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K TO 12 GRADE 7 LEARNING MODULE IN ARTS

Apr 21, 2017

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NEW MEDIA

From the hand-beaten copper-

plate unearthed in Lumban,

Laguna to the earliest printed

book in the Philippines using

woodblocks up to

technologically-advanced

printers nowadays, printmakiand

printing in the Philippines has

gone a very long way since

1593.

Overview You have learned that print-making was already prac-ticed in the Philippines since the olden times. This prac-tice served as prelude to our printing today. Your un-derstanding on various techniques and processes will help you make your own print and make new prod-ucts and designs using new media. In this module, you will learn how technology changed the perception of the Filipinos in making art and how art was made available to every-body using new media. You will further understand the role of photocopying ma-chines, computers and scan-ners, video cameras and the internet in making art prints and other printed works. You are enjoined to discover your artistic gift using the available technology. Have fun!

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At the end of this module, you are ex-pected to:

understand the role of technology and new media in printmaking.

create posters for special occasions

research on new duplicating techniques available in the locality; and

use new media to create a story as a reaction to current events.

In this module, you will apply your knowledge and understanding in the use of various art elements and principles of design as applied in print-making. You will also understand the message and meaning created by art elements and designs when they are combined with technology.

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New media refers to tools, device or equipment that abandons the traditional practice of making something in the past such as digital cameras in favor of instamatic cameras; photocopying machines in favor of manual copying, and many more. Technology refers to the advances as resulted by the application science principles, concepts and discoveries. Softcopy refer to digitized formats or layouts of artworks, documents, and designs that are ready for printing.

You may have some of the following in your school or community:

Computers and printers

Internet connections

Photocopying machines (Xerox)

Duplicating machines (Risographs)

Digital camera or video camera

Scanner

Paper for printing

Stencil and frame

Squeegee

Textile paint

Additional gadgets such as SD Read-er and software for video editing, file con-verters, etc.

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These are some of the available Printing technology in the country. Tell some-thing about them.

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Technological advancements paved the way to mass production of printed materials in the Philippines. From simple woodcut and lithograph printing during the Spanish colonization, printing of materials for schools, offices, and establishments become easier and readily available. The production of art becomes simple also and easy due to the advent of photography, digital imaging, photocopying, and scanning. Statistics shows that worldwide information doubles every year because of the advances in technology unlike the rate of production of arts, texts, and other documents during the medieval times. This is particularly true in the Philippines where the demand for printed copies is increasing.

Printing is both an art and industry. As an art, it requires creative expression using

the available media arts, tools, and equipment to produce printed copies of books, flyers, brochures, magazines, billboards, posters, and the likes. As an industry, it will need artists that are skilled and knowledgeable in the effective use of art elements, principles of designs, and domains of the art - production, appreciation, history, and criticism. Graphic artists, web page designers, cartoonists, illustrators, designers, and animators are needed to make visually-pleasing and persuasive digital layouts and formats that are essential in making printed copies for business. Printing is a fast growing industry and the competition is rapidly changing as new breed of artists discover new media and uti-lize varied ways to meet the demands of the business world. This will pose great chal-lenges to a 21st century would-be artists like you.

Can you name objects around you that are made possible through printing? Tell

something about them.

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Printing in the Philippines Today

Technology changed the way Filipinos view and express art. Because of readily available materials and new media, production of art shifted from traditional way to dig-itized lay outing and formatting of images to create visually-persuasive art pieces that range from simple gift tags to huge tarpaulin prints for billboards and signage along the major thoroughfares around the country.

Below are some of the printing devices and equipments available in the

Philippines today. These printing equipments and devices are important in making, duplicating, and creating copies of art in the easiest way. Unlike the copies made through printmaking, printing copies are duplicates from the original.

Pre-Printing Devices

Pre-printing devices are used to capture images or photos such as digital

cameras, memory storage devices such as compact discs and flash disks, compact discs, camera phones, tablets, ipods, scanners, and similar equipment. These are devices that are used to take pictures or images and store them for future use. Lay outing and Formatting Devices

Computer is the most popular device in the country today in making lay outs and formats for printing. Software, programs, applications are needed to enhance and enable lay outing and formatting of images to create designs for printing. The use of computer also made the use of texts and images in graphics and digital designs easy and more enjoyable.. AutoCad for example made interior designs and architectural designs easy and enjoyable for computer literate persons to create

Final Output Devices

These are devices that are used to make printed copies, such as printers that are directly connected to computers, risograph, photocopier, and other duplicating ma-chines. Printers, regardless of type, remain the most popular device to make a sample or final output that can be used for making duplicates. Special printers are also availa-ble for making large formats such as tarpaulin printing used for billboards and sign-age. Specialized printers are also used in making souvenir items such as cups, t-shirts, and mugs. In making large quantities of prints in the case of printing presses, offset printers and color separation printers are being used.

These are among the devices and equipment used by modern artists and even

by ordinary people like you who want to maximize the use of technology for creative and enjoyable activities or for engaging in a profitable business venture.

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PERSONALIZED COMPUTER-BASED ART PROJECT

Promising art-related careers nowadays use computer-based methods.. The use of technol-ogy in making art gained popularity because of business, mass media, and the advent of inter-net. Students who are knowledgeable in making use of technology to make art projects have an advantage over others. Computer-based art projects are easy to prepare because of so many visual materials available around or through the internet. In this activity, you will make a personalized computer-based art project - a saucer, plate, mug or tumbler for display purposes. What To Do? 1. Using your digital camera or camera phone,

take a picture that you want to use in your personalized computer-based art project. If camera is not available, you can choose pic-tures or images from the internet or you may draw a design of your choice.

2. Upload the pictures into your computer using a memory card or SD car reader. If you took pictures from the internet, just download it and save into your computer. When drawing your own design, scan the image and save it into your computer.

3. At the Start Menu of your computer, select the MS Publisher and create a new publication. It is the simplest way of make your project. Adobe Photoshop can also be used if your are familiar with it.

4. Make a design or a layout for your computer-based art project. When done lay outing, print it using a sticker paper.

5. Cut your design and paste it evenly on your chosen object. Display your artwork.

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To complete this project, you will need to check the availability of the following: Digital camera or camera phone Photos and images Computer Printer Scanners Memory card or SD card reader MS Publisher or similar programs

in the computer Aside from the said requirements, you will need the following: Sticker paper Plain colored saucer or plate, mug

or tumblers Cutter/scissors

IMPORTANT To minimize cost, this project can be performed in groups of 5 to 10 students.

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Describe the following artifacts and early attempts to make readable documents.

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Describe the following machines and early attempts to make readable papers and documents.

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The early attempts of the Filipinos to communicate with other people using a writ-

ten language can be learned from the fragments of pre-Hispanic artifacts. The only writ-ten record in the Philippines with a date on it is the Laguna Copperplate Inscription that dates back to 850 CE.

Another attempt to produce records that can be read by other people is the an-

cient script with various names around the archipelago. In the Tagalog region, it is called baybayin, kulitan in Kapangpangan, and surat in the Visayas, The Hanunuo Mangyans of Mindoro and the Buhids retained their ancient script that are similar to the baybayin of the Tagalogs.

The early printed books appeared during the Spanish times, as discussed in the

earlier modules. For centuries, printing of books in the Philippines were controlled by fri-ars and the government although some printers were able to make copies of novenari-os, pamphlets, and other reading materials using lithography and woodblock printing.

Activity 2 will help you discover what happened in the Philippines for the past 400

years from the coming of the Spaniards up to the present time.

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In this activity, you will need the following: Reference materials from your

school library or from the internet Photos of sample prints Computer and printer (printed out-

put) Flash disks/digital storage devices

(for soft copy output)

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Printing and printmaking in the Philippines today is quite different from the past. As an art, printmaking gained popularity in the Philippines only in the 1960s and 1970s. Printing as means of creating cheap and readily available or instant cop-ies of artworks and other printed materials gained support from the general public and the corporate world. Make a report about the evolution of printmaking and printing in the country. Mention its brief history, artists involved and sample works. Your report can be sub-mitted in a soft copy form (in a flash drive or a data compact disc) or in hard copy for-mat (printed). You can also make a Power-Point Presentation and submit your soft copy or printed format depending on your teacher. Procedures:

1. Utilize your library resources first for your report. If materials are not avail-able in your library, you can check the internet for more information.

2. Write your report using a timeline pattern to show chronology in the evolution of printmaking in the country.

3. If you can make a PowerPoint presentation, use more visuals and brief text descriptions.

4. Ask your teacher how you will sub-mit the report – either soft copy in a flash drive, CD or through the inter-net; and in printed form.

If computer and printer are not available in your area, you can still make your re-port in a handwritten format. Visuals can be supplied also using cut photos from periodicals, magazines or any available

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Printing using new media gained recognition in the Philippines. It is evident with the widespread use of printing technology all over the country to make prints, copies, and duplicates of books, art works, magazines, and other reading materials. The use of different printing technology available helped in the evolution of new forms of arts.

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Links and Photo Credits

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1. http://nickledimepenny.blogspot.com/2010/03/la-solidaridad.html 2. http://cabanatuancity.olx.com.ph/xerox-machine-for-sale-iid-79511156 3. http://www.starburstprinting.com/traditional-offset.php# 4. http://digitals-printing.blogspot.com/2009/09/printing-press-heidelberg-kord-64.html 5. http://brandasrazvan.blogspot.com/2010/11/risograph-printers.html 6. http://www.build-your-own-computer.net/computer-output-devices.html

Page 142 1. http://www.tooft.com/buying-digital-camera/ 2. http://www.kenrockwell.com/epson/4990.htm 3. http://www.toptechreviews.net/tech-tips/buying-a-desktop/ Page 143 and 145 Designs made by J. S. Jimenez using photos taken by Rosel Valenzuela Page 147 1. http://cabanatuancity.olx.com.ph/xerox-machine-for-sale-iid-79511156 2. http://www.starburstprinting.com/traditional-offset.php# 3. http://digitals-printing.blogspot.com/2009/09/printing-press-heidelberg-kord-64.html 4. http://brandasrazvan.blogspot.com/2010/11/risograph-printers.html 5. http://www.build-your-own-computer.net/computer-output-devices.html Page 148 1. http://thebulwaganfoundation.wordpress.com/2010/09/01/the-kingdom-of-butuan/ 2. http://ustpublishinghouse.wordpress.com/browse-books/all-subjects/language/

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SCULPTURE

Overview In the previous modules, you were already introduced to different art elements and design principles as manifested from different Philippine arts – from simple basket and mat weaving of different indigenous and cultural communities to the highly sophisticated textile weaving from Northern to Southern Philippines. You are also familiar with the Angono petroglyphs, the Laguna copperplate inscriptions,. In this module, you will understand how Philippine sculpture evolved from its simplest form as manifested in clay potteries of Maitum, the Manunggul jar, the bul-ol, and the pre-historic Angono cave art to the highly-Christianized period of Chinese artisans in Manila and the Paete woodcarvers in Laguna and the western-inspired, modern era of sculptors Napoleon Abueva, Guillermo Tolentino, Ed Castrillo, and Jun Yee among others. You will also experience how to create your own sculpture and make an assemblage from available and seemingly useless trash and discards.

Monument of San Lorenzo Ruiz de Manila - the first

Filipino saint, seen in Binondo Plaza, Manila.

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At the end of this module, you are ex-pected to:

understand that sculpture was already a form of art since pre-historic Philippines.

review the evolution of sculpture in the different parts of the Phil.

analyze the unique forms, materials, colors, and uses of sculpture in the Philippine culture.

identify unique crafts from different parts of the country

record steps and procedures in making unique sculpture from the locality

interview local craftsmen in the community

create an assemblage from trash and discards

make a sculpture using available materials (e.g. soap, wood, and clay), and

identify the unique style and materials used by Filipino sculptors found in the locality.

In this module, you will apply your knowledge and understanding in the use of various art elements and principles of design in three-dimensional form. You will also understand the message and meaning created by art elements and designs when combined in a particu-lar work by a sculptor.

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Bas relief refers to a form of sculpture carved from a block of wood or stone which can either be highly delineated (high relief) or only slightly Protruding or delineated (low relief). Cosmology refers to the belief system of a particular culture regarding divinity and their role in the life of a community or person.

You may need to have the following in your school or community :

clay

soft wood or its substitute

chisel or any substitute

wooden hammer

spray paints or regular paint.

Junk material (trash and discards)

saw and other cutting instruments

plywood

adhesive materials

hooks

soldering iron

lead wire

metal wires

pliers

carving knife

fruits and vegetables

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These are some of the early forms of sculpture in the Philippines. Can you name them?

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Can you identify these early forms of sculpture? Where are they found?

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Sculpture played an important role in the lives of the early Filipinos. It is evident with the appearance of a low relief engraving of human and animal figures seen in a cave in Angono, Rizal (3000 BCE) which is believed to be the oldest known art work in the Philippines and a highly significant cultural landmark in the country. It is the early attempt of the Filipinos to draw and record things around him. It is said that the tur-tles or pawikan shown in the rock arts of the ear-ly Filipinos symbolized honor and prestige as de-fined in the Vocabulario de la lengua tagala writ-ten by Father Pedro de San Buenaventura with the help of Filipino printers – Tomas Pinpin and Domingo Loag.

In a burial site in Calatagan, Batangas,

archaeological diggings recovered a stone figure made from brain corals called likha palapat. This is an early sample of stone carving in the country using crude materials.

As civilization progressed, the use of clay

as an important medium in pottery became so popular that in many parts of the country, doz-ens of artifacts have been recovered. These arti-facts are usually decorated with flora and fauna motif but what makes ancient pottery interesting is the presence of anthropomorphic figures such as those that are found in Leta-Leta Cave, Langen Island, Palawan. The effigy jar features a neck and lip of a yawning man. The Manunggul jar, a secondary burial jar found in Palawan also features on its lid a boat with two men rowing which may show that the ancients are masters of the sea and that in the Filipino cosmology, it is believed that the dead follows a long journey to other world after completing his life on earth. The boatmen on the lid of Manunggul jar are be-lieved to be the souls of the dead traveling to other world.

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In the jungle mountain of Pinol, Maitum in Sarangani, remains of anthropomorphic burial jars have been discovered in Ayub Cave by a team of experts from National Museum in the late 20

th century. The burial

jars’ unique feature is the intricately carved head figures on the jar cover that are be-lieved to be the image of the deceased. Other features of the jar cover are the use of red coloring around the neck and black ink as eyebrows. Hundreds of pieces of the broken jars are now on permanent display at the Na-tional Museum.

In the mountain region of the

Cordilleras, woodcarving is an important art for it plays a significant role in their belief system. The bul-ol is a wooden figure of a god that serves as guardian to rice granaries and pathways. It is believed that this seated figure will drive away evil and keep the owner away from bad luck and bring good harvest.

On the other hand, the Muslim people

in Mindanao, particularly the Maranaos carve the image of sarimanok, a mythical bird in the Darangen and similar to the garuda bird in Indonesian mythology. This figure is said to be a status symbol in the communi-ty. The art of sculpture is also popular among the Maranaos as evident in their okir de-signs in the torogan, panulong, and their mu-sical instruments.

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Leta-leta jar

Maitum jar

Bul-ol Sarimanok

Manunggul

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Making Your Fruit and Vegetable Sarimanok Sarimanok is a traditional Maranao design based on okir design. This mythical bird with a fish in its beak, symbolizes power and social status. Procedure:

1. Prepare your materials. Use your knife, to cut the vegetables according to the shape needed for the project.

2. Peel the vegetables which will form the parts of the body of the figure. 3. Carve the body of the bird and also the the feet and legs to make the bird a free- standing figure. Join the pieces using thin bamboo sticks or tooth picks. 4. Prepare the neck and cut it at least 3 inches long and carve it according to the shape of the sarimanok neck. Attach it to the body using a tooth pick. 5. Work on the head and beak of the bird and use a soft vegetable for the crown. . 6. You can work on the tail of the bird using thin strips of vegetables. Bind the strips together using the aspili or pin and attach it to the body. 7. Prepare the wings of sarimanok using vegetable that are solid like tubers. Cut into half then slice into desired thick ness. Use aspili to binds strips together 8. You are almost complete. Now, work on the fish held by the bird in its beak. Use a thin strip of hard vegetable and attach it to the beak of your sarimanok using thread. You have now a fruit and vegetable sarimanok.

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Materials:

Several pieces of hard vegetable for beak, wings, and tail A big roundish vegetable like singkamas leafy vegetable like lettuce a medium-sized soft fruit (or any substitute) bamboo tooth pick pins (aspili) sewing thread carving Instrument (or knife) picture of a sarimanok

Caution: Carving instruments must be used under the supervision of your teacher or an adult. Always observe safety at work.

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Samples of Fruit and Vegetable Sculptures that may awaken your apetite!

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In this activity, you will need the following: Picture of bul-ol Soft wood (preferably acacia) Cutting instruments Chisel Wooden Hammer Marking pen Sanding paper for wood Varnish (maple brown)

MODULE 7 GRADE 7 ART LEARNING GUIDE

Make your Own Bul-ol

Procedures: 1. Prepare your materials and your

working area. Make sure that it is well-lighted and free from clutter..

2. Cut the softwood or any similar ma-terial into a desired length or

preferably at least one foot high. 1. Using the marking pen, draw the

outlines of the bul-ol in the wood before working on it.

2. Using a chisel and a wooden hammer, carefully carve the excess wood around the outlines.

3. When chiseling is finished, polish the wood using a sand paper especially made for wood.

4. Apply varnish to your bul-ol and let it dry.

Caution: Carving instruments must be used under the supervision of your teacher or an adult. Always observe safety at work.

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Can you name the santos presented above? How do they represent the religiosity of your community? Do you think that the Spaniards refined our practice in making sculp-ture? Why?

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The arrival of Spain in 1521 prompted the shift from indigenous techniques of woodcarving to a more sophisti-cated carving of santos using a variety of media such as wood, stone, and ivory. The Spaniards found that sculpture in the Philippines was less developed than the sculpture in India, Java, China, or Sumatra.

By the end of the 16

th century, the establishment of

Academy of Arts and Sciences by the Augustinians made significant imprints in the Filipinos’ taste for sculpture. Our sculpture was severely hieratic, almost archaic and Byz-antine in style in order to conform to the Christian ideals. The Chinese were the first artisans employed by the Span-iards outside of Manila to carve santos for the Catholic Church. These santos were used to adorn churches and homes of the well-to-do families in the lowland areas. It is said that the carving of santos evolved from the pre-historic belief of the Filipinos in their ancestors that the spirits of the deceased continue to influence the lives of the living. The practice of making altars at home for santos was similar to the ancestor worship before the coming of the Spaniards. Santos are also called poon which was a clear indication that the ancient beliefs remained despite of the persecution of the Catholic church. The santos of the Filipinos were characterized by its simplicity of form and expressiveness.

Paete in Laguna is known for its fine artisans work-

ing on a variety of biblical subjects such as the creation, the crucifixion, the life of saints, the Virgin Mary, and many others.

Another form of sculpture during the Spanish coloni-

zation was the retablo or the church altars that are in high relief. Beautiful retablos are found in some of the old churches in the Philippines such as San Agustin Church in Intramuros, one of the churches in the Baroque style in the Philippines. Another is the St. Michael de Archangel Minor Basilica in Tayabas, Quezon and the Taal Basilica. Old churches are of great significance in towns and prov-inces and are found throughout the Philippines.

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Michael the Archangel

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Minor Basilica of St. Michael the Archangel, Tayabas, Quezon

Pakil Church in Laguna

CHURCH RETABLOS OR ALTARS

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Share your experiences and dis-coveries to your classmates. Identify the styles utilized by the artists in their works.

Your inventory is important in the promotion of our culture as well as in preserving our heritage.

MODULE 7 GRADE 7 ART LEARNING GUIDE

Making an Inventory of Sculptural Works at Home, School, and the Community

You have learned different examples of sculpture. Sculptures are forms of art that are in three-dimension. It usually occu-pies space and is free standing. It can be a figure of man, plants, animals, events or in the case of abstract art, a sculpture can represent emotions, expressions and ideas.

Your task is to make an inventory of

sculptural works at home, in school, and in the community. These works may have been around you for a long time but you failed to take notice of their significance. Find out the story that they want to tell you. You can do this alone or work with your friends. Don’t forget to include pictures of the work or if you are good in drawing, draw it as exactly as possible. Use the ta-ble below.

PLACE/LOCATION

MATERIAL STYLE ARTIST HISTORY/SIGNIFICANCE

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Remember: You will probably interview a busy person. As a sign of courtesy, see to it that you ask for an appointment with him/her. Come on time. Prepare an interview schedule to get the most important information that you want. Ask the assistance of your teacher in preparing your interview schedule. An interview schedule is a set of questions that will guide you in the interview. Always observe tact and manner. Say thank upon leaving and express your desire to be with him/her some other time.

MODULE 7 GRADE 7 ART LEARNING GUIDE

Interviewing a Local Artist/Craftsman

This task is a group task. Conduct an interview with a local artist or craftsmen. Indicate what subjects he or she loves to work on, such as religious icons, figurines, pottery, sceneries, and biblical themes.

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Can you identify the works above? These are works of well-known Filipino sculptors. Tell something about them.

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Several artists emerged during the American period as a result of the abolition of Catholicism as a state religion. It paved the way to more liberal themes and subjects in sculpture. Art movements in the west influenced our Filipino artists and as a response, they developed their own style in conformity to the international standards.

Philippine sculptures during the American period, were often symbolic and rep-

resented events in Philippine history like the UP Oblation, the Pieta, Cry of Balintawak, Bonifacio Shrine near Manila City Hall, Bonifacio Monument in Caloocan, Gomburza monument in front of the National Museum, People Power Monument along EDSA, Our Lady of Peace, also in EDSA, the Palo, Leyte Landing in Leyte, and many more.

A variety of media has been used by artists to express their art in addition to

wood and stone such as fiber glass, plastic, stainless steel, aluminum, and bronze. More creative and revolutionary artists used junk material and organic materials to make art-works.

Some of the notable artists during the American period and in the modern period

are Napoleon Abueva, Guillermo Tolentino, Ed Castrillo, Jun Yee, Abdul Mari Imao, and many others who made significant contributions in the development of new styles, forms, and expressions.

170

Ed Castrillo Napoleon Abueva Guillermo Tolentino

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Any type of junk around you that are made of plastic, glass, metal, and clay

Adhesive materials or wire Spray paint Plywood Soldering iron (optional) Soldering wire (optional)

MODULE 7 GRADE 7 ART LEARNING GUIDE

Making Junk Art

You can make a sculpture using junk mate-rials around you. These seemingly useless materials can be used to make an exciting work of art, as you can see in the picture below. Procedures:

1. Conceptualize your junk art by collect-ing various junk material and experi-ment how you can compose these into a sculpture. Make sketches of your ideas. .

2. Using any piece of wood or plywood, as a base for your junk art, begin working with your project by joining each piece of junk to form a three-dimensional rendering of your concep-tualized drawing. You can work as a group

3. Use soldering iron and wire for materi-als made of metal.

4. When everything is finished, spray your work with a spray paint. Let it dry.

Caution: You will be dealing with electronic and volatile substances that may cause burns, irritations, and allergy. Use materials in this activity with great caution and under the supervision of your teacher or an adult when you are working at home.

Left: “Two Antelopes” by Ann P.

Smith made from electronics and

machine parts. You too can make

an artwork like this using junk and

found material at home. Your cre-

ativity can transform a mountain

of trash and waste into something

aesthetically pleasing.

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Sculpture as an art is a reflection of our country’s rich cultural heritage. Locate the following artworks in the map using a line.

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Participate in an exhibit to be organized by your teacher to showcase your sculptures. Be the usher /usherette to those who will view your works. Explain to them what do you intend to express in your work and what it represents. Your teach-er will develop his/her rubric to grade you in this activity.

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Estolas, Josefina V., Javier, Clarita G. & Pada-Payno, Nieves. (1995). Introduction to Humanities (Art for Fine Living). National Book Store: Mandaluyong City.

Van de Bogart, Doris. (1970). Introduction to the humanities (Painting, sculpture, ar-

chitecture, music, and literature). Barnes and Noble Everyday Handbooks: New York, reprinted in the Philippines by National Book Store: Mandaluyong City.

Zulueta, Franciso M. (2003). The humanities: Revised Edition. National Book Store:

Mandaluyong City.

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Page 154 Photos by J. S. Jimenez except for the background Page 155 Photo by J. S. Jimenez Page 157, 158, 159, 160 Photos by J.S. Jimenez Page 161 1. http://www.greendiary.com/entry/32-mouth-watering-amazing-fruit-and-

vegetable-carvings-to-please-your-culinary-taste-buds/ 2. http://www.dreamstime.com/stock-photography-stock-photography-fresh-fruits-

vegetables-image8919682 Page 162 1. http://www.greendiary.com/entry/32-mouth-watering-amazing-fruit-and-

vegetable-carvings-to-please-your-culinary-taste-buds/ 2. http://www.greendiary.com/entry/32-mouth-watering-amazing-fruit-and-

vegetable-carvings-to-please-your-culinary-taste-buds/ Page 164 1. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/62/Santo_Ni%C3%B1o_de_Cebu.jpg 2. http://www.lomography.com/magazine/locations/2010/01/28/quiapo-the-feast-of-

the-black-nazarene 3. http://www.flickr.com/groups/marianevents/discuss/72157604015675469/

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Page 165 http://saints.sqpn.com/litany27.htm Page 166 1. http://www.philippineheritage.com/2011/01/pakil-church-pakil-laguna.html 2. http://www.geocities.ws/quezonians/Slideshow/QuezonSlideshow03.htm Page 168 http://www.cityofpines.com/tamawanvillage.html Page 169 1. http://pandoraspace.com/2009/pinaglabanan-san-juan/ 2. http://giftofquills.blogspot.com/2011/05/ever-taught-english.html 3. http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_Abueva 4. http://www.kulay-diwa.com/guillermo_tolentino 5. http://cuadrofilipino.blogspot.com/2009/07/abueva-and-new-sisa-murals-at-

national.html Page 171 1. http://www.deepfun.com/labels/Junk.html 2. http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/toxic-waste-

overview/ Page 173 1. http://ebtenorio.wordpress.com/2009/06/07/cebu-scenic-spots-i-visited/ 2. http://beallnew.blogspot.com/2011/04/sanduguan-bohol-philippines.html 3. http://discoveryislamarticles-onlinedawah.blogspot.com/2011/07/ang-kasaysayan-ng-

islam-sa-pilipinas.html

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Overview The Filipinos are art loving people. Our previous discus-sions revealed the great in-terests of our people in mak-ing their lives artistic in var-ied ways – through their or-naments, farming imple-ments, home and office de-cors, fishing implements, fighting armaments, and more. These are evidences of the Art of our people: rep-resentations for the eyes to enjoy. Our people love beau-tiful and meaningful things. Our psyche is designed for art appreciation and art pro-duction. We are people with simple and natural taste for the arts. In this module, you will un-derstand how the Filipinos live with art. From the mo-ment they are born up to the moment that they pass this life, Filipinos developed ways of employing art in their lives. Here, we will focus on the visual arts as mirrored in drama such as cenaculo, du-plo, zarzuela, Santacruzan, Lutrina, Subli, moro-moro, and moriones.

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At the end of this module, you are ex-pected to:

understand that art is an integral component of Philippine dra-mas and festivities

create a motif using a particular festival

analyze the unique forms, materi-als, colors, and uses of the arts in Philippine dramas and festivals

identify unique features of differ-ent festivals in each region

relate the visual components of the festivals to the values, reli-gious rituals, rites, and its meaning in the life of the peo-ple.

design sets, costumes, accesso-ries, and props for a selected play or festival

analyze a modern telenovela and how it uses color, costume, setting, props, accessories, and in enhancing the elements of a story.

In this module, you will you will apply your knowledge and understanding in the use of various art elements and prin-ciples of design in associating meaning with the visuals from Philippine drama and festivals. You will also understand the message and meaning created by art elements and designs utilized by the community in their festivals as way of life. 180

Parts of a Drama Exposition is an element of the story that tells about the background of the situation. Development in a story refers to the succession of events and movements leading the situation to its turning point. Turning point in a story tells about the solutions employed for conflicts as a result of difficult decision-making. Climax is the highest point of the story. Denouement is the unraveling of the plot. In a sto-ry. It gives the idea of how the character is dis-covered or how a mystery is resolved or how the unknown is revealed. Conclusion is the ending of the story.

You will need the following in your school or community or substitutes for these:

different colors of textiles (preferable satin)

cutting instruments

marking pens

adhesive materials

coloring materials

building materials (for sets)

photos or video clips of different Philippine

festivals

other materials of your choice

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These are some of the forms of Philippine drama. Most of them are influenced by the Christian faith but traces of local beliefs can often be seen. Can you describe each pic-ture and its relevance to you? How do they influence you as an individual?

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Traditional Drama Before the coming of Spain, the Filipinos were already entertained by the elders –

they were the first storytellers narrating the great epics of their tribes, the legends sur-rounding their place, the stories from distant lands, the lives of their gods and god-desses, the conflict between the good and the evil, and almost every aspect of life. Oth-er groups found it more entertaining to employ music, costume, and accessories to these stories such as the Sakuting dance in the south that narrates a story of a princess, who in search for her prince ventured into the dangerous forest passing through differ-ent obstacles along her way. In the North, the people of Cordillera are often entertained by village storytellers who are chanting the stories of their gods and ancestors as in the Hudhud.

In the lowland, Christianized communities, dramas find its new setting in re-

enacting the lives of the saints, the life and death of Jesus, the miracles of the Virgin Mary, and in the battles between the Christians and the Moslems. The Santacruzan for example dramatizes the search of Empress Elena for the Holy Cross; Lutrina is similar to Santacruzan but it is celebrated by the farmers asking for rains to water their crops. Equally similar is the Subli in Alitagtag and Bauan in Batangas which is set into dance and music narrating the search for the Holy Cross. The actions in each canto narrate the odds encountered by the person who searched for the wooden cross. Although Chris-tian in manner, it is still noticeable that the Filipinos adapted the new religion to en-hance their old beliefs. Drama in the Philippines may have evolved also from early reli-gious rituals that involve chanting and dancing. In Obando, Bulacan, dancing is asso-ciated with fertility rites of the early Filipinos as observed in the archaeological dig-gings in Pila, Laguna. The Santa Clara dance dramatizes the desire for the gods to send or not to send rains for the crop as well as the Karakol dance. The Putong and Tobong dances of Marinduque and coastal municipalities of Quezon facing Marinduque are ac-tually forms of drama set into music. The text of Tobong narrates how the three kings (Gaspar, Melchor and Balthazar) searched for the birthday celebrant to give their felici-tations and gifts which is similar to the story of the three kings during the Yuletide sea-son. As we examine those dances, we will discover the underlying drama narrated through dance and spectacles.

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Cenaculo, a drama about the life, passion, and death of Jesus Christ usually set in the town plaza is actually a communal affair because it uses the entire community as the actors and the spectators as equal-ly significant part of the drama. This Lenten tradition-al drama uses European-inspired clothes particularly the Roman centurions, the attires of the Jews and the disciples. This, including the Pabasa ng Pasyon, is among the highlights of Lenten celebration in Chris-tian Philippines.

Moro-moro is a bloody skirmish between the

Christians and the Moslems. This immortalizes the conflict of the Spain with the Moors as narrated in the

national epic of Spain, El Cid. This could have originated with the long time conflict between the converts to Christianity and the Moslems in the south or the old tradition of pangangayaw or raids. That is why this form of drama gained acceptance among the Christian population.

Dupluan, a form of game can also be classified

as drama because it narrates a story often of a king seeking for something among his loyal servants. This tells us that the trustworthy are often rewarded while the offenders are always punished.

With the above forms of drama in the

Philippines, it can be deduced that the plot and perfor-mance is the essential element of every Philippine dra-ma. Major characters are often portrayed with extra-special roles, status, or experience, almost revered, edified, and idolized while enjoining the audiences as participants. There is always a protagonist and an antagonist. In some traditional drama, such as in cenaculo, the audience themselves are members of the cast; they set the tone and the mood of the story. They are part in the development of the story from exposition to conclusion. Setting and theme are often defined and merged with the community. Spectacles are often simple. The music is supplied by the audience although there is already an accompaniment. Traditional dramas are often characterized with poetic dialogues and evocative mood. They aimed at expressing intense feelings and emotions that will make the audience cry, laugh, or even hate. 183

Moro-moro dancers . The dance dram-

atizes the conflict between the Chris-

tians and the Moors introduced by the

Spaniards in the Philippines.

A man reading the Pasyong Mahal

commemorating the life, passion, and

death of Jesus Christ during Lenten

Season. Pasyon is usually sang.

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Modern Drama During the American period,

zarzuela became popular. National Artist Atang dela Rama was among the popular zarzuelistas. It is a form of drama with music and acting that evolved from Latin influences of Spain and Mexico and the Broadway performances and vaudevilles of the Americans. Zarzuelas dominated the Philippine theatres during the Ameri-can regime and these theatrical perfor-mances made Philippine drama more in-teresting and western in character but veryFilipino in spirit.

Modern drama in the Philippines

evolved from radio drama in the mid-20th

century and found new grounds in Philippine television. From soap operas and Mexican novelas, the Filipinos creat-ed the telenovela, fantaserye, and epic serye. Dubbing became popular also in the later part of the 20

th century and early

21st century. Filipino dubbers made Mex-

ican and Korean novelas more inter-esting to Filipino viewers by translating foreign dialogue into Tagalog.

184 An actress as zarzuelista

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Traditional Drama Analysis

Make a drama analysis of the traditional drama found or practiced in your community. Remember that traditional drama may have dis-guised themselves through dances. You can only understand that these dances are dramas set into music and seasoned with movements. Use the guide below to describe each element:

MODULE 8 GRADE 7 ART LEARNING GUIDE

Title of the Drama: _______________________________________ Author: ________________________________________________

Place of Origin: __________________________________________

Element Manifestations

Plot or Action (Look for the exposition, de-velopment, turning point, climax, denoue-ment, and conclusion of the story)

Characters (Identify the protagonist and antagonist)

Setting (Describe the setting or place where the story happened)

Theme (What is the meaning of the story)

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Can you tell what provinces celebrate these festivals? Describe the festivals.

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Festivals are delightful events for the Filipinos – we are all feast-loving people. We love to celebrate almost every aspect of our existence – from birth to death. We have birthday celebrations, wakes for the dead , marriage feasts, and others.

Our life is surrounded by festivals. Our festivities are our expression of

thanksgiving and celebration for the blessings from God. In almost every barangay, sitio or district, there is a fiesta in honor for a particular

patron saint. There are municipalities with many fiesta celebrations all year round. For example, the Turumba Festival in Pakil is the longest religious festival in the country. In Lucban, Pahiyas is in honor of their patron saint, San Isidro Labrador. In some mu-nicipalities of Quezon, the festival features different products and celebrated dif-ferently from each other although the theme is the same. In Cebu, Sinulog is in honor of Senior Sto. Nino which is also celebrated in Pista ng Itim na Nazareno in Quiapo.

Other festivals are geared towards cultural preservation and tourism such as the

Panagbenga in Baguio City, Ati-Atihan in Aklan, Binirayan in Antique, Dinagyang in Iloilo, Kadayawan in Davao, Maskara in Bacolod, Kasadyaan in Tacloban, Moriones in Marinduque, Sorteo in Carmona, Cavite, Lechon in Batangas, Boling-boling in Catanauan, Quezon, Kakanindayog and Wagayway in Imus, Lubi-lubi in Negros, Coramlan in Alaminos, Bangus in Pangasinan, and thousands of others. It is only in the Philippines that every municipality celebrates its own festival annually in addition to provincial-wide and regional-wide festivals organized by the Department of Tourism.

Each festival is unique. Flowers and ornamentals dominate the Panagbenga,

kiping in the Pahiyas, colors and paints in Maskara, Ati-atihan and Sinulog, and products in other festivals. Several festivals are profit-oriented; others are religious in spirit; while others are festivals for a cause. No matter what type of festival is celebrated, the im-portant element is that the community is united in these festivals.

.

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You will make the following materials:

cardboards adhesive materials cutting materials bird’s feathers glitters

MODULE 8 GRADE 7 ART LEARNING GUIDE

Making your Own Maskara

Procedures:

1. Draw a face that will serve as base of your maskara using a cardboard.

2. Cut the edges of the drawing and work on the designs.

3. Use glue or any adhesive that fits to your needs.

4. Add accents to your maskara using bird’s feathers and glitters, beads and buttons and found objects.

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Using the Philippine map, list down all the festivals you know indicating their place of origin.

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Participate in a school festival that your teacher will organize for you. Your teacher will group and assign you to a particular province or region. It is up to your group how you will represent the assigned region. Use your creativity in designing sets, costume, accessories, or props as may be required in your assignment. Your teach-er will develop criteria to grade your participation and performance in this activity.

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(2011) Karakol 2011: A dance for thanksgiving, honor, and sacrifice. Published in

The Caballeros, Imus National High School – Alapan Annex. Estolas, Josefina V., Javier, Clarita G. & Pada-Payno, Nieves. (1995). Introduction

to Humanities (Art for Fine Living). National Book Store: Mandaluyong City. Van de Bogart, Doris. (1970). Introduction to the humanities (Painting, sculpture, ar-

chitecture, music, and literature). Barnes and Noble Everyday Handbooks: New York, reprinted in the Philippines by National Book Store: Mandaluyong City.

Zulueta, Franciso M. (2003). The humanities: Revised Edition. National Book Store:

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Page 1 1. http://www.photo.net.ph/blogalicious/fiesta-report/masskara-2007-schedule-of-activities

-celebrating-the-icons-of-bacolod/ 2. http://thebackpackchronicles.com/2012/02/panagbenga-festival-2012-event-schedules-

highlights/ 3. http://www.trekearth.com/gallery/Asia/Philippines/Southern_Tagalog/Quezon/Lucban/

photo909625.htm 4. http://tourism-philippines.com/festivals/ Page 4 1. Photo by Yasmin F. Santiaguel and J. S. Jimenez 2. http://alaehpagkasarap.files.wordpress.com/2010/02/sublian-festival-parade-2009.jpg Page 5 http://www.lovelyphilippines.com/festivals/santacruzan-the-queen-of-all-filipino-festivals/ Page 6 1. http://filipinessence.wordpress.com/tag/tradisyon-sa-mahal-na-araw/ 2. http://www.paradise-philippines.biz/paradise-philippines/upcoming-events-this-august/ Page 7 1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Paglipas_ng_Dilim_scene_zarzuela.jpg 2. http://playbillphilippines.blogspot.com/2011/09/zarzuelas-of-pampanga-in-mikit-

tamu.html 3. http://showbiznest.blogspot.com/2011/05/marian-rivera-mikael-daez-and-sid.html Page 9 http://www.davaotraveler.com/blog/2007/08/03/kadayawan-festival-in-davao/ Page 10 1. http://www.dumaguete-hotels.com/ati-atihan-festival-aklan/ 2. http://aralingpinoy2.blogspot.com/2011/05/dinagyang-festival.html 3. http://en.wikipilipinas.org/images/2/25/BinirayanFestival.jpg Page 11 http://outoftownblog.com/masskara-festival-2012/

MODULE 8 GRADE 7 ART LEARNING GUIDE