J. CLARK SALYER WETLAND MANAGEMENT DISTRICT Upham, …

J. CLARK SALYER WETLAND MANAGEMENT DISTRICT

Upham, North Dakota

ANNUAL NARRATIVE REPORT

Calendar Year 1984

[J.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service

NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE SYSTEM

REVIEW AND APPROVALS


Upham, North Dakota

ANNUAL NARRATIVE REPORT

Calendar Year 1984

Date

Regional

RefugQ Super^^sor Rîew

J Date

iltl^ Office Approval Date

-- - -

Introduction

J. Clark Salyer Wetland Management District is located in northcentral North Dakota. The district is made up of Renville, Bottineau, Rolette, McHenry and Pierce Counties. Within the 5-county district there are 114 Waterfowl Production Area Management Units totaling 22,192 acres, 7 easement refuges totaling 8,826 acres and over 2,000 easement contracts totaling 118,366 wetland acres. District staff includes one GS-9 Wetland Manager (1 PTE), one part-time GS-7 Biological Technician (.5 PTE) and about .3 of a man-year for clerical and other assistance. This station is grossly understaffed for it's size and complexity of resource problems.

The majority of the district is made up of glacial drift prairie with glacial Lake Souris occupying central Bottineau County and northcentral McHenry County. A portion of eastern Pierce County, in and around Hurricane Lake, lies within glacial Lake Cando. Only a small portion of southwestern McHenry County lies within the Missouri River Coteau. A twelve township sized area in southwestern Rolette and northcentral Pierce Counties is made up of numerous small prairie lakes and potholes comparable to the Missouri River Coteau. A majority of the district WPA's are located in this geological formation. The Turtle Mountains lie in the northeastern part of the district. They are not mountains as such but a wooded moraine rising about 500 feet above the surrounding prairie. Many shallow lakes and small potholes make up this geological formation. Uncleared uplands in the Turtle Mountains are made up of green ash, burr oak, aspen and various shrubs.


BOTTINEAU CO.

RENVILLE CO.

0 WMD HEADQUARTERS

• MANAGEMENT UNITS (WATERFOWL PRODUCTION AREAS)

O NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGES McHENRY CO.

OTURTLE MOUNTAINS

Q MISSOURI RIVER COTEAU

© ROLLING GLACIAL MORAINES

O GLACIAL DRIFT PRAIRIE - (MODERATE POTHOLE DENSITY)

OGLACIAL DRIFT PRAIRIE - (HIGH POTHOLE DENSITY)

QLAKEBED OF GLACIAL LAKE SOURIS

NWR

ROLETTE CO.

BUFFALO LAKE NWR

NWR

SCALE: I INCH EQUALS APPROX. 20 MILES

INTRODUCTION Paê

TABLE OF CONTENTS

A. HIGHLIGHTS 1

B. CLIMATIC CONDITIONS 1

C. LAND ACQUISITION

1. Fee Title 3 2. Easements 3 3. Other Nothing to Report

D. PLANNING

1. Master Nothing to Report 2. Management Plan 5 3. Public Participation 5 A. Compliance with Environmental Mandates .... Nothing to Report 5. Research and Investigation 5 6. Other Nothing to Report

E. ADMINISTRATION

1. Personnel 6 2. Youth Programs Nothing to Report 3. Other Manpower Programs .... Nothing to Report 4. Volunteer Program Nothing to Report 5. Funding 7 6. Safety 8 7. Technical Assistance Nothing to Report 8. Other Items Nothing to Report

F. HABITAT MANAGEMENT

1. General 8 2. Wetlands 9 3. Forests 9 4. Croplands 9 5. Grasslands 10 6. Other Habitiats Nothing to Report 7. Grazing 10 8. Haying 10 9. Fire Management 10 10. Pest Control 11 11. Water Rights . 13 12. Wilderness and Special Areas ... Nothing to Report 13. WPA Easement Monitoring 13

Page G. WILDLIFE

1. Wildlife Diversity ..... Nothing to Report 2. Endangered and/or Threatened Species 16 3. Waterfowl ... 16 4. Marsh and Water Birds 18 5. Shorebirds, Gulls, Terns and Allied Species .••••18 6. Raptors 18 7. Other Migratory Birds Nothing to Report 8. Game Mammals 18 9. Marine Mammals Nothing to Report 10. Other Resident Wildlife 19 11. Fishery Resources Nothing to Report 12. Wildlife Propagation and Stocking 19 13. Surplus Animal Disposal ... Nothing to Report 14. Scientific Collections Nothing to Report 15. Animal Control Nothing to Report 16. Marking and Banding Nothing to Report 17. Disease Prevention and Control Nothing to Report

H. PUBLIC USE

1. General Nothing to Report 2. Outdoor Classrooms - Students Nothing to Report 3. Outdoor Classrooms - Teachers Nothing to Report 4. Interpretative Foot Trails Nothing to Report 5. Interpretative Tour Routes Nothing to Report 6. Interpretative Exhibits/Demonstrations .... Nothing to Report 7. Other Interpretative Programs 21 8. Hunting .21 9. Fishing 21 10. Trapping 21 11. Wildlife Observation Nothing to Report 12. Other Wildlife Oriented Recreation Nothing to Report 13. Camping Nothing to Report 14. Picnicking Nothing to Report 15. Off-Road Vehicling Nothing to Report 16. Other Non-Wildlife Oriented Recreation .... Nothing to Report 17. Law Enforcement 22 18. Cooperating Associations Nothing to Report 19. Concessions Nothing to Report

I. EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES

1. New Construction Nothing to Report 2. Rehabilitation 22 3. Major Maintenance 22 4. Equipment Utilization and Replacement 22 5. Communications Systems Nothing to Report 6. Computer Systems Nothing to Report 7. Energy Conservation ... Nothing to Report 8. Other Nothing to Report

Page

J. OTHER ITEMS

1. Cooperative Programs „ 22 2. Other Economic Uses Nothing to Report 3. Items of Interest 4 Nothing to Report 4. Credits 23

K. FEEDBACK 23

L. INFORMATION PACKET (inside back cover)

Lords Lake National Wildlife Easement Refuge 25

Willow Lake National Wildlife Easement Refuge 25

Rabb Lake National Wildlife Easement Refuge 25

School Section Lake National Wildlife Easement Refuge 26

Buffalo Lake National Wildlife Easement Refuge 26

Cottonwood Lake National Wildlife Easement Refuge 27

Wintering River National Wildlife Easement Refuge 27

A. Highlights

Ninety-three giant Canada geese were released on three management units in Pierce County (Section G.I2,).

Several excellent potential easement tracts were submitted to realty for acquisition (Section C.2.).

Public involvement and inquiries on drain projects remain high in the district (Section K).

Joint County Water Management Boards (Pierce, Rolette, Towner, and Benson Counties) restore 6^ year old 40A violation downstream from Hurricane Lake (Section J.l.).

B. Climatic Conditions

Except for the month of December the winter of 1983-84 was generally mild with light precipitation. Snow depth averaged six inches across most of the district during the winter. There were no problems with resident wildlife finding food.

With only light precipitation during the winter and the fact that soil moisture was less than adequate at freeze-up in the fall of 1983, prospects for good runoff volumes in the spring were poor.

A slow, steady melt in February reduced the snow cover to one inch by the 23rd. Runoff from the snow pack was negligible due to low water content and dry soil conditions. A cooling trend began in late February and continued through mid-March. On March 20, warmer weather returned and by the 23rd all snow was gone with only a light runoff occurring, A general bird migration began with the warmer weather and accompanying southerly winds.

During the first week of April a strong bird migration occurred in the district due to continued southerly winds and seasonable temperatures. Ice went out of district wetlands on April 12 after 2 days of steady rain and wind.

A major snowstorm struck the area on April 26-27, Blizzard like conditions prevailed over most of the district. Hardest hit areas were in southern McHenry County where as much as two feet of snow fell. Runoff from this snow melt greatly improved water levels in district wetlands. Overall bird losses from the storm varied, with coots, mountain bluebirds, and tree swallows being the hardest hit.

Total precipitation for the period January through April was substantially above normal for most areas of the district. Soil moisture conditions and wetland levels were rated as good at the end of this 4-month period.

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During the month of May, high winds and light precipitation rapidly dried the topsoil. Severe soil erosion from the strong winds occurred on private lands in the district. The strong and unpredictable winds hampered the prescribed burning program.o The last frost of the spring at Upham was on May 26 with a reading of 26 F.

In June less wind and substantial rainfall stopped the extensive soil erosion. Soil moisture conditions were generally adequate for crops and native grass seedings. However many smaller wetlands dried up by the end of the month.

Precipitation during July and August was way below normal in most areas of the district. This along with high temperatures caused most wetlands to dry up by the end of the summer. Grain crops and native grass seedings showed stress except in localized areas such as Mikes Peak WPA. This area received up to six inches of rain during the last week of July and greatly improved the condition of crops and wetlands in that area.

The hot, dry weather increased the grasshopper problem that had developed, particularly in areas of western Bottineau and Renville Counties.

At Upham, the highest temperature of the year was 102°? on August 26. Total precipitation for the period May through August was between five and six inches below normal in most areas of the district.

Cooler weather and substantial rainfall improved moisture conditions in September. At Upham, first frost of the fall was on September 4 with a reading of 31 F. Another frost occurred on September 23 with a temperature of 27 F. Killing freeze was on September 26 with a low of 20OF.

Heavy precipitation in October and November dramatically improved moisture conditions across the district. Most areas recorded three to four times their normal precipitation during October. The Mohall-Lansford area received the greatest above normal precipitation during the fall with nearly 12 inches recorded in this area. Type I wetlands in this area went into freeze-up full of water.

On October 27 an artic-type cold front moved through the state and forced most waterfowl south. On October 28 all water areas were frozen after temperatures dropped to near zero.

Snowfall was not substantial in most areas of the district until late November. On the 26th of November a heavy wet snow fell leaving nearly a half-foot on the ground. The snow was preceeded by heavy rain which helped saturate the ground before it had frozen to any great depths. This made for good runoff prospects in 1985.

At Upham, snow depth in December increased from five inches on the 1st to nine inches on the 31st. Later in the month extensive soil erosion occurred on private lands in the district due to high winds blowing snow across large areas of unprotected soil.

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By the end of December the Salyer Wetland Management District had the best snow cover of any area in the state. Snow depth on the ground ranged from 9 inches at Upham to over 12 inches in the Turtle Mountains.

At Upham, total precipitation for the period September through December was 7.06 inches or 2.33 inches above normal. Total snowfall for 1984 was 59.8 inches. Total precipitation for 1984 was 16.98 inches, slightly above the normal of 16.61 inches.

C. Land Acquisition

1. Fee Title

County

Bottineau McHenry Renville Pierce Rolette

Total Acres

2,155 4,112 250

10,492* 5,183

1984 Increased Acres

0 0 0 0 0

Goal Acres

3,550 7,950 750

10,200 6,600

*Includes 3,276 acres of Bureau of Land Management land that were turned over to the FWS for management purposes.

No fee acquisition has taken place in North Dakota since April of 1978. In 1982, the State enacted a law superficially preventing the FWS from acquiring land in the state. The law as written reads:

20.1-02-18.3 Suspension of federal authority to acquire interests in land. Notwithstanding the provisions of section 20.1-02-18, or any other provision of law, the United States shall not acquire by any means any land or interest in land for migratory bird reservations, and the governor shall not approve the acquisition of any land or interests in land with money from the migratory bird conservation fund until December 31, 1985, or until the date a management plan for such land is approved by both the legislative assembly and the governor, whichever date is first. The management plan shall be jointly prepared by the secretary of the interior and the governor and shall address the extent and general locations of all proposed acquisitions with money from the migratory bird conservation fund, the management of all such lands whether already acquired or to be acquired, and the relationship of such acquisition to mitigation acquisitions for federally-financed or permitted projects.

In April a working group was established to develop a North Dakota Migratory Bird Habitat Acquisition Plan that would satisfy all requirements of the State necessary for the Governor to approve, on a case by case basis, FWS fee acquisition proposals. The working group consisted of:

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John Foster, Arrowwood NWR Complex Mike McEnroe, Long Lake WMD Bill Berg, J. Clark Salyer WMD Karen Smith, Lostwood NWR Al Sapa, Ecological Services, Bismarck Paul Hartmann, Division of Realty, Denver Mike Johnson, North Dakota Game and Fish Department Arlan Harmoning, North Dakota Game and Fish Department

The plan has been approved by the Washington Office and has been sent to the State of North Dakota.

Inquires continue to come into this office concerning the sale of lands. Five potential sellers were referred to the Devils Lake and Minot Acquisition Offices who in turn referred them to the Bureau of Reclamation for possible Garrison Diversion Unit mitigation,

2. Easements

Easement acquisition resumed in North Dakota for the first time since July of 1977. Lack of Realty personnel and inadequate disemination of information on the program has prevented the program from processing at more than a snail's pace. Statewide in FY 1984 the FWS took 33 options totaling 2,191 wetland acres. At this station 19 tracts were reviewed and forwarded to the Bismarck Office. In 1984 one easement contract in Rolette County was officially entered in the books. What the SWAP needs is a concerted statewide effort promoting the benefits of the program. Local news releases and personal contacts have generated public interest for a short period of time in localized areas. In addition to publicizing the program, additional realty staff are needed to handle more options that would be generated by public relations effort. In 1984 six-tenths of the allocated funds were spent on acquisition.

Easement acreages for the 5-county district are shown below:

County Acquired in 1984

Easement Wetland Acres Goal Acres

McHenry Renville Pierce Rolette

Bottineau 0 0 0 0

29

26,294 23,391 12,366 36,163 19,181

16,700 38,150 23,350

33,550 28,900 -

Total 29 118,366 140,650

Easement acquisition is 84 percent complete for J, Clark Salyer WMD

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D. Planning

2. Management Plans

A controlled burning plan and pesticide use plan were combined with the refuge plan and submitted to the Regional Office in March.

3. Public Participation

News releases were prepared for all county newspapers in the district on the district's prescribed burning program. County Commissioners and weed control officers were kept informed of all weed control efforts in the district. News stories on the Russell Diversion Drain lawsuit and goose release program were also prepared.

Bill Berg and Darold Walls attended Joint Water Management Board meetings to discuss FWS interests in relation to the Hurricane Lake Drainage project. Wetland Manager Berg assisted Bottineau County landowners with their efforts to resolve problems with the White Spur Drain and Stone Creek Channelization project.

Berg met with Renville County Commissioners and engineers in regards to a road project in the Tolley area.

FWS personnel worked with the Cando Wildlife Club, Wolford Wildlife Club and landowners to set up a waterfowl rest area around Hurricane Lake WPA. Approximately 1500 acres were closed to waterfowl hunting including the entire WPA. Hunter response to the closure has been favorable with many hunters Indicating that hunting was better and the geese stayed in the area longer than other years.

5. Research and Investigations

Changes in Diet and Body Composition of Lesser Snow Geese on their Wintering and Spring Grounds

In cooperation with student investigator, Ray Aliauskas (Western Ontario University) the FWS and North Dakota Game and Fish Department collected 65 snow geese in Bottineau County in April. Preliminary indications are that nutrient reserves are being accumulated by adult male and female snow geese during their northward migration to the breeding grounds. Final results of the study are to be completed by raid-1985.

In June a sample site designed to monitor the chemistry of atmospheric precipitation was established by the North Dakota Department of Health on Horseshoe Lake WPA in northern Pierce County. The site also will be monitored by the Health Department. Findings of the project will be available in December of 1985.

In cooperation with John Lokemoen, NPWRC, an inventory of all islands within the district was initiated. To date four counties have been inventoried with only McHenry left to be done. Seven islands were

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surveyed with two showing signs of waterfowl nesting. A standardized survey form was reviewed and returned to John for the same data collection on islands throughout the state.

E. Administration

J. Clark Salyer WMD and NWR are administered out of the same office but are considered separate stations. Efforts to move the WMD office to Rugby have been squelched pending a change in the political climate and the funding situation.

1. Personnel

Front Row from left to right: Berg (3), Opdahl (7), Zeretzke (10), Latendresse (11), and Esllnger (6). Back Row from left to right: Badke (8), Giese (2), West (5), Walls (1), and Benson (9). Gutkze (A) not pictured,

1. Darold T, Walls, Refuge Manager, GS-12, PFT 2. Fred G. Giese, Assistant Refuge Manager, GS-11, PFT 3. William J, Berg, Wetlands Manager, GS-9, PFT 4. Theodore W. Gutzke, Assistant Refuge Manager, GS-9, PFT,

Transferred 7/8/84 5. William L. West, Refuge Manager Trainee, GS-5, PFT, EOD 10/14/84 6. Gary A. Eslinger, Biological Technician, GS-7, PFT 7. Wanda L. Opdahl, Refuge Assistant, GS-6, PFT 8. Raymond F. Badke, Automotive Mechanic, WG-10, PFT 9. Hamilton S. Benson, Maintenance Worker, WG-7, CS, 4/29/84-12/23/84 10. Edwin C. Zeretzke, Motor Vehicle Operator, WG-7, CS, 1/1/84-3/18/84

and 4/29/84-12/31/84 11. Leo J. Latendresse, Engineer Equipment Operator, WG-8, CS,

3/18/84-12/23/84

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The WMD has one full-time Wetlands Manager along with a full-time Biological Technician position which is shared with the refuge. Maintenance personnel assist with vehicle upkeep and the Refuge Assistant handles the clerical work.

Seasonal employees from left to right; Grabow (2), Peterson (1) and Freund (3).

1. Jay F. Peterson, Biological Technician, GS-5, 5/29-12/31/84 2. Mike L. Grabow, Biological Aid, GS-3, 5/14-9/12/84 3. Timothy J. Freund, Biological Aid, GS-3, 5/29-9/15/84

FTE trends for the WMD are shown below;

Permanent Summer Full-Time Temporary

FY-7 8 1.69 0 FY-7 9 1.25 0 FY-80 1.58 .9 FY-81 1.66 .6 FY-8 2 1.51 0 FY-83 1.80 .9 FY-8 4 1.75 1.2

5. Funding

Funding and manpower continue to be a problem for the 22,192 fee-acre and 118,366 easement wetland acre management district. Increased oil well

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activity and continued involvement in drainage projects has detracted from other routine management activities. Funding for equipment needs appear to be brighter with several pieces of equipment scheduled to be purchased in the next few years.

6. Safety

Regularly scheduled safety meetings are held monthly for both WMD and NWR staff.

1. General

Overall conditions on private farmland were good going into the 84/85 winter (in comparison to the usual amount of black dirt). Dry fall conditions prevented many landowners from working fields black before freeze-up. At the end of year snow white stubble fields were common rather than the wind swept fallow fields that are normally prevalent in North Dakota, Increased sunflower acreage over last year provided excellent winter feed for resident wildlife.

Last spring's high winds caused excessive soil erosion problems in parts of the district. Light soils and no residual cover literally buried about two acres of a native seeding on Boreson WPA in Bottineau County. It is ironic that this landowner also filed a weed complaint on this same tract of land later in the summer.

F. Habitat Management

month of May. 6/84, WJB.

West side of Boreson WPA buried with top soil from adjacent private land during high winds in the

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2. Wetlands

Data compiled during spring pair counts indicated that wetlands were only 61 percent full going into breeding season. This is the third lowest reading for the last ten years, due to several factors. Dry conditions were present in most areas of the district going into freeze-up in the fall of 1983. Only light precipitation fell during the winter and therefore runoff was low in the spring. Heavy precipitation in April provided good water levels in wetlands. Dry, windy conditions in Hay reduced these levels to only fair conditions.

Water levels during the summer continued to deteriorate due to below normal precipitation and high temperatures. By the end of August many of the larger Type IV's and some lakes were either dry or had very little water. These conditions persisted into September, An inspection of Volk WPA (Rolette County) on September 23 revealed that only two of the numerous Type IV's had a small amount of water. All other wetlands on the unit were dry.

Heavy precipitation during the fall helped to improve the drastically low levels in district wetlands. But more importantly, soil moisture levels at freeze-up were high enough for good prospects of runoff next spring.

There are no water control structures on Service lands within the WMD, Staff gauges are monitored on seven easement refuges, four WPA's, and two easements. Water levels on WPA's and easements are being documented to evaluate the impacts that are occurring or will occur due to drainage projects or ground water withdrawals.

3. Forests

Eight WPA's in the Turtle Mountains have native stands of burr oak, green ash and aspen. The agreement with Lake Metigoshe State Park to cut aspen in a l-acre checkerboard pattern was continued in 1984. This management is designed to improve ruffed grouse and white-tailed deer habitat.

The remaining acreage of woodland on WPA's in the district consists of shelterbelts and farmstead plantings. There are a total of 807 acres of woodlands on the 114 management units.

4. Croplands

Cooperative farming agreements were carried out on five WPA's in 1984 Following is a list of the units, acreages and purpose of farming.

Unit Acres Purpose

Weinrebe Kuntz Twin Lakes Beatty Mikes Peak Mikes Peak

41 35 22 20 18 29

Farmed for 1986 DNC seeding Farmed for 1986 DNC seeding Farmed for winter food plot Farmed for winter food plot Cropped for winter food plot Seeded to DNC with nurse crop

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The 18 acres of corn on Mikes Peak, half of which is intended for a winter food plot, did very well due to heavy precipitation in late July. An inspection in December revealed good use by resident species such as pheasant and deer. The 29-acre field seeded to DNC showed poor results due to dry conditions at planting, through early summer.

All of the other units listed are new areas that were selected for future DNC or food plot areas. The farming on these units consisted of breaking the soil in preparation for cropping in 1985.

5• Grasslands

Native grasses were seeded on a total of 55 acres at Round Lake and Boyer WPA's. A mixture of big bluestem, Indian grass, and switchgrass was seeded at Boyer. Pure switchgrass was seeded at Round Lake. Both areas were treated with Roundup before seeding and with 2-4,D later in the summer for weed control. Both fields showed fairly good growth even though moisture conditions were short, particularly later in the summer.

The 1983 native grass seedings, totalling 110 acres on Mikes Peak and Herd Lake WPA's, were treated with 2-4,D or Atrazine during the summer to reduce competition from weeds. The field at Herd Lake was mowed by Zeretzke to a height of four inches prior to chemical application. A 45-acre field at Long Lake WPA was force account farmed during the year. This field is scheduled for native grasses in 1985.

7 • Grazing

One grazing permit was issued during the year for Boreson WPA. The native prairie on this unit was grazed early in the spring to reduce competition from cool season grasses with warm season natives.

8. Haying

A total of eight haying permits were issued during 1984. Six of these were reimbursement for farming. Generally, fields farmed for DNC are hayed prior to breaking in order to shorten the farming period and to make use of the hay for better public relations. Also, on those units with food plots the farmer receives only half of the crop and the hay is used as part of his share. •

The remaining two permits were issued primarily for removal of lowland hay on Leraer and Cottonwood Lake WPA's. At Cottonwood the cooperator left 20 round bales evenly distributed in the marsh to provide nesting sites for ducks and, hopefully, giant Canada geese in 1985.

9. Fire Management

On May 23 a 71-acre native prairie area was burned at Horseshoe Lake. On May 29 a 64-acre pure switch grass seeding on the same unit was burned along with some adjacent tame and native grassland. The native prairie

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was burned to reduce competition from Kentucky bluegrass. The 2-3 year old switchgrass seeding was burned to stimulate overall growth. Only fair response was noted on both areas due to subsequent dry conditions during the growing season.

Plans for burning on other units were cancelled due to strong, unpredictable winds that occurred during the burning season.

A wildfire resulted from the prescribed burn at Horseshoe Lake due to ignition of sub-surface sheep manure at the site of an old farmstead. The fire erupted a week after the burn. The area was dozed over with two caterpillars and wet down with 1,000 gallons of water in hopes of extinguishing the burning matter. However the area reignited in early August and had to be extinguished a second time.

Prescribed burn at Horseshoe Lake WPA ignited subsurface manure at old farmsite that erupted into a wildfire two months later, 6/84 , CAE.

10. Pest Control

Leafy spurge and Canada thistle control efforts were carried out on 25 management units in 1984, Ground spraying began on June 15 and was completed by July 10. Several units were treated by air on June 4 and on July 10. In addition to noxious weed control three units were treated with atrazlne or roundup to facilitate native grass seedings. Following is a list of noxious weed control efforts in the 5-county district.

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Gallons Applied Unit # Species Ester LV-6 Tordon 22K Acres

McHenry County

4 Spurge 1 pint/acre 1 pint/acre 8.0

4 Spurge 1 quart/acre 1 quart/acre 2.0


Bottineau County




14 Spurge 1 quart/acre 1 quart/acre .5

Pierce County


8 Spurge 1 pint/acre 1 pint/acre None


21 Spurge 1 pint/acre 1 pint/acre .1











Rolette County

2 Spurge & Thistle 1 pint/acre 1 pint/acre 2.0





25 Spurge 1 pint/acre 1 pint/acre * 2.0

2 Spurge & Thistle 1 quart/acre 1 quart/acre .1






TOTAL 82.75

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II. Water Rights

Hurricane Lake

The Hurricane Lake drainage project continues to make progress with very little concern for FWS interests. All work on the outlet channel has been completed except for about 3/4 mile of dredging which will transect several acres of wetlands covered by a FWS easement. In the fall of 1983 about 60 acres of "protected wetlands" were drained by the Joint Water Boards. Field offices had no knowledge that the work was being conducted until after the fact. This work continues with no known mitigation being proposed by the water boards for the easements or the 560-acre waterfowl production area on the north end of Hurricane Lake, Without structural modifications that will allow this part of Hurricane Lake to recharge with backup water from the main body of the lake, the WPA will revert to a cattail choked marsh with less value to waterfowl. Until the political climate changes wetland drainage projects such as Hurricane Lake will continue with no concern for FWS interests or other wetland resources.

Russell Diversion

The Russell Diversion Project will finally be heard in a court of law. On February 12, 1985 a pre-trial conference was held at which time a trial date was set for July 10, 1985. Public interest in this project remains high with outcome of the trial no doubt having a significant impact on many other drain projects in the state.

Holsten Slough

At year's end little progress had been made on the Holsten Slough restoration project. The latest hang-up is a drainage ditch that will have to be constructed on private land adjacent to the WPA. This ditch would drain two Type III wetlands that presently drain onto the WPA. Project designs call for a dike that would prevent the drainage of these two wetlands. Portions of the project will involve Boundary Creek Water Management Board and private lands so all of their concerns must be resolved before they approve the project. Since federal dollars cannot be used to construct private wetland drainage ditches the project has been submitted to Ducks Unlimited for possible funding.

White Spur Drain and Brander Drain

Combined these projects will drain approximately 7,000 acres of wetlands in Bottineau County. Both projects are in holding status pending the outcome of the Russell Diversion lawsuit.

13. WPA Easement Monitoring

Easement surveillance was conducted in the spring of 1984. Twenty-four violations were confirmed following ground checks. At year's end all but eight had been completely restored. Six of the eight had been restored but needed more fill removed from the wetland or needed more fill in the ditch. One violation is going to court and the other will require another contact with the landowner. In addition to last year's

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violations, one 1978 violation was restored along with a 1980 violation. The 1980 violation consisted of four tree fills and three scraper ditches on Bottineau easement 42x in the Turtle Mountains. All but one tree fill had been removed prior to this fall. Conditions were finally dry enough to allow restoration work with a dozer. Although the landowner had an operator remove the trees, he also had him construct a 1 1/2' by 12' by 100' ditch which effectively drained the same wetland. Following construction of the ditch the fill was pushed to either side and live trees were dropped across the ditch for concealment. Both the landowner and dozer operator denied draining the marsh but neither could think of an excuse for dropping live trees across the ditch. The individual was given 72 hours to restore the wetland and after doing so was issued a $100 FOC.

After several years the landowner finally removed the fill from this easement wetland. Closer Inspection revealed a ditch constructed in the process, with the tree fill used to camouflage the work. Easement 42x, Rolette County, 9/84, CAE. •

Oil well activities appeared to stabilize in 1984. A total of twelve sites were inspected for possible conflicts with easement wetlands. Ten of the twelve sites involved wetlands. Three of those required that the drilling site be moved to avoid basins. Seven of the ten required that either spoil piles be placed where a fill violation would not occur or that roads be relocated to avoid basins. Even though one violation occurred when we were not notified, there has been a vast improvement in cooperation over the past three years. Many companies are contacting us before they receive notice that we have an easement on the drilling sites. Informational letters, easement maps and field contacts have tremendously improved our working relationship with oil companies. Even though in court the majority of our easement rights would be subordinate

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to the mineral rights, the mineral companies have been very cooperative in protecting our interests.

Our work with oil companies sometimes overlaps onto non-easement lands. Even though these wetlands were not covered by an easement the company chose to avoid them. (NESE, Section 18, T. 161, R. 86), 6/84, WJB.

Cooperation from oil companies has improved immensely over the past few years. On Renville 75x (NENE, Section 18, T. 161, R. 86) the road, pipeline and pad were all placed to avoid the wetland basin. 6/84, WJB.

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G. Wildlife

2. Endangered or Threatened Species

In April one unconfirmed sighting of a whooping crane was reported in the Gardens area of Bottineau County, ,

3, Waterfowl

The first major spring migration of waterfowl in the district was on April 6 when 500 white-fronted geese and 50 swans were observed in a wetland north of Velva in McHenry County,

A total of 576 duck pairs were counted in the quarter-section sample areas during the annual pair count census. This computed to about 13,170 young produced on fee acres in the WMD. To arrive at these figures, a 35 percent productivity rate was used along with an average brood size of 6.5 young. Productivity rates are arrived at by using several nesting studies that are ongoing around the state. Average brood size is estimated from actual observation data from the refuge and the 5-county district. Total young were up 40 percent from last year.

In addition to the regular counts we made duck pair counts using the Cowardin model on five 4-square mile areas in Rolette, Pierce, Bottineau and Renville Counties. Three areas were the same ones surveyed in 1983 with two new areas added in Pierce and Rolette Counties. The new areas in Pierce County had the highest number of pairs recorded probably due to higher quality wetlands in that block. In comparing the data on the three areas that were surveyed both in 1983 and 1984 a decrease of 62 percent in duck pairs was noted. This could be attributed to the drier conditions prevailing this spring. However this does not agree with information gathered from the regular quarter-section counts. Duck pairs on these areas showed no decrease when compared to last year. One reason for this might be that wetlands on waterfowl production areas are generally more permanent than those on private land and do not fluctuate to the degree private wetlands do.

Model Predications of Recruits Produced J, Clark Salyer WMD

Private Easement Federal(a) Total

Mallard 18,901 1,990 Gadwall 13,222 911 B.W. Teal 29,510 2,357 Pintail 16,212 1,754 Shoveler 8.565 492

1,188 956

1,990 629 844

22,079 15,089 33,857 18,595 9,901

Total 1984 86,410 7,504 5,607 99,521

Total 1983 180,703 25,394 3,260 209,357

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Canada goose production for 1984 in the WMD was estimated at 60 birds. Most of the nesting occurred on natural sites. Of the 34 structures available for nesting only three showed signs of goose use. All of these were on units in the Turtle Mountains. Random observations in July indicated young birds at Mikes Peak, Ghost Valley, Beatty, Horseshoe Lake, Russell Township, and Sandhill Crane WPA's.

Aerial waterfowl counts were made during the fall and revealed the following peak concentrations:

WPA Snow Geese Canadas Ducks Swans

Horseshoe 1,200 10 200 200 Round Lake 8,300 75 500 130 Hurricane 24,000 5,600 4,000 150 Boreson 9,500 1,500 20 Little Gurr 3,400 300 2,000 900 Lords 17,500 5,000

Higher numbers of snow geese were concentrated at Hurricane Lake WPA this year. 10/84, GAE.

For the first time in a number of years a heavy migration of white-fronted geese was observed in the fall. On October 13 and 14 up to 5,000 birds per day were observed flying south over Upham in high migrating flocks. Although most of the birds did not stop to rest in this area it was encouraging to observe the once formerly abundant fall migrant at least flying over.

Page 18

The greatest number of snow geese counted in the entire WMD was 72,300 on October 23. This buildup occurred just a few days before a cold front moved through the state on October 27• By October 28 most birds had moved south due to cold temperatures and water areas freezing over.

On October 30 a few open water pockets at Willow Lake NWR and Twin Lakes WPA held about 50 swans. This was the last day waterfowl were observed in the district.

4. Marsh and Water Birds

The first spring migrant observed in this category was a great blue heron on April 6 in a wetland north of Towner.

On April 26, during the spring snowstorm, 150 marbled godwits were observed in hay meadow wetlands southwest of Towner,

Twelve horned grebes were observed at Elbow Lake WPA on May 31 and 2 rednecked grebes were sighted at Aylmer Lake on June 5 during spring pair counts.

5. Shorebirds, Gulls and Terns

A major shorebird migration occurred in the district during the week of May 10. Lesser yellowlegs, long-billed dowitchers, pectoral sandpipers, Wilson's phalaropes and various peep were abundant in small wetlands near Mohall,

On June 7, during spring pair counts, 20 black-billed plovers were sighted at Christensen Lake WPA.

The first fall migrant was a lesser yellowleg at Russel Township BLM WPA on July 11.

6. Raptors

A golden eagle was sighted at Cruden WPA on January 12 and a bald eagle was observed at Denbigh WPA on November 14,

On October 30 a rough-legged hawk was observed on Twin Lakes WPA.

The last observation of a snowy owl in the spring was on March 20 and the first fall observation was on October 29.

8. Game Mammals

White-tailed deer continued to be abundant across the district during 1984, In order to provide adequate food to sustain these animals during the winter nine large round wheat bales were distributed during November to West Ghost Valley, Long Lake (Pierce), Foster, and Freelander WPA's,

According to the North Dakota Game and Fish Department's last survey moose density in the Turtle Mountains has now reached ,91 animals per

Page 19

square mile. This is the highest density in recent years and prompted the Game and Fish Department to conduct the first moose season there. No reports of moose actually taken on any of the WPA's in this area were received, however.

10. Other Resident Wildlife

a. Resident Birds

According to surveys made during 1984 by the North Dakota Game and Fish Department upland game birds again showed variable rates of production.

Sharp-tailed grouse in the WMD showed a 5 percent decrease from 1983 during the spring census, a 10 percent decrease in reproduction and a 3 percent decrease in fall hunter success.

Ruffed grouse are present on WPA's in the Turtle Mountains. The spring drumming counts showed a 13 percent increase from last year and fall hunter success showed a 48 percent increase from last year. This species now appears to be recovering from the low end of their cycle,

Hungarian partridge in the WMD had a good year with increases in all categories. The spring census was up 25 percent from 1983, reproduction up 40 percent and fall hunter success up 50 percent. Observations of these birds was rather common in the district during the fall and early winter.

Ring-necked pheasants are present in localized areas of the WMD and continue to maintain good numbers due primarily to the absence of severe blizzards for a number of years. Pheasants were observed on Hurricane Lake, Mikes Peak, Long Lake (Pierce), and Beatty WPA's.

b. Furbearers

Fox populations appeared to increase district-wide during 1984 even as coyotes continued to expand their range. During June DFA Kitzman reported five fox dens on Mikes Peak WPA. Most WPA's in the southern half of Pierce and McHenry Counties are located in coyote country. Coyotes or coyote tracks were observed at Herd Lake, Ghost Valley, Horseshoe Lake and Long Lake WPA's where only two years ago fox were common. The increasing coyote population has no doubt helped improve waterfowl production in many area.

12. Wildlife Propagation and Stocking

In early July a night-lighting banding operation for Canada geese was conducted on J, Clark Salyer Refuge in order to transplant young of the year birds to various waterfowl production areas in northern Pierce County, The operation was highly successful and after three nights a total of 142 were banded, 93 of which were released on Horseshoe Lake, Cruden and Herd Lake WPA's. Twenty-five new goose structures were erected in December, mainly on units in the same area where the releases

Page 20

were made. A similar release made in southern Pierce County in 1982 was successful with at least two broods being raised on one unit where the birds were released two years prior.

Wetland Manager Berg opening holding pen gate to release young Canada geese trapped at J. Clark Salyer Refuge. 7/4/84, GES

This flock of birds was released at Herd Lake WPA. Some adults were included with each group. 7/4/84, GES

Page 21

H, Public Use

7. Other Interpretive Programs

Wetlands Manager Berg, Assistant Refuge Manager Giese and Biological Technician Eslinger presented a hunter safety course in May. A total of 20 kids between the ages of 11 and 14 were certified. For pictures and more details see J. Clark Salyer NWR 1984 narrative report. ,

8. Hunting

a. Waterfowl

Hunting accounts for the majority of total visits on WPA's. Even though most waterfowl hunting was over after the October 27 storm, hunting success was better due to good snow goose production and iraclimate weather throughout the season. Reports from Canada indicated up to 39 percent immature birds in the fall flight which increased hunting success over last year.

b. Upland Game

Reports from hunters indicated that sharp-tailed grouse hunting was spotty during the early parts of the season. Besides lower production the cool wet weather on opening weekend (September 15) no doubt had an influence on hunting success. Huntable numbers of pheasants do exist on several WPA's in the district. Hurricane Lake and Long Lake WPA's have the best populations with some hunting pressure occurring on these units. Hungarian partridge hunting does occur throughout the five counties. Most partridge hunting is done incidental with other forms of hunting.

c. Deer

The 1984 deer season opened at noon on November 9 and ran until November 25. This was the first year that the entire district was open to the 16 1/2 day season. Hunting success was up over last year with about a 75 percent success rate. Hunting pressure opening weekend was noticeable lower probably due to the longer season.

9. Fishing

Fishing occurs on School Section Lake NWR, Rabb Lake NWR, Cottonwood Lake NWR, Buffalo Lake NWR and Beatty WPA. Good success was reported on School Section Lake NWR where up to 6-pound northerns were caught in early summer, Cottonwood Lake also provided some recreation with up to 1-pound perch being caught throughout the winter.

10. Trapping

Trapping is second to hunting in public use activity on refuge lands in the district. Most units receive some trapping pressure with muskrats and fox being the most sought after species. Trapping activity was down this year due to lower fur prices and wet fall weather.

Page 22

17. Law Enforcement

Less man-hours were spent on law enforcement activities in the district due to a shortage of staff with L.E. authority. Most enforcement was centered around the J. Clark Salyer NWR. For a summary these activities see the refuge NR. The following FOC's were written in the WMD during 1984.

Violation Fine

16 USC 668(dd)(c) Knowingly violating easement control $200(2)

20.21(b) Unlawful taking MGB with shotgun capable $50(1) of holding more than three shells

26.21(a) Unauthorized entry and use on NWR area $25(1)

In addition assistance was given to law enforcement personnel on a border check set up on two ports of entry along the Canadian line. During four days of 24-hour surveillance, 48 violation notices were Issued to fisherman returning from Canada.

I. Equipment and Facilities

2. Rehabilitation

Boundary posting and marking was completed on 20 management units in the WMD. Minor fence repair was done on Burube and Denbigh WPA's where cattle tresspass has been a problem in the past.

3. Major Maintenance

For a complete list of maintenance activities see refuge NR.

4. Equipment Utilization and Replacement

Mechanic Ray Badke built an ATV trailer to assist with posting and fencing. In May a Truax drill was purchased for native grass seeding in the WMD.

J. Other Items

1. Cooperative Programs

Wetlands Manager Berg assisted the St. Paul Office of the Corp of Engineers in resolving a 404 violation on Hurricane Lake. Two weeks after the first violation was resolved another one occurred about 1/2 mile from the first one.

Page 23

Section 404 violation on east side of Hurricane Lake. Landowner is attempting to dike off several hundred acres of marsh for farmland. 10/84, WJB.

Field checks for ES in Bismarck were conducted on two road projects in Renville and Pierce Counties.

Personnel also assisted in the collection of pair count data for Bismarck ES in the state-wide waterfowl stream survey.

Assistance was given to Garrison Diversion Commission staff in a review of potential irrigation lands in McHenry County.

4. Credits

Wanda Opdahl assembled and typed this report. Gary Eslinger wrote Sections B, F, G and the easement refuge reports. Bill Berg wrote the remainder. Darold Walls edited this report.

K. Feedback

Cooperation with oil companies to resolve wetland easement conflicts is encouraging. Many companies have chosen to initiate the contact before we have notified them of the easement contract. This resulted in only one violation of an easement contract due to oil and gas development in

1984.

Public involvement in wetland resource issues remains high throughout the WMD. Contacts with private landowners and media people indicate that there is an increased awareness of wetland resource values that

Page 24

previously were unrecognized. The legalization of wetland drainage projects still remains politically biased but increased public involvement renders some hope for the future.

Page 25

Lords Lake NWR

This easement refuge Is located on the Bottineau - Rolette County line and has a total of 1,915 acres, all closed to hunting. The large brackish lake, which is separated by a township road, provides a resting area for large numbers of snow geese and other waterfowl that stop mainly in the fall. An average of 15,000 snow geese were present during the month of October, the same as last year. A peak of 17,500 snow geese occurred on October 17. These are very low numbers compared to peaks of 50-75,000 birds that occurred 5-10 years ago. This is apparently due to a westward and more widespread distribution of snow geese during fall migrations.

Boundary signs remained in good condition during the year.

Water levels in the spring of 1984 were near 1983 levels. By late summer the levels had dropped over one foot due to the summer drought.

Willow Lake NWR

This easement refuge of 2,619 acres is located in the Turtle Mountains of Rolette County. The FWS owns 228 acres of the refuge purchased under the small wetlands acquisition program. The Service prohibits hunting within the boundaries and also maintains the water rights on the large lake found thereon.

A cabin, garage and outhouse is located on a 2-acre tract owned by the Service. Under a cooperative agreement with North Dakota State University (Bottineau Branch) this site plus the 228 acres of WPA is used for environmental education projects.

Both goose structures on the WPA portion of the lake were filled with new nesting material in February, One structure showed signs of a goose nesting attempt.

The white pelican and cormorant rookery on the island in the southwest portion of the lake was active again this year. On July 12 there were 573 flightless cormorants and 91 flightless white pelicans counted on the island. These numbers are approximately half of those found last year. Also on this date 14 western grebes were counted, 10 of which were young birds.

Water levels in 1984 averaged one foot below those of 1983.

All boundary signs were in good condition during an inspection in October.

Rabb Lake NWR

This 260-acre easement refuge is located adjacent to the Canadian border in the northwestern corner of Rolette County.

The FWS controls hunting and water rights on the area. The refuge is covered with an aspen and green ash forest, the dominant habitat type of

Page 26

the Turtle Mountains. The adjacent state game management area, along with Rabb Lake, provides excellent migratory habitat for diving ducks, especially canvasbacks.

Rabb Lake is the most remote of all our easement refuges and is accessible only during good weather conditions. The remoteness of the area accounts for otherwise uncommon bird species such as red-necked grebes and broad-winged hawks.

The water level of the lake stabilized during 1984 after a continuous rise since the spring of 1982.

Boundary signs were found in good condition during an inspection in October.

School Section Lake National Wildlife Refuge

This 680-acre unit is Rolette County is over 60 percent woodland with the remaining portion water. The lake was a popular fishing area at one time but has become marginal in recent years due to increased eutrophication.

The FWS controls the hunting rights and the right to maintain the water elevation of the lake at 89.6.

The North Dakota Game and Fish Department owns 640 acres of this unit while the other 40 is in private ownership.

This unit provides excellent diving duck habitat, as do Willow and Rabb Lake NWR's located 5 to 7 miles away. The upland cover is good habitat for ruffed grouse and white-tailed deer.

Water levels in 1984 were near normal levels.

Buffalo Lake National Wildlife Refuge

This 2,070-acre easement refuge is located in southern Pierce County along the southern overflow valley to ancient glacial Lake Souris.

The service owns 24 acres in fee title. Of the fee title 2.5 acres along the southeast shore are under a special use permit with United Penticostal Church Camp. •

When the refuge was established, a spillway and rubble masonary culvert were placed in the county road to create a lake. A relief spillway, diversion dike and a diversion ditch were installed to provide additional waters to the lake from an adjacent watershed.

During the 1960's the local sportsmen's club repaired the spillway with concrete and raised the lake level two feet.

A state dam inspector contacted us during the spring of 1984 and advised of erosion around the inlet at the south end of the lake. An inspection of the area showed some erosion but not severe unless unattended. The neighboring farmer was contacted and agreed to haul rock from an adjacent

Page 27

field to the eroding area. This agreement was mutually beneficial since it provided an area for the farmer's rocks and also corrected the erosion problem at no cost to the taxpayer. An inspection of the area in October revealed an excellent job of riprapping the eroding area.

The North Dakota Game and Fish Department stocks the lake with fish in cooperation with the local sportsmen's club. The area receives year-round fishing pressure with poor success. Poor reproduction caused by heavy pollution from agricultural chemicals and fertilirer runoff is believed to be the primary problem.

Water levels were slightly below those of last year.

Cottonwood Lake National Wildlife Refuge

This 1,031-acre easement refuge is located in southern Mcllenry County. When the refuge was established a diversion ditch, relief spillway, and outlet spillway were constructed. Since that time the relief spillway was blown out and the outlet spillway has been repaired by the Butte Sportsmen's Club, A new outlet spillway was put in by the sportsman's club in 1983.

The large, open lake is a popular fishing area for local people.

Water levels are measured at the outlet spillway. Levels were near those measured last year.

Wintering River National Wildlife Refuge

This 239-acre easement refuge is also located in southern McHenry County. The Service owns 160 acres of the refuge purchased under the small wetlands acquisitions program. This is our only easement refuge with Type IV wetland habitat, rather than open water or Type V# The unit has a diversion ditch and dike creating the 157-acre marsh.

Plans for a new spillway were prepared by Denver Engineering in FY-84. The project will be constructed in FY-85, after being washed out for several years.

The new dike remains in good condition.

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J. CLARK SALYER WETLAND

MANAGEMENT DISTRICT NORTH DAKOTA

Waterfowl Production Area

BOUNDARY

U.S. Fish &Wildlife Service Department of the Interior

Consult Manager for current regulations

WATERFOWL PRODUCTION

AREA

4 4

Purchased With Ouck Stamp Dollars

. OPEN . TO PUBLIC HUNTING

U . S . O C P A R T M C N T O F T H E I N T E R I O R

F I S H A N D W I L D L I F E S E R V I C E

McHENRY COUNTY

WATERFOWL PRODUCTION AREAS

are open in the fall to public hunting except where occasionally posted otherwise. Upland game birds and big game may be hunted and furbearers trapped, in accordance with applicable federal and state laws.

McHENRY COUNTY WPA's 1. Abel 2. Alkali Lake 3. Cottonwood Lake 4. Denbigh 5. Eidmann C. 6. Eidmann F. 7. Freelander 8. Gustafson 9. Heer

10. Johnson 11. Keller 12. Knutson 13. Kuntz 14. Lee 15. Lemer 16. Martin 17. Merbach 18. Mikes Peak 19. Regstad 20. Rieder 21. Spichke 22. Volk 23. Wintering River 24. Ziech 25. Ziegler 26. Black

PIERCE COUNTY

PIERCE COUNTY WPA's 1. Avocet 2. Aylmer Lake 3. Balta 4. Black 5. Bluestem 6. Boyer 7. Bullrush

Christenson Lake 9. Clear Lake

10. Cruden 11. Diddle Lake 12. East Antelope Lake 13. Elverum 14. Gross 15. Grove 16. Herd Lake 17. Hillside 18. Hong 19. Horseshoe Lake 20. Hurricane Lake 21. Juanita 22. Kilgore Lake 23. Kittilson 24. Sandhill Crane 25. Long Lake 26. Meyer 27. Mitigation 28. Needle Grass 29. Orrin 30. Red Lake 31. Reno Valley 32. Round Lake 33. Rush Lake 34. Saline Slough 35. Salt Flats 36. Sandpiper 37. Sandreed 38. Schall 39. Seil 40. Silva 41. Smokey Lake 42. Square Lake 43. Torgerson Marsh 44. Volk 45. West Antelope Lake 46. Wildrose 47. Winter 48. Elbow Lake 49. Ghost Valley 50. Buffalo Lake

J. CLARK SALYER WETLAND MANAGEMENT DISTRICT Upham, …

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