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KANDHARIYA MAHADEV TEMPLE LOCATION- Khajuraho, MP BUILT-1030AD part of khajuraho group of monuments
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Kandhariya mahadev temple

Apr 13, 2017

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Page 1: Kandhariya mahadev temple

KANDHARIYA MAHADEV TEMPLE

LOCATION-Khajuraho, MPBUILT-1030AD part of khajuraho group of monuments

Page 2: Kandhariya mahadev temple

KHAJURAHO GROUP OF MONUMENTS

•Khajuraho is one of the four holy sites linked to deity Shiva (the other three are Kedarnath, Kashi and Gaya). •Group of Hindu and jain temples•Famous for Nagara style and their erotic sculptures•Had 85 temples by 12th century spread over 20kms,only 20 survived over 6kms•Divided into 3 geographical divisions: western, eastern and southern•Follow HINDU SYMBOLIC MANDALA DESIGN principle of squares and circles

Page 3: Kandhariya mahadev temple

HISTORY

Built between 950-1050 CE by CHANDELA DYNASTY

The building activity started almost immediately after the rise of their power, throughout their kingdom

Most temples were built during the reigns of the Hindu kings Yashovarman and Dhanga

Page 4: Kandhariya mahadev temple

ARCHITECTURAL FEATURS All temples except one face sunrise Follow geometrical design VASTU-PURUSHA-MANDALA 3 important components VASTU-dwelling structure PURUSHA-universal essence at the core of

Hindu tradition MANDALA -circle symmetrically, concentrically layered, self repeating

structure around the core of the temple called garbhagriha, where abstract principle purusha and the principle deity of the temple dwell

Shikhara rise above the garbhagriha

Page 5: Kandhariya mahadev temple

KANDHARIYA MAHADEV TEMPLE

HISTORY

The temple is said to have been built by Vidhyadhara of the Chandela dynasty.

Vidhyadhara, was a powerful ruler who fought Muhammad of Ghazni in 1019. Ghazni had to return back

Ghazni again waged war against Vidhyadhara in 1022, attacked the fort of kalinjar and was unsuccessful.

It was lifted and Ghazni and Vidhyadhara called a truce and parted by exchanging gifts.

Vidhyadhara celebrated his success over Ghazni and other rulers by building the Kaṇḍāriyā Mahādeva Temple, dedicated to his family deity Shiva.

Page 6: Kandhariya mahadev temple

FEATURES

Situated in western group Largest among 3 temples i.e.

Mantangheswara Vishwanath kandhariya Use of 64 pada grid systems Famous for carvings,sculpture and erotic art

Page 7: Kandhariya mahadev temple
Page 8: Kandhariya mahadev temple

PLAN OF TEMPLE

Page 9: Kandhariya mahadev temple

STRUCTURE

•Built over a plan of - 102ft (31m) length 67ft (20m)width 102ft (31m)height•MASSIVE PLINTH -4m (13ft) height • steep steps with high rise lead from ground level to the entrance •At ENTRANCE-torana a very intricately carved from single stone •Highly decorated ROOF rise in a grand form terminating in the shikhara with 84 miniature spire

Page 10: Kandhariya mahadev temple

In the interior space from the entrance there are three MANDAPAS or halls, which successively rise in height and width, which is inclusive of a small chamber dedicated to Shiva, a chamber where Shiva's wife, Parvati is deified

central sanctum or GARBHAGRIHA where the Shiva linga is deified.

The sanctum sanctorum is surrounded by interlinked passages which also have side and front balconies

Due to inadequate natural light in the balconies the sanctum has very little light thus creating a "cave like atmosphere“, in total contrast to the external parts of the temple.

Page 11: Kandhariya mahadev temple

8x8 (64) Vastupurusamandala Manduka grid layout plan.

Above the temple’s brahma padas is a SHIKHARA(Vimana or Spire) that rises symmetrically above the central core, typically in a circles and turning-squares concentric layering design (right) that flows from one to the other as it rises towards the sky.

The pillars, walls and ceilings around the space, as well as outside have highly ornate carvings or images of the four just and necessary pursuits of life - kama, artha, dharma and moksa. This clockwise walk around is called PRADAKSHINA.

Page 12: Kandhariya mahadev temple

CARVINGS In the interior halls of the temple and on its exterior faces there are

elaborately carved sculptures of gods and goddesses, musicians and apsaras or nymphs

The huge pillars of the halls have architectural features of the "vine or scroll motif".

In the corners of the halls there are insets which are carved on the surface with incised patterns.

There is a main tower above the sanctum and there are two other towers above the other mantapas also in the shape of "semi-rounded, stepped, pyramidal form with progressively greater height".

The main tower is encircled by a series of interlinked towers and spires of smaller size.

These are in the form of a repeated subset of miniature spires that abut a central core which gives the temple an unevenly cut contour similar to the shape of a mountain range of mount Kailasa of the Himalayas where god Shiva resides.

Page 13: Kandhariya mahadev temple

SCULPTURES Decorated with huge

amount of stone sculpture, depicting matters of everyday life as well as animal and humans

10% of sculptures account for erotic art rest is god ,goddesses and animals

Estimated to have 870 large sculptures on its exterior and interior walls,each on about 1m high

Page 14: Kandhariya mahadev temple

CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS Made of sandstone with granite

foundation almost concealed from view

No use of mortar stone putt together with mortise and tenon and held by gravity

Columns and architraves built with megaliths weighs up to 20 tons

Page 15: Kandhariya mahadev temple

DECLINE Central Indian region, where Khajuraho temples are,

remained in the control of many different Muslim dynasties from 13th century through the 18th century.

In this period, some temples were desecrated, followed by a long period when they were left in neglect.

In 1495 CE, for example, Sikandar Lodi’s campaign of temple destruction included Khajuraho.

The remoteness and isolation of Khajuraho protected the Hindu and Jain temples from continued destruction by Muslims. Over the centuries, vegetation and forests overgrew, took over the temples.

Page 16: Kandhariya mahadev temple

PRESENTED BY- RASHI JAIN(2) SHIVANI DAAD SNEHA SHARMA VARTIKA AGARWAL(39) YASHIKA AGARWAL(45) VIDHUSHI METHWANI