Kartilago & Tulang Dna

7/21/2019 Kartilago & Tulang Dna

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HISTOLOGI

KARTILAGO & TULANG

11/22/15 1



Three components: Three components:

1.1. CesCes

2.2. !"#ers!"#ers

$.$. Gro%n s%#st'nceGro%n s%#st'nce

Hard Connective Tissue

C'rt"'(e 'n )oneC'rt"'(e 'n )one



Cartilage and BoneCartilage and Bone areare similarsimilar to theto the connectiveconnective tissue intissue in

that they are composed of cells, fibers and groundthat they are composed of cells, fibers and groundsubstance (matrix).substance (matrix).

Hard Connective Tissue

TheyThey

differdiffer

basically from basically from

the other connective tissuethe other connective tissue

by the presence of by the presence of

substancessubstances iin then the

intercellular material thatintercellular material that

provide provide firmnessfirmness (as in(as in

cartilage) andcartilage) and rigidityrigidity (as in(as in

bone). bone).



Three componentsThree components::

1. Cells1. Cells::

Cartilage

a.a. ll types of cartilage arell types of cartilage are

comprised of cells calledcomprised of cells called

chondrocyteschondrocytes

b. b. Chondrocytes occupyChondrocytes occupylacunaelacunae !hich are located!hich are located

!ithin the!ithin the matrixmatrix..



Three componentsThree components::

1.Cells1.Cells::

Cartilage

ContainContain chondronectinchondronectin, an, an

integral membrane protein thatintegral membrane protein that

binds binds toto ""s and collagen""s and colla

gen..

#ediates the adherence of#ediates the adherence of

chodrocytes to the extracellularchodrocytes to the extracellular

matrix ($C#).matrix ($C#).



1. Cells1. Cells::

Cartilage

Chondrocytes are elliptical cells !ith fe! microvilli.Chondrocytes are elliptical cells !ith fe! microvilli.

%uring gro!th of%uring gro!th of

cartilage,cartilage,

chondrocytes have achondrocytes have a

large "olgi complexlar

ge "olgi complex,,a !ell developeda !ell developed

rough endoplasmicrough endoplasmic

reticulum andreticulum and

vacuoles containing avacuoles containing aflocculent material.flocculent material.

&hat do these features indicate'&hat do these features indicate'



ChondrocytesChondrocytes produce produce protein protein,, collagen fiberscollagen fibers

andand ground substanceground substance

(e.g.,(e.g., chondroitinchondroitin

sulfatesulfate).).

Cartilage: Three Components

CellsCells::



Cartilage: Basic Structure

C"c* Here to Cont"n%e




ChondrocytesChondrocytes

acunaeacunae

Territorial #atrixTerritorial #atrix




nterterritorial #atrixnterterritorial #atrix

sogenoussogenous

groupsgroups

*erichondrium*erichondrium



a.a. *rincipal component is*rincipal component is chondroitin sulfateschondroitin sulfates.. b. b. Chondroitin sulfates are acidic proteoglycans that areChondroitin sulfates are acidic proteoglycans that are

responsible for theresponsible for the basophilic staining basophilic staining of the matrix.of the matrix.


"round substance"round substance::



c.c. The basophilia of theThe basophilia of the ground substanceground substance isis greatergreater ininthe area immediately surrounding the lacunaethe area immediately surrounding the lacunae

((territorial matrixterritorial matrix).).

This area containsThis area contains fe!fe!

collagen fibrils.collagen fibrils.


"round substance"round substance::

d.d. TheThe interterritorialinterterritorial

matrixmatrix located outsidelocated outside

the territorial matrixthe territorial matrix

contains acontains a greatergreaternumber of collagennumber of collagen

fibrils.fibrils.



#ainly collagen.#ainly collagen.


+ibers+ibers::



There 're three t+pes o, c'rt"'(e ,o%n "n There 're three t+pes o, c'rt"'(e ,o%n "nthe #o+:the #o+: h+'"neh+'"ne-- e'st"ce'st"c 'n'n #roc'rt"'(e#roc'rt"'(e..

Cartilage T+pes T+pes::



+ound on articular+ound on articular surfaces ofsurfaces of bones, bones, on the sternalon the sternal ends ofends of

ribsribs, in the, in the tracheatrachea and larynx,and larynx,

in the nose, in thein the nose, in the externalexternal

auditory meatusauditory meatus and in theand in thefetal seleton.fetal seleton.

Cells: Chondrocytes. -yalineCells: Chondrocytes. -yaline

cartilage gro!s by bothcartilage gro!s by both

interstitial and appositionalinterstitial and appositional

gro!th.gro!th.

Cartilage Types

-yaline cartilage-yaline cartilage::



Type collagenType collagen (/0)(/0) areare fine fibrilsfine fibrils (1// 2// nm(1// 2// nmdiameter) !hich form an interlacing net!or in thediameter) !hich form an interlacing net!or in the

matrix.matrix.

"round substance:"round substance:mainlymainly

chondroitin sulfates.chondroitin sulfates.

Cartilage Types

-yaline cartilage-yaline cartilage::



+ound in the larynx, external ear+ound in the larynx, external ear((auricle)auricle),, auditory tubeauditory tube andand

epiglottisepiglottis..

Cells: Chondrocytes are locatedCells: Chondrocytes are located

inin lacunaelacunae,, similarsimilar to those seento those seeninin hyalinhyaline cartilage.e cartilage.

$lastic cartilage$lastic cartilage gro!sgro!s by both by both

interstitial and appositionalinterstitial and appositional

gro!th.gro!th.

"round substance"round substance 3 principally 3 principally

chondroitin sulfates.chondroitin sulfates.

Cartilage Types$lastic cartilage$lastic cartilage::



!"#ers!"#ers: In '"t"on to co'(eno%s #ers-: In '"t"on to co'(eno%s #ers-e'st"c c'rt"'(e cont'"ns ' meshor* o,e'st"c c'rt"'(e cont'"ns ' meshor* o,

e'st"c #r"se'st"c #r"s th't ("0e the c'rt"'(e ' +eoth't ("0e the c'rt"'(e ' +eo

'ppe'r'nce "n the "0"n( st'te.'ppe'r'nce "n the "0"n( st'te.

Cartilage Types'st"c c'rt"'(e'st"c c'rt"'(e::

The presence of elasticThe presence of elastic

fibers gives thisfibers gives this

cartilage typecartilage type moremore

flexibilityflexibility than hyalinethan hyalineor fibrocartilage.or fibrocartilage.



+ound in+ound in intervertebral discsintervertebral discs,,articular discs,articular discs, symphysissymphysis

pubis pubis and at theand at the insertions ofinsertions of

tendons and ligamentstendons and ligaments..

t ist is nonot surrounded by at surrounded by a

perichondrium. perichondrium.

Cartilage Types

+ibrocartilage+ibrocartilage::



Cells: chondrocytes areCells: chondrocytes areoriented bet!een largeoriented bet!een large

collagenous fiber bundlescollagenous fiber bundles oror

appearappear singlysingly in an isolatedin an isolated

fashion !ithin lacunae.fashion !ithin lacunae.

4o, bagaimana cara4o, bagaimana cara

pertumbuhannya' pertumbuhannya'

Cartilage Types




There is no identifiableThere is no identifiable perichondrium surrounding perichondrium surrounding

fibrocartilage, therefore, itfibrocartilage, therefore, it

apparently gro!s byapparently gro!s by interstitialinterstitial

gro!th onlygro!th only

.5

.5

+ibers an abundance of+ibers an abundance of

collagen type collagen type fibrils that arefibrils that are

visible in routine preparations.visible in routine preparations.

6olagen tipe berapa untu6olagen tipe berapa untu

artilago hialin 'artilago hialin '

Cartilage Types




common characteristic of all types of cartilage is the common characteristic of all types of cartilage is theabsence of capillariesabsence of capillaries running !ithin it.running !ithin it.

CoveringsCoverings::

CartilageCartilage

)'('"m'n' *onros"tmen'p'tn%tr"s"



Therefore, the chondrocytes must receive nutritiveTherefore, the chondrocytes must receive nutritivesubstancessubstances from blood vessels in the connective tissuefrom blood vessels in the connective tissue

surrounding the cartilagsurrounding the cartilage by diffusion through thee by diffusion through the

ground substance.ground substance.


CartilageCartilage



TheThe perichondrium perichondrium consists of t!o layers:consists of t!o layers:

nner cellular layer nner cellular layer consisting ofconsisting of chondrogenic cellschondrogenic cells

that, in young cartilage, contribute to thethat, in young cartilage, contribute to the appositionalappositional

gro!th of cartilage.gro!th of cartilage.

7uter fibrous layer 7uter fibrous layer consisting of densely !ovenconsisting of densely !oven

collagenous fibers, blood vessels 8collagenous fibers, blood vessels 8 fibroblastfibroblast

n adult cartilage, the fibrous layer is the only layern adult cartilage, the fibrous layer is the only layer

that is apparent.that is apparent.


CartilageCartilage



*erichondrium*erichondrium



Methods of Growth of Cartilage

$mbryonic %evelopment$mbryonic %evelopment::

s the cells of most connective tissues, chondrocytes ares the cells of most connective tissues, chondrocytes arederivedderived fromfrom mesenchymalmesenchymal cells !hich form acells !hich form a

mesenchymal condensation.mesenchymal condensation.

These undifferentiated cells divide andThese undifferentiated cells divide and

differentiate into 9differentiate into 9chondrogenicchondrogenic cells, cells,committed to becoming chondrocytes.committed to becoming chondrocytes.

These cell further differentiate intoThese cell further differentiate into

chondroblastschondroblasts !hich create the initial $C#.!hich create the initial $C#.&hen chondroblasts become&hen chondroblasts become surroundedsurrounded

by the $C# and are in a lacuna, these cells by the $C# and are in a lacuna, these cells

become become chondrocyteschondrocytes..




nterstitial "ro!thnterstitial "ro!th::

ctive chondrocytes !ithin the cartilaginous mass canctive chondrocytes !ithin the cartilaginous mass canundergo mitosis. $ach daughter cell produces fibers andundergo mitosis. $ach daughter cell produces fibers and

ground substance around itself so that the cartilageground substance around itself so that the cartilage

expands from !ithin the matrixexpands from !ithin the matrix

((interstitial gro!thinterstitial gro!th). 5). 5"roups of these daughter cells !hich arise"roups of these daughter cells !hich arise

from a common chondrocyte retain a close relationshipfrom a common chondrocyte retain a close relationship

and formand form isogenous groupsisogenous groups..

f G f C i




ppositional "ro!thppositional "ro!th::

Chondrogenic cells located in the perichondriumChondrogenic cells located in the perichondriumsurrounding the cartilage can migrate into thesurrounding the cartilage can migrate into the

cartilaginous matrix and differentiate into chondrocytescartilaginous matrix and differentiate into chondrocytes

by by

appositionalappositional

gro!thgro!th.. 55

il



Cartilage can undergoCartilage can undergo calcificationcalcification !ith age (similar to!ith age (similar toendochondral bone formation).endochondral bone formation).

%eficiencies%eficiencies in the supply of precursorsin the supply of precursors, minerals, minerals, and, and

vitamins , C and %vitamins , C and % can lead to abnormal gro!th andcan lead to abnormal gro!th andmaturation of cartilage.maturation of cartilage.

bnormal production of gro!th hormonebnormal production of gro!th hormone by the anterior by the anterior

pituitary gland, thyroxin by the thyroid, testosterone and pituitary gland, thyroxin by the thyroid, testosterone and

estrogen by the gonads, and cortisone by the adrenalestrogen by the gonads, and cortisone by the adrenal

glands can also produce abnormal gro!th of cartilage.glands can also produce abnormal gro!th of cartilage.

-istophysiology and -istopathology-istophysiology and -istopathology::

CartilageCartilage



)ON

11/22/15 $3

B



1. ts cells are located in1. ts cells are located in lacunaelacunae

4imilar 4imilar to cartilage in thatto cartilage in that::

BoneBone

2.2. t has an intercellular matrix possessing a proteint has an intercellular matrix possessing a protein

polysaccharide rich ground substance containing polysaccharide rich ground substance containing

chondroitin sulfatechondroitin sulfate

;.;. t containst contains collagen fibrilscollagen fibrils..

B



1.1. norganic saltsnorganic salts arearedeposited in the bonedeposited in the bone

matrixmatrix

2.2. ts cells cants cells can not receivenot receivenutrients by diffusionnutrients by diffusion

through the inorganicthrough the inorganic

matrixmatrix

%iffers from cartilage in that%iffers from cartilage in that::

BoneBone

BB



;.;. CanaliculiCanaliculi lin the lacunae and serve as a means forlin the lacunae and serve as a means forthe passage of nutrientsthe passage of nutrients


BoneBone



canaliculicanaliculi

lacunaelacunae

groundground

bone, bone,

unstainedunstained

BB



.. The collagen fibrils areThe collagen fibrils are

organi<ed intoorgani<ed into lamellaelamellae


BoneBone

4



BoneBone

7steon7steon

ConcentricConcentric

amellaeamellae

CentralCentral

(-aversian)(-aversian)

CanalCanal

BB



=.=. Bone gro!s onlyBone gro!s only appositionallyappositionally..


BoneBone

BB



calledcalled osteocytesosteocytes, occupy, occupy lacunaelacunae and areand are

some!hat evenly distributed throughout the bone tissue.some!hat evenly distributed throughout the bone tissue.

55

CellsCells

BoneBone

BB



. 5. 5

The cells conform to the shape of the lacunae and sendThe cells conform to the shape of the lacunae and send processes into canaliculi, !here they form processes into canaliculi, !here they form gap >unctionsgap >unctions

!ith the processes of ad>acent cells. 5!ith the processes of ad>acent cells. 5

CellsCells

BoneBone

C'n'"c%C'n'"c%



..

C'n'"c%C'n'"c%

""

KO6ONN TULANG



KO6ONN TULANG• SEL : osteopro(en"tor- osteos#'s- osteos"t-

osteo*'s

• MATRIKS – )'("'n 'nor('n"* 7859

• *'s"%m- ,os,'t- #"*'r#on't- m'(nes"%m- *'"%m-

n'tr"%m – )'("'n or('n"* 7$59

• Ko'(en t"pe I-• GAG 7*onro"t"n s%,'t- *er't"n s%,'t-• ("*oprote"n

– Osteopont"n ;<on' osteo*'s- – Osteo*'s"n 7m"ner'"s's" – S"'oprote"n = prote"n 'es" osteo#'s & m'tr"*s

11/22/15 >1



PERIOSTEUM

• #'("'n %'r t%'n(

• ?'r"n('n "*'t p''t "rre(%er

• T'np' *'s"*'s"

• Se osteopro(en"tor

E!OSTEUM

• @"n"n( ron((' s%ms%m t%'n(

• ?'r"n('n "*'t

• Se osteopro(en"tor- osteo#'s

11/22/15 >2

SL OSTO)LAS



SL OSTO)LAS• Se osteopro(en"tor TG!B ; osteo#'s

•

A' reseptor hormon 6TH ; cS! &RANKL monos"t osteo*'s

• A' reseptor hormon *'s"ton"n ; osteo"& pen(en'p'n *'s"%m osteos"t

• Se*res" *o'(en t"pe I

• A' ('p D%nct"on en('n osteo#'s&osteos"t

11/22/15 >$



OSTEOSIT

• Se en('n D%%r'n s"top'sm'

• A' ('p D%nct"on en('n osteos"t '"n• N%tr"s" & O2 'r" c'"r'n e*str'se ''m '*%n'

& *'n'"*%"

OSTEOKLAS

• Osteo#'s 6TH ; 7m'*ro,'( osteo*'s

• )er'' " '*%n' hosh"p

• A' *'s"ton"n "n'*t", • A' osteoproto(er"n "n'*t",

• Unt%* resor#s" t%'n(

11/22/15 >>

7steoclasts7steoclasts



#any lysosomes that produce proteolytic en<ymes

responsible for the dissolution of bone matrix andcytoplasmic vacuoles.

7steoclasts7steoclasts

11/22/15 >5



RSOR)SI TULANG• Osteo*'s mense*res"

– 's'm *'s"%m 'r%t

– H"ro'se & *o'(en'se men(h'nc%r*'nm'tr"*s or('n"* t%'n(

• Osteo*'s men('m#" pec'h'n m'tr"*s

• eep's*'n *e *'p"er

11/22/15 >8



Compact vs. Spongy Bone

rregular, thin platesrregular, thin plates

? trabeculae? trabeculae %ense and solid%ense and solid



Compact vs. Spongy Bone

rregular, thin platesrregular, thin plates

? trabeculae? trabeculae %ense and solid%ense and solid



Structure and Location



Cort"c'

#oneCancellous"one

11/22/15 53



11/22/15 51

#$%&&

Corte'Corte'

Tra"eculaeTra"eculae

He&atopoieticand (atty &arro)

He&atopoieticand (atty &arro)



11/22/15 52

Bone : spongy boneBone : spongy bone



4picules 84picules 8 trabeculaetrabeculae

consist of several lamellae.consist of several lamellae.

4ince the canalicular4ince the canalicular

system can only providesystem can only provide

nutrients to osteocytesnutrients to osteocytes

!ithin /.2 mm from the!ithin /.2 mm from the

blood supply, trabeculae blood supply, trabeculae

and spicule are usually notand spicule are usually not

more than /. mm inmore than /. mm in

thicness.thicness.

7rgani<ation of lamellae7rgani<ation of lamellae::

Bone : spongy boneBone : spongy bone

Bone : compact boneBone : compact bone



consists of:consists of:

(1) concentric lamellae(1) concentric lamellae

arranged in -aversianarranged in -aversian

systems, and5systems, and5

(2) nterstitial lamellae(2) nterstitial lamellae

bet!een the -aversian bet!een the -aversian

systems.systems.

7rgani<ation of lamellae7rgani<ation of lamellae::

Bone : compact boneBone : compact bone

BoneBone



The -aversian canal containsThe -aversian canal contains

capillaries, venules, lymphaticcapillaries, venules, lymphatic vesselsvessels

and aand a loose connective tissueloose connective tissue

containingcontaining osteoprogenitoosteoprogenitor cells.r cells.

-aversian 4ystems (7steons)-aversian 4ystems (7steons)::

BoneBone

BoneBone



-aversian canals are oriented in-aversian canals are oriented in

thethe long axislong axis of the bone.of the bone.

@olmannAs canals are vascular@olmannAs canals are vascular

channels that connect thechannels that connect the

-aversian system !ith the-aversian system !ith the

blood vessels in the periosteum. blood vessels in the periosteum.

-aversian 4ystems (7steons)-aversian 4ystems (7steons)::

BoneBone

BoneBone



emnants of -aversian systems that !ere partiallyemnants of -aversian systems that !ere partially

resorbed.resorbed.

nterstitial amellaenterstitial amellae::

BoneBone

BoneBone



7uter circumferential7uter circumferential

lamellae lie next to thelamellae lie next to the

periosteum periosteum and orientedand oriented

parallel to it. parallel to it. 55

nner circumferentialnner circumferential

lamellae lie next to thelamellae lie next to the

endosteum.endosteum.

Circumferential amellaeCircumferential amellae::

BoneBone

BoneBone



*eriosteum*eriosteum %ense%ense

fibrousfibrous covering ofcovering of

bone. bone.

4ome of the coarse4ome of the coarse

collagenous fiberscollagenous fibers

extend into the bone asextend into the bone as

4harpeyAs fibers4har peyAs fibers !hich!hich

help tohelp to anchor tendonsanchor tendons

and ligaments.and ligaments.

Coverings and liningsCoverings and linings::

BoneBone

*eriosteum*eriosteum



n young gro!ing bones and in older bones after trauma,n young gro!ing bones and in older bones after trauma,

anan inner cellular (osteogenic) layer inner cellular (osteogenic) layer of the periosteum isof the periosteum is

found deep tofound deep to


the fibrousthe fibrous layer layer ..




The spindleshapedThe spindleshaped osteoprogenitor cellsosteoprogenitor cells (containing a(containing a

small amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum and asmall amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum and a

poorly developed "olgi complex) of this highly poorly developed "olgi complex) of this highlyvasculari<ed layer canvasculari<ed layer can

differentiate into osteoblastsdifferentiate into osteoblasts

that produce ne! bone.that produce ne! bone.


BoneBone



$ndosteum$ndosteum consists of consists of

a finea fine reticularreticular

connective tissueconnective tissue

containingcontaining

osteoprogenitor cellsosteoprogenitor cells

!hich may be!hich may be

transformedtransformed

intointo osteoblasts.osteoblasts.

Coverings and liningsCoverings and linings::

BoneBone



Endosteum

ining of the boneining of the bone

surface facing the marro!surface facing the marro!

and also of trabeculaeand also of trabeculae



Endosteum

$nters perforating$nters perforating

(@olman) canals(@olman) canals

Endosteum



Endosteum

Continues to coverContinues to cover

central canalscentral canals

endosteumendosteum

)oo & Ner0e S%pp+ o, )one



11/22/15 88

6er"oste''rter"es:'ccomp'n"e #+ner0es.

N%tr"ent 'rter+ 7n%tr"ent ,or'men: center o, "sph+s"s

et'ph+se' &ep"ph+se''rter"es: s%pp+

the ens o, the on(

)oo & Ner0e S%pp+ o, )one T"ss%e

)ON !ORATION



)ON !ORATIONE Osteo(enes"s-os"*'s"

1.em#r"o; ,et%s

2.Ch"hoo = '%t

$.Remoe"n(

>.!r'ct%re

)one (roth

Groth "n en(th; '"t"on o, #one m'ter"' onthe "'ph+se' s"e o, the ep"ph+se' p'te

Groth "n th"c*ness; 'ppos"t"on' (roth

11/22/15 8F

)one !orm't"on



11/22/15 8

)one !orm't"on

Intr'mem#r'no%s oss"c't"on !rom esench+me

!'t #ones o, the s*% &

m'n"#e

nochonr' oss"c't"on

!"rst c'rt"'(e moe "s ,orme& "t "s rep'ce #+ #one.

Lon( #one

Intr'mem#r'no%s oss"c't"on



11/22/15 8

O t i



11/22/15 F3

Osteogenesiscartilaginea

?'r"n('n t%'n( t"'* 'n(s%n( terD'" 'r" D'r"n('n "*'t mesen*"m- t'p" 'r" *'rt"'(o.

1. 1. 6'' temp't D'r"n('n t%'n( '*'n ter#ent%*:

mesen*"m *onro#'st

'tr"*s

*'rt"'(o Konros"t

2. Ter#ent%* per"*onr"%m$. 6ert%m#%h'n mem'nD'n( : "ntert"t"'

(roth 6ert%m#%h'n mee#'r : 'ppos"t"on'

(roth>. Konros"t h"pertro 'n 'tr"*s

ter*'s"*'s"

5. K'rt"'(o m't" r%'n( '*%n'



11/22/15 F1

8. L'*%n' "m's%*" *'p"er 'r'h- #er's''r" per"*onr"%m- mem#''

osteo(en"*- +'n( '*'n #er%#'hmenD'" osteo#'sF. 6er"*onr"%m per"oste%m. Osteo#'s men(h's"*'n m'tr" #'r%

p'' m'tr" c'rt"'("ne' +'n(men('p%r.

. TerD'"'h p%s't pen%'n('n pr"mer. In"terD'" p'' "'s"s t%'n(

13. I*%t '"r'n 'r'h- m's%* p%''h

osteo*'s- +'n( mer%s'* D'r"n('nt%'n( " "'s"s mem#ent%* ron(('s%ms%m

11. H' "n" me%'s *e 'r'h ep"ph+s"s.

12. 6er"*onr"%m menD'" per"oste%m



11/22/15 F2

Sement'r' "t% en('n c'r' +'n( s'm'- "p%s'tep"s"s terD'" D%(' p%s't pen%'n('n: centrum

ossifcationis secundarium epiphysiale

T"'* '' pem#ent%*'n ron((' s%m;s%m t%'n(

6roses pen%'n('n "n" men"n(('*'n s"s' D'r"n('n *'rt"'(o " %' temp't: 4 ,'sc"' 'rt"c%'r"s- p'' %D%n( sen". 4 "per#'t's'n ep"s"s 'n "'s"s- +'n(

"n'm'*'n c'rt"'(o ep"ph+s"'"s

6'' 'er'h ter'*h"r "n"'h '*'n terD'" ossifcatioendochondralis = pert%m#%h'n p'nD'n( t%'n(

Pertu&"u*an Pan+ang Tulang, d - d li .



11/22/15 F$

,endo-ondralis.

*'rt"'(o ep"s"s t'mp'* #e#er'p' 'er'h- sepert" t"'n(;t"'n(- #er%r%t'n 'r" 'r'h ep"ph+s"s *e "'s"s-se#'('" #er"*%t:

/ona reservata: 'er'h c''n('n se *'rt"'(o /ona proliverativa: se *'rt"'(o men(''m"

pro",er's" 7m"tos"s- ter't%r #ert%mp%* mem#ent%*t"'n( #erD'D'r

/ona *ypertrop*ica: ter"s" *onros"t m't%r +'n(mem#ent%* ,os,'t's' '*'"s. %'" t'mp'*pen('p%r'n.

/ona resor"ens: terD'" proses resor#s". C'rt"'(o

+'n( men('p%r *'rt"'(o m't" ",'(os"t

A"r'n 'r'h 'r" enochonr"%m mem#'' seosteo(en"* +'n( #er%#'h menD'" osteo#'stoc+t%s



11/22/15 F>

osteo(en"*- +'n( #er%#'h menD'" osteo#'stoc+t%s.Osteo#'s mem#ent%* m'tr"*s- A"r'n 'r'h D%('

mem#'' ('r'm;('r'm. TerD'"'h pen('p%r'nmen(('nt"*'n pen('p%r'n 'r" *'rt"'(o ter#ent%*'hpem'nD'n('n "'s"s

Um%r 1;23 t'h%n *onros"t #erhent" m"tos"s.

0"&eop'+#'c*J>.!LK



OSI!IKASI

• Osteo#'s mem#ent%* 0es"*%'m'tr"*s t"n((" *'s"%m

• K's"%m m's%* men'm#'h pe*'t &

ter#ent%* *'s"%m h"ro*s" 'p't"t e*sos"tos"s

• n<"m "ep's*'n mem#e#'s*'n

,os,'t

• A"r "s"n(*"r*'n

11/22/15 F5

!orm"n( o, Osteon s+stem



!orm"n( o, Osteon s+stem

11/22/15 F8

)one Remoe"n(



11/22/15 FF

)one remoe"n( "s the on(o"n( rep'cement o,

o #one t"ss%e #+ ne #one t"ss%e. It "n0o0es the #one resorpt"on- the remo0' o,

m"ner's 'n co'(en #+ osteoc'sts &

the epos"t"on o, m"ner's & co'(ens #+

osteo#'sts.

The rene' r'te ,or comp'ct #one "s >9 /+e'r &,or spon(+ #one t"ss%e "s 239 /+e'r

Ch" : epos"t"on o%n( : s'me

"e '(e omen : ecre'se

(

RO@LLING



RO@LLING!'*tor ,'*tor +'n( mempen('r%h" :

•

Hormon – Hormon p'r't"ro" osteo*'s *'s"%m 'r'h

men"n(*'t & Se#'"*n+' *'s"ton"n

– Hormon pert%m#%h'n som'totrop"n & t"ro"

– Testosteron & estro(en• "ner' : *'s"%m

• "t'm"n

– @ : mem#'nt% pen+er'p'n *'s"%m

– "t'm"n C : mem#'nt% men+%s%n *o'(en

• L't"h'n 't'% o'h r'(' men"n(*'t*'n epos"s"t%'n(

11/22/15 F

6N)UHAN !RAKTUR



6N)UHAN !RAKTUR• 6em#ent%*'n hem'tom'

– 6em#%%h 'r'h pec'h se se m't"- terD'"#e*%'n 'r'h

– Se ,'(os"t & osteo*'s mem,'(os"t se m't" 'ne#r"s

• !orm's" #ro*'rt"'(o

– !"#ro#'s p'' per"oste%m men(h's"*'n *o'(en

– Se stem *onro#'s #ro*'rt"'(o

• !orm's" t%'n(

–

@" 'er'h en('n 0's*%'r"s's" #'"* : seosteopro(en"tor osteo#'s spo(n+ #one

– !"#roc'rt"'(o spon(+ #one

• Remoe"n(

11/22/15 F



11/22/15 3



11/22/15 1

A("n( & )one T"ss%e



11/22/15 2

To pr"nc"p' eMects o, '("n(

Loss o, #one m'ss: res%ts ,romem"ner'"<'t"on 7oss o, c'c"%m

)r"tteness: res%ts ,rom ecre'se r'te

o, prote"n s+nthes"s 7co'(en

S%cept"#e to ,r'ct%re

@e,orm"t+- p'"n-

Te't"oo- Readings1



Te't"oo- Readings1

• C*apter # and 2C*apter # and 2

#escher, unDueiraEs Basic -istology, 12th#escher, unDueiraEs Basic -istology, 12th

ed., #c"ra!-ill 2//;.ed., #c"ra!-ill 2//;.

Tortor'- G.?.- @err"c*son- ).- 2311.Prinsiples o Anatomy and

Physiology . 1$th e. ?ohn"e+&Sons- Inc.

Kartilago & Tulang Dna

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