Juvenile Salmonid and Small Fish Identification Aid ADF&G Habitat & Restoration Division Version 1.1 March 27, 2003 Compiled by Ed Weiss This aid was developed to assist staff in the field identification of juvenile salmonids and other small fishes commonly caught during field sampling of freshwater streams and lakes. Juvenile salmon sketches were adapted from sketches by the Oregon Department of Fish & Wildlife’s Aquatic Education Program. Photos are from ADF&G, USFS and CIAA file archives as well as personal collections. Special thanks goes out to all who contributed: Mike Anderson Joe Buckwalter Tom Cappiello Cathy Cline Jack Dean Fred DeCicco Samantha Greenwood Bill Hauser Susie Hayes Doug Hill Frances Inoue Betsy McCracken Cecil Rich Stewart Seaberg Mike Wiedmer CHINOOK Parr marks even across lateral line & wider than interspaces No spots ADF&G ADF&G FL 52mm FL 54mm Anal fin: ≥ 13 rays, Not sickle shaped (leading edge longer than base) Adipose has “clear window” melanofores on outer edge CHINOOK Chinook Coho ADF&G ADF&G ADF&G FL 43mm FL 48mm
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Juvenile Salmonid and Small Fish Identification Aid
ADF&G Habitat & Restoration Division
Version 1.1
March 27, 2003 Compiled by Ed Weiss
This aid was developed to assist staff in the field identification of juvenile salmonids and other small fishes
commonly caught during field sampling of freshwater streams and lakes.
Juvenile salmon sketches were adapted from sketches by the Oregon Department of Fish & Wildlife’s Aquatic Education Program. Photos are from ADF&G, USFS and CIAA file
archives as well as personal collections.
Special thanks goes out to all who contributed:
Mike Anderson Joe Buckwalter Tom Cappiello
Cathy Cline Jack Dean
Fred DeCicco Samantha Greenwood
Bill Hauser Susie Hayes Doug Hill
Frances Inoue Betsy McCracken
Cecil Rich Stewart Seaberg Mike Wiedmer
CHINOOK
Parr marks even across lateral line & wider than interspaces
No spots
ADF&G
ADF&G
FL 52mm
FL 54mm
Anal fin: ≥ 13 rays, Not sickle shaped (leading edge longer than base)
Adipose has “clear window” melanofores on outer edge
CHINOOK
Chinook Coho
ADF&G
ADF&G
ADF&GFL 43mm
FL 48mm
COHO
Anal fin: ≥ 13 rays, sickle shaped (leading edge longer than base), black/white leading edge
Parr marks even across lateral line & narrower than interspaces
Adipose melanofores thru out. No “clear window”
No spots
ADF&G
ADF&G
FL 51mm
COHO
Coho smolt
Chinook parr Coho parr
ADF&G
ADF&G
ADF&G
mm
FL 48mm
FL 43mm
CHUM
Faint parr marks above lateral line
Small 3-4 cm, leaves freshwater as fry
ADF&G ADF&G
FL 39mm
ADF&G
ADF&G
PINK
Small 2-3 cm, leaves freshwater as fry
No parr marks. Dorsal surface green.
Ventral & sides silver.
ADF&G
ADF&G
SOCKEYE
Fry
Fry
Parr marks staggered across lateral line
ADF&G
ADF&G
FL 32mm
FL 40mm
SOCKEYE
Parr
Smolt
CIAA
FL 50mm
FL 51mm
FL 47mm
Cappiello
ADF&G
CUTTHROAT
USFS
USFS
CUTTHROAT
USFS
USFS
USFS
USFS
RAINBOW / STEELHEAD
ADF&G FL 31mm
ADF&G FL 44mm
Red lateral line
RAINBOW / STEELHEAD
Rainbow Trout Dolly Varden
ADF&G
ADF&G
DOLLY VARDEN
• P. cecae = 21 – 39 (30). Gill Rakers 15 – 23. • Anadromous dominant type but also lake or stream residents,
usually a stream spawner • In spawning, paired fins red/black with white leading edge,
lower body red, orange or pink.
ADF&G
ADF&G
FL 47mm
FL 75mm
Abundant Sm. Light spots on dark background.
Parr marks irregular, width > interspaces.
Thick caudal peduncle
Dark pigment inside mouth
DOLLY VARDEN
ADF&G
ADF&G
ADF&G
FL 110mm
ARCTIC CHAR
• P. cecae = 30 – 64 (45). Gill Rakers 21 – 27. • No known anadromous populations in AK. • Lake spawner/resident, sometimes moving into streams. • In spawning, paired fins red/black with white leading edge,
lower body red or gold. Spots red or orange.
DeCicco
Parr marks irregular, width > interspaces.
Thin caudal peduncle
Fewer larger Light spots on dark background.
White inside mouth
DeCicco
ARCTIC CHAR
DeCicco
DeCicco
Arctic Char
Dolly Varden
J. Dean
Arctic Char
ARCTIC GRAYLING
ADF&G
ADF&G
FL 53mm
FL 202mm
ARCTIC GRAYLING
DeCicco
DeCicco
ADF&G
ALASKA BLACKFISH
ADF&G
ADF&G
FL 126mm
BURBOT
ADF&G
FL mm
ADF&G
SLIMY SCULPIN
ADF&G
ADF&G
ADF&G
FL 93mm
FL 93mm
COAST RANGE SCULPIN
Cappiello
Cappiello
9 SPINE STICKLEBACK
ADF&G FL 52mm
3 SPINE STICKLEBACK
ADF&G
FL 57mm
Cappiello
Cappiello
LONGNOSE SUCKER
ADF&G
FL 59mm
ADF&G
ADF&G
Cappiello
SALMON – Parr
Chi
nook
Coh
o
Sock
eye
Pink
Chu
m
Trout - Parr
Rai
nbow
Cut
thro
at
Dol
ly
Var
den
Arc
tic
Cha
r
SALMON - Adult
Chi
nook
Coh
o
Sock
eye
Pink
Chu
m
SALMON – Adult Spawning
Chi
nook
Coh
o
Sock
eye
Pink
Chu
m
Bibliography
Burger, Carl V. 1983. Salmon Investigations in the Kenai River, Alaska. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Alaska Field Station, Anchorage, Alaska. Dean, Jack. 2002. Personal Communication. Dean, Jack. July 22, 2002 letter to Cooper Landing Fish & Game Advisory Committee. DeCicco, Fred. 2002. Personal Communication. Ellis, Derek V. 1977. Pacific Salmon: Management for People. Western Geographical Series, Volume 13. University of Victoria, Victoria, BC. Pp. 307 – 315. Hastie, Bill, and Pattie Farthing Bowers. 1997. The Fish Hatchery Next Door, an Educators Guide. Oregon Department of Fish & Wildlife, Portland, OR. Hauser, Bill. May 17, 2001 Hayes, Susie. 2002. Personal Communication. McConnell, Robert J., and George R. Snyder, 1972. Key to Field Identification of Anadromous Juvenile Salmonids in the
Pacific Northwest. NOAA Technical Report NMFS CIRC-366. Seattle, WA. McPhail, J.D. and C.C. Lindsey, 1970. Freshwater Fishes of Northwestern Canada and Alaska. Bulletin 173. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Ottawa. pp. 129-135. Meehan, William R. and John S. Vania, 1961. An External Characteristic to Differentiate between King and Silver Salmon Juveniles in Alaska. Informational Leaflet No. 1. Alaska Department of Fish & Game, Juneau, AK. Morrow, James E., 1980. The Freshwater Fishes of Alaska. Alaska Northwest Publishing Co., Anchorage, AK. Pollard, W.R., et al, 1997. Field Identification of Coastal Juvenile Salmonids. Harbour Publishing, Madeira Park, BC. Trautman, Milton B., 1973. A Guide to the Collection and Identification of Presmolt Pacific Salmon in Alaska with an Illustrated Key. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS ABFL-2. Seattle, WA. Weidlich, Laurie M. 1986. Game Fishes of Alaska”. Alaska Department of Fish & Game. Public Communication Section, Juneau, AK.