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Kingdom Animalia Body Plans – Symmetry – Reproduction Development – Adaptations
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Kingdom Animalia Body Plans – Symmetry – Reproduction Development – Adaptations.

Mar 27, 2015

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Page 1: Kingdom Animalia Body Plans – Symmetry – Reproduction Development – Adaptations.

Kingdom Animalia

Body Plans – Symmetry – ReproductionDevelopment – Adaptations

Page 2: Kingdom Animalia Body Plans – Symmetry – Reproduction Development – Adaptations.

Basic Characteristics of Animals

*Eukaryotic*

*Multicellular*

*Heterotrophic*

Page 3: Kingdom Animalia Body Plans – Symmetry – Reproduction Development – Adaptations.

A. Body Plans

Coelom (def): body cavity

surrounded by mesoderm.

Types of body plans:1. Acoelomate2. Pseudocoelomate3. Coelomate (true

coelom)

Page 4: Kingdom Animalia Body Plans – Symmetry – Reproduction Development – Adaptations.

AcoelomatesAcoelomates

*Animals with no cavity surrounding the gut.

Examples:flatworms, tapeworms, flukes

Phylum of animals:Porifera &Platyhelminthes

Page 5: Kingdom Animalia Body Plans – Symmetry – Reproduction Development – Adaptations.

PseudocoelomatesPseudocoelomates

*Animals with a body cavity surrounding the gut, but the gutis not surrounded by mesoderm.

Examples:roundworm, hookworm, rotifers

Phylum of animals:Nematoda

Page 6: Kingdom Animalia Body Plans – Symmetry – Reproduction Development – Adaptations.

CoelomatesCoelomates*Animals with a true cavity surrounding the gut, and the gut is completely surrounded by mesoderm.

Examples:insects, snails, clams, humans

Phylum of animals:Mollusca, Annelida, etc.

This body plan helps animals move, gives space for complex organ systems

and allows them to grow larger.

Page 7: Kingdom Animalia Body Plans – Symmetry – Reproduction Development – Adaptations.

B. Symmetry

Symmetry (def): arrangement (balance) of body parts.

Types of symmetry:1. Asymmetry2. Radial symmetry3. Bilateral symmetry

Page 8: Kingdom Animalia Body Plans – Symmetry – Reproduction Development – Adaptations.

AsymmetryAsymmetry

*Animals w/an irregular shape

Examples:sponges

Phylum of animals:Porifera

Page 9: Kingdom Animalia Body Plans – Symmetry – Reproduction Development – Adaptations.

Radial SymmetryRadial Symmetry

*Animals that have body partsthat radiate from a central point.

Examples:sponges, starfish

Problems:limits ability to move.

*No head region

Page 10: Kingdom Animalia Body Plans – Symmetry – Reproduction Development – Adaptations.

Bilateral SymmetryBilateral Symmetry

*Animals with a shape that is two sided, mirrored halves.

Examples: humans, cats, dogs, horses.

*Equal left & right halves, anterior & posterior sides, dorsal & ventral sides.

Page 11: Kingdom Animalia Body Plans – Symmetry – Reproduction Development – Adaptations.

Bilateral Symmetry

*Organisms w/bilateral symmetry demonstrates cephalization.

*Cephalization – head region w/sensory organs in anterior region.

“VENTRAL”[Belly suface]

“POSTERIOR”[Tail-end]“ANTERIOR”

[Head- end]

“DORSAL”[Back suface]

Page 12: Kingdom Animalia Body Plans – Symmetry – Reproduction Development – Adaptations.

Comparing Radial & Bilateral Symmetry

Page 13: Kingdom Animalia Body Plans – Symmetry – Reproduction Development – Adaptations.

C. Reproduction in Animals

Types of Reproduction:

Sexual & Asexual

Page 14: Kingdom Animalia Body Plans – Symmetry – Reproduction Development – Adaptations.

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

Examples of asexual reproduction:budding – group of cells pinch off the parent & mature into an adultregeneration – the ability to grow missing parts.

Asexual Reproductiona.) involves only one parentb.) no recombination of genes.

“Budding”

Page 15: Kingdom Animalia Body Plans – Symmetry – Reproduction Development – Adaptations.

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

Sexual reproduction:a.) involves two parentsb.) recombines genes from two parents.

Page 16: Kingdom Animalia Body Plans – Symmetry – Reproduction Development – Adaptations.

Terms in sexual reproduction…

hermaphrodite:Individuals who have both male & female reproductive organs.*usually sessile; this increases the chances of finding a mate.

dioecious – means separate sexes (male and female organisms)

Page 17: Kingdom Animalia Body Plans – Symmetry – Reproduction Development – Adaptations.

Types of Fertilization

External fertilizationegg and sperm are

released into the water

Internal fertilizationeggs are fertilized by sperm“INSIDE” the mother’s body.

Page 19: Kingdom Animalia Body Plans – Symmetry – Reproduction Development – Adaptations.

Special terms in sexual reproduction…

AMNIOTE EGGAn egg enclosed in amniotic fluid and membranes for protection

“CHORION”*allows gas exchange

“EMBRYO”*young animal

“AMNION”*cushions and prevents

dehydration

“ALBUMEN”*additional

food and water

“YOLK”*food supply

“SHELL”*protection “ALLONTOIS”

*collects waste

Page 20: Kingdom Animalia Body Plans – Symmetry – Reproduction Development – Adaptations.

Special terms in sexual reproduction…

INCUBATION: warming of eggs so that they can mature and hatch.

Ways of delivering young:a.) oviparous – laying eggsb.) ovoviviparous – eggs hatch inside the motherc.) viviparous – bear live young

Page 21: Kingdom Animalia Body Plans – Symmetry – Reproduction Development – Adaptations.

Special terms in sexual reproduction…

gestation - term of pregnancy when the young develops in the uterus.Ex: *humans – 9 months *cats – 60 to 67 days

Mammary glands- glands of female mammals that produce milk to feed the young.

Page 23: Kingdom Animalia Body Plans – Symmetry – Reproduction Development – Adaptations.

E. Adaptations & DefensesAdaptations & Defenses

Coloration1. camouflage – having colors that blend into the surroundings.2. warning coloration – having bright colors to advertise defense

Page 24: Kingdom Animalia Body Plans – Symmetry – Reproduction Development – Adaptations.

E. Adaptations & DefensesAdaptations & Defenses

Coloration3. mimicry – harmless animal has the same coloration as a harmful one.4. countershading – having dark colors on the top & lighter colors on the

bottom.

Page 25: Kingdom Animalia Body Plans – Symmetry – Reproduction Development – Adaptations.

E. Adaptations & DefensesAdaptations & Defenses

ActivityNocturnal – animals that are active at night.Diurnal – animals that are active during the day.

Page 26: Kingdom Animalia Body Plans – Symmetry – Reproduction Development – Adaptations.

E. Adaptations & DefensesAdaptations & Defenses

Structures:fangs or stingersshells or spinesvenom or poison

Page 27: Kingdom Animalia Body Plans – Symmetry – Reproduction Development – Adaptations.

F. Classification

Class: Mammalia1. Monotremes – lay eggs Ex: duck-bill platypus, anteaters2. Marsupials – young in pouches Ex: kangaroo, wombat3. Placental – young in uterus Ex: all other mammals

Page 28: Kingdom Animalia Body Plans – Symmetry – Reproduction Development – Adaptations.

F. Classification

Class: ArthropodaCharacteristics:1. 3 Body Sections: Head, thorax, and abdomen2. 3 pair of legs, for a total of 6 legs.