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Juvenile Salmonid and Small Fish Identification Aid ADF&G Habitat & Restoration Division Version 1.1 March 27, 2003 Compiled by Ed Weiss This aid was developed to assist staff in the field identification of juvenile salmonids and other small fishes commonly caught during field sampling of freshwater streams and lakes. Juvenile salmon sketches were adapted from sketches by the Oregon Department of Fish & Wildlife’s Aquatic Education Program. Photos are from ADF&G, USFS and CIAA file archives as well as personal collections. Special thanks goes out to all who contributed: Mike Anderson Joe Buckwalter Tom Cappiello Cathy Cline Jack Dean Fred DeCicco Samantha Greenwood Bill Hauser Susie Hayes Doug Hill Frances Inoue Betsy McCracken Cecil Rich Stewart Seaberg Mike Wiedmer CHINOOK Parr marks even across lateral line & wider than interspaces No spots ADF&G ADF&G FL 52mm FL 54mm Anal fin: 13 rays, Not sickle shaped (leading edge longer than base) Adipose has “clear window” melanofores on outer edge CHINOOK Chinook Coho ADF&G ADF&G ADF&G FL 43mm FL 48mm
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Juvenile Salmonid and Small Fish Identification Aid · Juvenile Salmonid and Small Fish Identification Aid ADF&G Habitat & Restoration Division Version 1.1 March 27, 2003 Compiled

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Page 1: Juvenile Salmonid and Small Fish Identification Aid · Juvenile Salmonid and Small Fish Identification Aid ADF&G Habitat & Restoration Division Version 1.1 March 27, 2003 Compiled

Juvenile Salmonid and Small Fish Identification Aid

ADF&G Habitat & Restoration Division

Version 1.1

March 27, 2003 Compiled by Ed Weiss

This aid was developed to assist staff in the field identification of juvenile salmonids and other small fishes

commonly caught during field sampling of freshwater streams and lakes.

Juvenile salmon sketches were adapted from sketches by the Oregon Department of Fish & Wildlife’s Aquatic Education Program. Photos are from ADF&G, USFS and CIAA file

archives as well as personal collections.

Special thanks goes out to all who contributed:

Mike Anderson Joe Buckwalter Tom Cappiello

Cathy Cline Jack Dean

Fred DeCicco Samantha Greenwood

Bill Hauser Susie Hayes Doug Hill

Frances Inoue Betsy McCracken

Cecil Rich Stewart Seaberg Mike Wiedmer

CHINOOK

Parr marks even across lateral line & wider than interspaces

No spots

ADF&G

ADF&G

FL 52mm

FL 54mm

Anal fin: ≥ 13 rays, Not sickle shaped (leading edge longer than base)

Adipose has “clear window” melanofores on outer edge

CHINOOK

Chinook Coho

ADF&G

ADF&G

ADF&GFL 43mm

FL 48mm

Page 2: Juvenile Salmonid and Small Fish Identification Aid · Juvenile Salmonid and Small Fish Identification Aid ADF&G Habitat & Restoration Division Version 1.1 March 27, 2003 Compiled

COHO

Anal fin: ≥ 13 rays, sickle shaped (leading edge longer than base), black/white leading edge

Parr marks even across lateral line & narrower than interspaces

Adipose melanofores thru out. No “clear window”

No spots

ADF&G

ADF&G

FL 51mm

COHO

Coho smolt

Chinook parr Coho parr

ADF&G

ADF&G

ADF&G

mm

FL 48mm

FL 43mm

CHUM

Faint parr marks above lateral line

Small 3-4 cm, leaves freshwater as fry

ADF&G ADF&G

FL 39mm

ADF&G

ADF&G

PINK

Small 2-3 cm, leaves freshwater as fry

No parr marks. Dorsal surface green.

Ventral & sides silver.

ADF&G

ADF&G

Page 3: Juvenile Salmonid and Small Fish Identification Aid · Juvenile Salmonid and Small Fish Identification Aid ADF&G Habitat & Restoration Division Version 1.1 March 27, 2003 Compiled

SOCKEYE

Fry

Fry

Parr marks staggered across lateral line

ADF&G

ADF&G

FL 32mm

FL 40mm

SOCKEYE

Parr

Smolt

CIAA

FL 50mm

FL 51mm

FL 47mm

Cappiello

ADF&G

CUTTHROAT

USFS

USFS

CUTTHROAT

USFS

USFS

USFS

USFS

Page 4: Juvenile Salmonid and Small Fish Identification Aid · Juvenile Salmonid and Small Fish Identification Aid ADF&G Habitat & Restoration Division Version 1.1 March 27, 2003 Compiled

RAINBOW / STEELHEAD

ADF&G FL 31mm

ADF&G FL 44mm

Red lateral line

RAINBOW / STEELHEAD

Rainbow Trout Dolly Varden

ADF&G

ADF&G

DOLLY VARDEN

• P. cecae = 21 – 39 (30). Gill Rakers 15 – 23. • Anadromous dominant type but also lake or stream residents,

usually a stream spawner • In spawning, paired fins red/black with white leading edge,

lower body red, orange or pink.

ADF&G

ADF&G

FL 47mm

FL 75mm

Abundant Sm. Light spots on dark background.

Parr marks irregular, width > interspaces.

Thick caudal peduncle

Dark pigment inside mouth

DOLLY VARDEN

ADF&G

ADF&G

ADF&G

FL 110mm

Page 5: Juvenile Salmonid and Small Fish Identification Aid · Juvenile Salmonid and Small Fish Identification Aid ADF&G Habitat & Restoration Division Version 1.1 March 27, 2003 Compiled

ARCTIC CHAR

• P. cecae = 30 – 64 (45). Gill Rakers 21 – 27. • No known anadromous populations in AK. • Lake spawner/resident, sometimes moving into streams. • In spawning, paired fins red/black with white leading edge,

lower body red or gold. Spots red or orange.

DeCicco

Parr marks irregular, width > interspaces.

Thin caudal peduncle

Fewer larger Light spots on dark background.

White inside mouth

DeCicco

ARCTIC CHAR

DeCicco

DeCicco

Arctic Char

Dolly Varden

J. Dean

Arctic Char

ARCTIC GRAYLING

ADF&G

ADF&G

FL 53mm

FL 202mm

ARCTIC GRAYLING

DeCicco

DeCicco

ADF&G

Page 6: Juvenile Salmonid and Small Fish Identification Aid · Juvenile Salmonid and Small Fish Identification Aid ADF&G Habitat & Restoration Division Version 1.1 March 27, 2003 Compiled

ALASKA BLACKFISH

ADF&G

ADF&G

FL 126mm

BURBOT

ADF&G

FL mm

ADF&G

SLIMY SCULPIN

ADF&G

ADF&G

ADF&G

FL 93mm

FL 93mm

COAST RANGE SCULPIN

Cappiello

Cappiello

Page 7: Juvenile Salmonid and Small Fish Identification Aid · Juvenile Salmonid and Small Fish Identification Aid ADF&G Habitat & Restoration Division Version 1.1 March 27, 2003 Compiled

9 SPINE STICKLEBACK

ADF&G FL 52mm

3 SPINE STICKLEBACK

ADF&G

FL 57mm

Cappiello

Cappiello

LONGNOSE SUCKER

ADF&G

FL 59mm

ADF&G

ADF&G

Cappiello

Page 8: Juvenile Salmonid and Small Fish Identification Aid · Juvenile Salmonid and Small Fish Identification Aid ADF&G Habitat & Restoration Division Version 1.1 March 27, 2003 Compiled

SALMON – Parr

Chi

nook

Coh

o

Sock

eye

Pink

Chu

m

Trout - Parr

Rai

nbow

Cut

thro

at

Dol

ly

Var

den

Arc

tic

Cha

r

SALMON - Adult

Chi

nook

Coh

o

Sock

eye

Pink

Chu

m

SALMON – Adult Spawning

Chi

nook

Coh

o

Sock

eye

Pink

Chu

m

Page 9: Juvenile Salmonid and Small Fish Identification Aid · Juvenile Salmonid and Small Fish Identification Aid ADF&G Habitat & Restoration Division Version 1.1 March 27, 2003 Compiled

Bibliography

Burger, Carl V. 1983. Salmon Investigations in the Kenai River, Alaska. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Alaska Field Station, Anchorage, Alaska. Dean, Jack. 2002. Personal Communication. Dean, Jack. July 22, 2002 letter to Cooper Landing Fish & Game Advisory Committee. DeCicco, Fred. 2002. Personal Communication. Ellis, Derek V. 1977. Pacific Salmon: Management for People. Western Geographical Series, Volume 13. University of Victoria, Victoria, BC. Pp. 307 – 315. Hastie, Bill, and Pattie Farthing Bowers. 1997. The Fish Hatchery Next Door, an Educators Guide. Oregon Department of Fish & Wildlife, Portland, OR. Hauser, Bill. May 17, 2001 Hayes, Susie. 2002. Personal Communication. McConnell, Robert J., and George R. Snyder, 1972. Key to Field Identification of Anadromous Juvenile Salmonids in the

Pacific Northwest. NOAA Technical Report NMFS CIRC-366. Seattle, WA. McPhail, J.D. and C.C. Lindsey, 1970. Freshwater Fishes of Northwestern Canada and Alaska. Bulletin 173. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Ottawa. pp. 129-135. Meehan, William R. and John S. Vania, 1961. An External Characteristic to Differentiate between King and Silver Salmon Juveniles in Alaska. Informational Leaflet No. 1. Alaska Department of Fish & Game, Juneau, AK. Morrow, James E., 1980. The Freshwater Fishes of Alaska. Alaska Northwest Publishing Co., Anchorage, AK. Pollard, W.R., et al, 1997. Field Identification of Coastal Juvenile Salmonids. Harbour Publishing, Madeira Park, BC. Trautman, Milton B., 1973. A Guide to the Collection and Identification of Presmolt Pacific Salmon in Alaska with an Illustrated Key. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS ABFL-2. Seattle, WA. Weidlich, Laurie M. 1986. Game Fishes of Alaska”. Alaska Department of Fish & Game. Public Communication Section, Juneau, AK.