and neurolog-ical point of view, the connection betweeninterpersonal intelligence and the brainhas been explored for generations.

Intrapersonal intelligence: Individualswho are strong in intrapersonal intelli-gence are good at being aware of theirown emotional states, feelings and moti-vations. They tend to enjoy self-reflectionand analysis, including day-dreaming,exploring relationships with others andassessing their personal strengths. Theyhave excellent self awareness and under-stand their own feelings and motivesclearly. They make good philosophers,writers, scientists and theorists.

Naturalist intelligence: Naturalistic isthe most recent addition to Gardner's the-ory. Individuals who are high in this typeof intelligence are more in tune withnature and are often interested in nurtur-ing, exploring the environment and learn-ing about other species. They are said tobe highly aware of even subtle changes totheir environments. They are interested insubjects such as botany, biology and zool-ogy. They enjoy camping, gardening, hik-ing and exploring the outdoors.

The educational reform movement ofrecent years has initiated the search forinnovative approaches for teaching. Thereis an overwhelming appreciation of Gard-ner's intelligence theory in educationalinstitutions. We need to innovative peda-gogical tools for boosting creativity andadvancement in the education.

Authored by Dr Vidya Hattangadi,Professor of Marketing Management cum

Director at SGPC's Guru Nanak Instituteof Management Studies, Mumbai and a

senior member of HEF

MONDAY | JANUARY 16 , 2012 The Free Press JournalKnowledge4

Sanskrit course at Bhavan's

The Bhartiya Vidya Bha-van announces the com-mencement of its six-month course on 'SanskritVyakarana Pravesha (as perPaniniya Vyakarana) onSaturday, January 21. Themedium of instruction isHindi. The classes will beconducted on Saturdaysfrom 12 noon to 3 pm atthe Bhartiya Vidya Bhavan,Chowpatty. For registrationand other details contactthe PG & Research Dept,Bhartiya Vidya Bhavan,Chowpatty. You can call on2363 1261/ 2363 4463 ext222/ 228 or [email protected]

ICICI Fellows ICICI Foundation for

Inclusive Growth haslaunched a youth leader-ship programme called‘ICICI Fellows’, which aimsto create a cadre of sociallyresponsible leaders forIndia. The programme wasfounded with the beliefthat in each and every sec-tor, India needs talentedyoung leaders who havehad in-depth exposure toIndia's broader realities.The experience providesFellows with knowledge,insight and commitment toinclusive growth.

The 15-month pro-gramme focuses on experi-ential learning and is divid-ed into three complemen-tary parts - induction train-ing for three weeks; fol-lowed by placement withan NGO for six months;mid-point training of fourweeks, followed by place-ment with another NGOfor six months; and end-point training of threeweeks. The idea is toenable Fellows to workwith NGOs at the grass-roots level in villages withrural NGOs and supple-ment their on-groundexperience with lessons inmanagement training andleadership development.• The applications for the

next batch have begunfrom and will continuetill February 29, 2012.

• The assessment (aptitudetest, GD, Personal inter-view etc) will be conduct-ed across the countryfrom the months ofMarch to end of May. Theresults will be declared onJune 1, 2012. The batchwill commence fromAugust 1, 2012.

• All graduates in the agegroup 21 to 28 years canapply for this programme

• No fees are charged fromthe Fellows. Instead ICICI

News Bites

Multiple Intelligence and its Application in the Educational ArenaTOWARDS AN EDUCATED INDIA:

Higher Education Forum

Abhay Shikshan Kendra

RAJARSHI SHAHU COLLEGE OF LAWDr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Bhavan, Kannamwar Nagar-1,

Vikhroli, Mumbai-400 083

APPLICATIONS ARE INVITED FOR THE FOLLOWINGPOSTS FROM THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2011-12

UN-AIDEDSr. Cadre Subject Total No. Posts No. of Posts Reserved for

1. Principal B.L.S. (Five Years Degree 01 01 - OPENLaw Courses

2. Principal L.L.B. (Three Years Degree 01 01 - OPENLaw Courses

3. Librarian B.L.S. (5 Years Courses) 01 01 - OPEN& L.L.B. (3 Years Courses)

The above post is open to all, however candidates from any categorycan apply for the post.

Reservation for women & disabled persons will be as per rule.

Candidates having knowledge of Marathi will be preferred.

The qualification and pay - scale for the post of Principal & Librarian areas prescribed by the UGC & University of Mumbai from time to time.

For the post of Principal

1. A Master's Degree with at least 55% marks (or an equivalent grade in apoint scale wherever grading system is followed) by a recognizedUniversity.

2. A Ph.D. Degree in concerned/allied/relevant discipline (s) in the institutionconcerned with evidence of published work and research guidance.

3. Associate Professor/Professor with a total experience of fifteen years ofteaching/research/administration in Universities, Colleges and other insti-tutions of higher education.

4. A minimum score as stipulated in the Academic Performance -Indicator(API) based Performance Based Appraisal System (PBAS) as set out inhis Regulation in Appendix III for direct recruitment of Professor inColleges, However, a person who is already working as Principal in anyCollege and whose appointment has been approved by the University asper the qualifications and eligibility conditions prescribed for the post ofPrincipal prior to 4/4/2000 can also be considered eligible for the post ofPrincipal. The selected candidate shall be provided with rent-free accom-modation or HRA as admissible.For the post/s of Librarian NET/SET shall remain minimum eligibility con-

dition for recruitment and appointment in the Colleges/Institutions. Provided,however, that candidates who are or have been awarded Ph.D. degree in com-pliance of the University Grants Commission (Minimum standards and proce-dure for award for Ph.D. degree) Regulation, 2009 shall be exempted from therequirement of the minimum eligibility condition of the NET/SET for recruitmentand appointment of Assistant Professor or equivalent position inColleges/Institution Relaxation of 5% provided from 55% to 50% at the P.G.Degree level to SC & ST Categories.

Applicants who are already employed must send their applicationthrough proper channel. Applicants are required to account for breaks, if any intheir academic career. The details of the qualification, pay scale & allowancewill be supplied on request from applicants.

Applications with full details should reach to the SECRETARY, AbhayShikshan Kendra, RAJARSHl SHAHU COLLEGE OF LAW, Dr. BabasahebAmbedkar Bhavan, Kannamwar Nagar-1, Vikhroli, Mumbai - 400 083 with-in 15 days from the date of publication of this advertisement.

Sd/-SECRETARY

(Abhay Shikshan Kendra)

PN-2

Abhay Shikshan Kendra's (Regd.)

KRANTIJYOYI SAVITRIBAI PHULE EDUCATION (B.Ed.)

Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Bhavan, Kannamwar Nagar 1,Vikhroli (E), Mumbai - 83.

APPLICATIONS ARE INVITED FOR THE FOLLOWING POSTS FROM THE ACADEMIC

YEAR 2011-12Cadre Subject Total No. Posts Reserved for

of Posts Open SC ST DT/NT

Principal — 01 01 — — —

Lecturer (Education in 06 06Marathi, Maths,Science, History,Geography, Eco-nomics Method

The posts reserved for the backward class candidates willbe filled in by backward category candidates (Domicile of Stateof Maharashtra) belonging to that particular category only.

If ST candidates is not available then SC candidates canbe considered & vice versa on year to year basis appointmentas per the rule of interchangeability.

Reservation for women & disabled persons will be as perrule.

Candidates having knowledge of Marathi will be preferred.Relaxation of 5% provided from 55% to 50% at the P.O.

Degree level to SC & ST Categories.Applicants who are already employed must send their

application through proper channel.Applicants are required to account for breaks, if any in

their academic career. The details of the qualification pay -scale & allowance will be supplied on request from applicants.

Candidates belonging to reserved categories shouldsend two Xerox copies of their application along with the attest-ed copy of caste certificate to the Deputy Registrar, SpecialCell, University of Mumbai, Mumbai - 400032.

Application with full details should reach the Chairman,Abhay Shikshan Kendra's (Regd.) Kranti Jyoti SavitribaiPhule College of Education (B.Ed.) Dr. BabasahebAmbedkar Bhavan, Kannamwar Nagar 1, Vikhroli (E),Mumbai - 400083 within 15 days from the date of publication ofthis advertisement.

Sd/-Chairman/Managing Director,

(Abhay Shikshan Kendra)

PN 1

Foundation pays astipend of `12,000/- permonth. Apart from thishealth insurance coverupto `1 lakh on 24 hourhospitalisation is alsoprovided. The ICICI Fel-low designate is alsogiven the opportunity toundertake anexposure/study visit, any-where in India for a peri-od of not more than 1week financed by theICICI Foundation upto`10,000/- (all inclusive).

• The application form canbe downloaded from thewebsite www.icicifounda-tion.org/icicifellows/

• An interested candidatecan also check out on thefacebook site :http://www.facebook.com/ICICIFellows

New courses atRachana Sansad

Rachana Sansad is nowgearing up to offer newcourses to students. TheInstitute is adding threenew courses to the alreadyexisting bouquet of 18courses under the gradu-ate and postgraduate fac-ulty. The new courses to beadded are Valuation,Estate Management andLandscape Architecture.All these courses will com-mence from the academicyear 2012 onwards. Thecourse on LandscapeArchitecture will be affili-ated with the University ofMumbai.

Explaining the need tokeep updating andimproving the courses,Sumant H Wandrekar,Founder, Chairman andManaging Trustee ofRachana Sansad, said,ys,"The philosophy of educa-tion at Rachana Sansad isto provide up-to-date edu-cation that enables young-sters to be successful in

their professions, by incul-cating and experiencingdiscipline, respect, moti-vation and joy in learning.This process of educationis always in league withthe times, contemporarychanges, new reaches,demands and needs of thehour."

Somaiya launchesVigyan Yagnya 2012

Somaiya Vidyavihar willhost a mega science andtechnology fair in Mumbaibetween January 27 and29. The event, VigyanVihar, will feature exhibi-tion-cum-competition ofworking models in scienceand technology for stu-dents from class six toundergraduate science,engineering and polytech-nic students across Maha-rashtra. Dr Vijay Joshi,Principal, KJ Somaiya Col-lege of Science and Com-merce, Somaiya Vidyavi-har, is co-ordinating theentire activity pertainingto Vigyan Yagnya-2012.

Announcing the launchof Vigyan Yagnya in Mum-bai, Dr Joshi said, “Of late,applied science has

caught the fancy of every-one. People do not realisethat the miracles ofapplied science are basedupon the magic of purescience. Pure science as afundamental science isthe root of all discoveries.In order to stimulategreater interest in purescience in young minds,we have planned thismega science and tech-nology fair, Vigyan Yagnya2012. In fact, we have keptthe motto of the mega sci-ence and technology fairas ‘Inspire, Invent andInnovate.’

Vigyan Yagnya will bedivided in four categoriesthat will include studentsfrom class six to class 10at the junior level, inter-mediate category forclasses 11 and 12, andjunior college studentswhile the senior categorywill include undergradu-ate and postgraduate sci-ence students, and theengineering category willhave undergraduate engi-neering and polytechnicstudents participate in theevent. Winners from eachcategory will be awardedcash prizes worth ` 1 Lakheach.