Journ100 - Philippine Press before Martial Law

PHILIPPINE JOURNALISM BEFORE MARTIAL LAW

1965-1972

PRESIDENT LYNDON B. JOHNSON’S “RIGHT ARM IN ASIA”

PRESIDENT LYNDON B. JOHNSON’S “RIGHT ARM IN ASIA”

ANTI-VIETNAM AND ANTI-SOCIALIST PRESS


Victor D. Montero (Propaganda in our Newspapers: A

Study on Slanted News Reporting, Copy Editing and

Editing in our metropolitan Newspapers)


4 MAJOR INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES

Associated Press (AP)

United Press International (UPI)

Reuters

Agence France Presse (AFP)

THE PRESS FOUNDATION OF ASIA

Western Influence

THE PRESS FOUNDATION OF ASIA

Western Influence

“Depthnews”

CRIME AND SENSATIONALISM


SENSATIONALISM

“inclusion of lurid and salacious details; use of blown-

up pictures not pertinent to the report; placement in

the front pages of the papers; and too much space

allotted to crime stories.”


The Lucila Lalu Jigsaw Murder Case (June 1967)

The Lucila Lalu Case: The Original Chop Chop

Lady





Maggie de la Riva Rape Case (July 1967)

CRIME AND SENSATIONALISM Philippine Press Council

“to act as a policing body of the press as a profession and as a business”

Violations: willful inaccuracy and untruthfulness unfair and dishonest methods of gathering news intrusion into privacy Bribery plagiarism overplay of sex and crime stories refusal to publish corrections promotion of hatred between peoples and groups indecency

CRIME AND SENSATIONALISM“Roads and bridges are necessary and they may

be the underpinning of the economy. But we submit, Mr. President, that they are not the foundations of a human community. Man needs more than rice and roads. Above all things, the human community needs justice and the trust that flows from it.

For justice, which is the foundation of peace, has denied to our people. In its stead is privilege…

With each passing day, the danger and the threats the present state of affairs carry, increase…

The power and the facilities to carve order out of the current disorder are in your hands, Mr. President. You alone can apply them.”


Peace and Order Coordinating Council

PR AND ITS CONSEQUENCES

PR AND ITS CONSEQUENCES

Public Information Office (PIO)

Press Secretary Jose P. Aspiras

“provide much needed leadership and direction in

communications in government”

THE CIA AND THE ‘69 ELECTIONS

MARCOS VS THE PRESS

1969 Elections

Manila Times

Manila Chronicle

Fernando Lopez

“Prescription for a Revolution”

Sen. Benigno Aquino Sr. and The Manila Times

MARCOS VS THE PRESS

o Government Report

o Daily Express (1972)

ACTIVISM AND THE PRESS

ACTIVISM AND THE PRESS

“Protest Journalism”

ACTIVISM AND THE PRESS Philippine Collegian (UP) Ang Malaya (Philippine College of Commerce) Pandayan (Ateneo de Manila) Ang Hasik (Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila) Balawis (Mapua Institute of Technology) Lagablab (Philippine Science High School)

Bandilang Pula Himagsik

ACTIVISM AND THE PRESS Kalayaan (Kabataang Makabayan) Struggle (Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation) Political Review (Movement for the Advancement of

Nationalism) Ang Sosyalista (The Socialist Party of the Philippines)

Ang Bayan Ang Komunista

THE YUYITUNG CASE

THE YUYITUNG CASE

Quintin and Rizal Yuyitung

THE YUYITUNG CASECHARGES

“…causing to be published in various issues of the Chinese Commercial News articles and news items which are subversive, seditious, libelous and offensive to the very integrity and dignity of the Governement of the Republic of the Philippines, its officials and the Filipino People.”

“That the above-mentioned respondents in causing the publication in the Chinese Commercial News of articles and news items…have utilized the said newspaper as a vehicle to promote or enhance the communists’ cause in this country, especially among the Chinese Community, thereby persuading or influencing the latter to support the communist regime in Red China.”

THE YUYITUNG CASE

“That the above-named respondents…have given stress and emphasis to communistic propaganda as shown by their writings and editorial comment that they have caused to be published in various issues of the Chinese Commercial News…”

“That the above-named respondents have likewise advocated and are advocating the teaching and propagation of doctrines tending to generate or incite an armed revolution against the government of the Republic of the Philippines and the duly constituted authorities.”

THE FILIPINIZATION ISSUE

CRISIS IN THE NEWSPAPER ECONOMY

CRISIS IN THE NEWSPAPER ECONOMY REASONS:

Small circulation/a miniscule subscribing readership High overhead Minimal advertising revenue Shortage of skilled labor and competent editorial

personnel High cost materials like ink, newsprint and photographic

films, paper and chemicals which are generally imported The rapid encroachment of television and radio Language problems Stiff competition

CRISIS IN THE NEWSPAPER ECONOMY

Newsprint Stiff Competition

Daily Express

Newspaper plants were expanded and modernized Manila Chronicle

Chronicle Magazine Entertainment Guide Woman and the Home

MULTI-MEDIA NETWORKS


The Lopez Family

Night club

Ice drop factory

The Iloilo-Negros Air Express Co.

The Iloilo Transportation Co.

Far Eastern Air Transport Inc.

El Tiempo-Times Publishing Company (El

Tiempo and Iloilo Times)


Fernando Lopez Sr. The Manila Chronicle Electric power Oil and oil products Heavy machinery & construction Sugar Shipping Cement Stocks and securities Real estate Banking Telecommunications Education Insurance Media


Soriano Empire (Philippines Herald)

MULTI-MEDIA NETWORKS Andres Soriano y Cia

Copper and iron mines Timber concession Oil exploration Soft drink bottling Ice cream factories Metal drums Fertilizer Jute bags Chicken feed Electric light bulbs Plastic tubes Cardboard cartons


Elizalde Family


Joaquin Miguel Elizalde

Business Management and Politics


Juan Miguel Elizalde

“War Hero”

MULTI-MEDIA NETWORKS Manuel Elizalde

Acknowledged leader of the Elizalde family President of Elizalde & Co. Elizalde Rope Factory, Inc. Elizalde Paint and Oil Factory, Inc. Manila Steamship Co., Inc. La Carlota Sugar Central Tanduay Distillery, Inc. Samar Mining Company Metropolitan Insurance Company Bukidnon Cattle Development Company Vice president of the Manila Broadcasting Corp. Director of the Philippine Broadcasting Company

MULTI-MEDIA NETWORKS Manuel Elizalde

Acknowledged leader of the Elizalde family

President of Elizalde & Co. Elizalde Rope Factory, Inc. Elizalde Paint and Oil Factory, Inc. Manila Steamship Co., Inc. La Carlota Sugar Central Tanduay Distillery, Inc. Samar Mining Company Metropolitan Insurance Company Bukidnon Cattle Development

Company Vice president of the Manila

Broadcasting Corp. Director of the Philippine

Broadcasting Company


The Roces Clan

Alejandro Roces Sr.


The Roces Clan

Alejandro Roces Sr.

Ramon Roces


The Roces Clan

Alejandro Roces Sr.

Ramon Roces

Antonio Roces


The Roces Clan

Alejandro Roces Sr.

Ramon Roces

Antonio Roces

Joaquin Roces Jr.


The Marcoses

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Journ100 - Philippine Press before Martial Law

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