1. Kajian Ilmiah REDD+ MRV : Konteks Global dan Relevansinya
dengan Kegiatan Demonstrasi REDD+ di Indonesia Temu Pihak Terkait
Pengembangan Kolaborasi Inventarisasi Hutan untuk Pendugaan Karbon
Hutan di Propinsi Kalimantan Tengah Palangkaraya, November 2014
Arief Wijaya Center For International Forestry Research (CIFOR) 2.
Outline Gambaran umum FREL/FRL Update terkini dari diskusi FREL/FRL
internasional Skema pendanaan REDD+ non-UNFCCC Perbandingan dengan
negara/sub-national region lainnya Lesson learnt untuk REDD+ MRV
Kalimantan Tengah 3. Gambaran Umum FREL/FRL Sampai saat ini sudah
ada 4 keputusan COP terkait dengan FREL/FRL RED+, terkait dengan 1)
modalities dan petunjuk untuk penyusunan FREL/FRL, and 2) evaluasi
teknis terhadap dokumen FREL/FRL Negara yang akan melaksanakan
REDD+ activities harus memiliki: National strategy action plan
National forest reference emission level and/or forest reference
level sub national as interim Robust and transparent forest
monitoring system System for providing information on how the
safeguards are being addressed and respected. 4. COP decisions
providing details on REDD+ FREL/FRLs Be expressed in tonnes of
carbon dioxide equivalent per year Maintain consistency with
national GHG inventories Be established transparency, providing
information and rationale FREL/FRL development Allow for a stepwise
approach Allow for the use of subnational FREL/FRLs as an interim
measure 5. Stepwise approach for FREL/FRLs (Herold, et.al, 2011) 6.
Higher tier approaches for REL development Retain predictive power
of historical trend data and move to more driver-based assessment
and predictions Include data-driver reasoning for deviations from
historical trend (i.e. national circumstances) Higher tiers use
national data: Deforestation and emissions and understanding of
historical processes using data on drivers and activities causing
forest carbon stocks change Establish relationship with underlying
causes (proxies) Justification why and how deforestation varies
from historical trend on the level of drivers and activities 7.
Note on FREL/FRL terminology In UNFCCC COP decisions the term
forest reference emission levels and/or forest reference levels
(FREL/FRLs) is used. The most common understanding is that a FREL
includes only emissions from deforestation and degradation FRL
includes both emissions by sources and removals by sink, thus it
includes also enhancement of forest carbon stocks. 8. FREL/FRL
terminology National FREL submission document used the combined
estimates 9. REDD+ Financing Mechanism The most common reason for
developing a REDD+ FREL/FRL is to access international finance
linked to positive performance (or results) from implementing REDD+
actions There is currently no operational financing mechanism under
the UNFCCC that provides payments for REDD+ results The COP has
agreed to a number of requirements that could assist in the
operationalization of such a mechanism Green Climate Fund (GCF)
(decision 1/CP.16) to support projects, programs, policies and
other activities in developing country Parties 10. REDD+ Financing
Mechanism Specific programs focus on finance for results-based
REDD+ actions: World Bank Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF)
Carbon Fund REDD+ Early Movers (REM) German government The
BioCarbon Funds Initiative for Sustainable Forest Landscapes (ISFL)
11. Comparison of Financing Mechanisms 12. National/Significant
Biomes Sub National/Project Deforestation and degradation are
always mentioned 10 yrs (max 15 yrs) 8-12 yrs, 3 points At least
Tier 2 13. Norwegian Initiatives to Combat Climate Change - NICFI
Norway pays developing countries to reduce emissions and not to
watch their forests Norway agreement respects on national
circumstances and sovereignty They care on the processes and the
outcomes CO2 emissions reduction target Inclusiveness principles
14. Forest carbon emissions equation 15. Implications to national
carbon emissions estimate (Indonesia) how about Kalteng? Source
Annual CO2 Emission from deforestation 2000 - 2009/2012 (in Gt
CO2e)* Methods Remarks FAOStat 0.35 FRA country report (EF = 138
ton C/ha) Net forest conversion MoE - Second National Communication
to UNFCCC 0.83 IPCC Guidelines 2006 Net forest conversion Winrock
International (Harris, 2012) 0.39 Carbon Bookkeeping model (RS +
Field) Gross deforestation MOF (official) 0.81 Approach 3 + average
national emission (Tier 1 or 2) Gross deforestation MOF + Saatchi
(CIFOR) 0.20 Approach 3 + Global EF (Tier 1 or 2) Net forest
conversion National FREL document 0.21 Approach 3 + NFI data (Tier
2) Gross deforestation * does not include peat emissions and peat
fire 16. Lesson learned from CIFOR Global Comparative Study on
REDD+ Project Countries should start as soon as possible for
estimating their national REL/RL based on the best available data
(tier 1 estimate) If we have less data the more we depend on those
data Countries should invest for collecting national datasets (i.e.
time series forest cover change and local emissions factor data)
Estimate on carbon stocks change at national/sub- national/project
scale should comply with the convention (i.e. IPCC guidelines) 17.
Lesson learned from CIFOR Global Comparative Study on REDD+ Project
Participation of local people is important to significantly reduce
risks of REDD+ and to improve credibility of national climate
change mitigation programs Source: Indonesian REDD+ Agency 18.
Study on REDD+ incentives Emissions reductions that can claim for
REDD+ financial incentives should be additional of those resulted
from national climate change mitigation program (i.e. based on self
financed/national efforts) Differentiate between REL as business as
usual (BAU) and crediting baseline (or financial incentive
benchmark) Source: redd-net.org 19. Study on REDD+ incentives
Emissions reduction that can claim REDD+ incentives should be
additional of those of national climate change mitigation program
(based on self financed/national efforts) Carbon emissions
reduction should be estimated following Tier 2 approach Trade off
between climate change mitigation and national economic development
sectors is the main challenge to engage in phase 3 of REDD+
implementation (i.e. results-based payment at national scale) Phase
1 and 2 funding of REDD+ project established at subnational/project
levels can be financed through non-market mechanism (e.g.
international donors, project based, etc) Phase 3 REDD+ project
should be ideally financed through market based mechanism 20. Four
Decades of Forests Persistence, clearance and logging in Borneo
(1973-2010) Source: Gaveau, et.al (2014) 76% of forest cover (1973)
46% of forest cover (2010) http://gislab.cifor.cgiar.org/wm/borneo/
21. CIFOR Study (Subset of Borneo-wide Data 1973 2010) Class labels
Area (Mha) Intact Forest 2010 4.12 Logged Forest 2010 4.04
Deforestation from 1973 to 2010 3.86 Non-Forest 1973 2.97 Clouds
0.26 Total 15.24 Courtesy: David Gaveau (CIFOR)