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JO
RD
AN
RI
VE
R
DE
AD
SE
A
0 10 20
Kilometers
I s r a e l
Palestinian Nationa l AuthorityMinistry of Planning
Geographic Center and Technical SupportMay 2006
Legend
Palestinian Water ResourcesWater Aquifer Water Well Field
po Palestinian WellBuilt Up Areas
Israeli ColonyPalestinian Built Up Area
Expansion and Separation Wall (April '06)*Constructed WallWall Under ConstructionProjected WallRoad ProtectionRoute Subject to Completion
4 44 Special Security Arrangement
Borders4th June 1967 Border LineInternat ional BordersJordan River
1. Palestinian Water Authority2. Negotiations Support Unit
Sources:
West Bank
Med
it er r
anea
nS
ea
Jord
anEgypt
Israel
Gaza Str ip
EasternAqui fer
Wester nAqui fer
NortheasternAqui fer
* Wall Route Based on Israeli Government Map Published 30 Apr il 2006
Israeli Separation Walland the
Water Resources
For more information, please contact Mark Langfan at (212) 832-0200 or email [email protected].
PLEXIGLA
SS PIECES’ U
SES
MED
ITERR
ANEAN
GR
EEN
SALT WATER
SALT WATER
SALT WATER
ABC
ABC
FUN
CTIO
N O
F AQ
UIFER
S
FRESH
WATER
SEA
TOP VIEW
OF C
OASTAL AR
EA
aa
a
b WESTER
NSAM
ARIAN
HILLS
TEL
CO
ASTLIN
E
AVIV
TELAVIV
TELAVIV
Figure 2. Saline/Fresh Water Balance/
Imbalance. A
pplicable to Judea & Sam
aria(W
estbank) and Israeli coastal aquifersA
.Salt w
ater pushes in.B.
Fresh water pushes out.
Consequently, there currently exists abalance of saline/fresh w
ater in theIsraeli coastal aquifer.(In a dem
onstration the plexi pieces canbe m
oved back and forth to convey senseof balancing and equilibrium
.)C.
If the Palestinians use the fresh water
that falls in the West Bank that now
flows freely into the Israeli coastal
aquifers, the balance will be destroyed
and salt water w
ill push in and destroythe Israeli coastal aquifer.
Figure 4. Water issues - R
oof/Gutter
analogy. Applicable to the G
olanH
eights and Judea & Sam
ariaA
. Rain falls on mountains (roof).
B.Rainw
ater flows dow
n mountain
range into fertile valley (as off roofw
ithout a gutter).C.
Rainwater can be held back by A
rabdam
s functioning as a gutter,preventing the w
ater from irrigating
the Israeli agricultural areas.
Ein Gev
TiberiasSea of G
alilee– 695 ft.– 212 m
.
2,300 ft.700 m
.
GALILEE
GOLANHEIGHTS
CURRENT 1967/1974 CEASEFIRE LINE
ACME OF HEIGHTS
"GREEN LINE" 1948 CEASEFIRE LINE
West
East
Figure 3. The Golan H
eights as Israel'sStrategic "W
atershed" and "Perch."
PLEXI PIECES
ab
c
Figure 1. The three basic Plexi Pieces.
MO
UN
TAIN
RAIN
a
c
MO
UN
TAIN
VALLEY
cFRESH W
ATERa
MO
UN
TAIN
FRESH WATER
GU
TTER
cb
a
SIDE VIEW
OF M
OU
NTAIN
AREA
ABC
ABC
RA
IN W
ATER
CO
LLECTIO
N
Still, unused potential water resources are few
, except for those of W
estern Samaria that feed the aquifers of the Israeli coastal plain and are vital
for the Israeli economy. A
ny mas s ive in te rf er en ce w
ith the nat ur al flo w
of the se res ou rc e s t owa rd t he co ast al p lain could n ot on ly dep rive
that d en sely in ha bite d a n d cu lt ivate d r e gion of a s ubst ant ial p art of it s w
at er re s o urces , b ut co uld a lso ca us e serious d amage t o th e
e xistin g e quilibr iu m vis-a -vis salin e se a w
at er in p ar ts o f the aq uif er in t he vic inity of t he Is ra eli co ast line .
In recent years Israel's water consum
ption has totaled an average of 1.8 m
illion cubic meters per annum
; of this, agriculture consumed approxim
ately 1.3 m
illion cubic meters. The aquifers of the coastal plain are fed to a great extent
by rain water falling on the w
estern slopes of the Samarian Highlands. These
waters
percolate through
pervious rock
formations
westw
ard into
the groundw
ater resources of the coastal plain, and provide 300-350 million cubic
meters,
or 1
7-1
9
percent of
the total
annual w
ater supply.
We re
a P ale stin ian
Ara b
politic al e n tit y
t o d eve lo p
an e ff e ctive
mode rn
s ystem of w
ells on t he wes te rn f ring es of t h e W
e st B ank (a f e w
kilomete rs ea st of th e p re se nt w
es te rn bo u ndar y of th e West Ba nk) ,
Isr ae l wou ld ha ve t o fin d alt ern a tive s our ce s f or a large quan t ity of
water
that flo w
s fr ee ly
int o its
te rr itory and
u p on w
hic h t he
p opula tion an d agr icult ure o f t he Isr ae li c o ast al p lain d ep e nd t o a lar ge extent.
The West Bank and Gaza: Geographic and Dem
ographic Background pg, 200-201– The Jaffe Center for Strategic Studies, Tel Aviv University, 1989.
Figure 3 and 4: The topographical slope and comm
anding position ofthe G
olan Heights is key to understanding their suprem
e strategic valueas Israel's "W
atershed" and as the strategic "Perch" overlooking the upperG
alilee and the entire North of Israel (see also Figure 5). The Plexi Pieces
make it possible to explain these issues in a clear m
anner.
PLEXIG
LASS PIEC
ES’ USES
MED
ITERR
ANEAN
GR
EEN
SALT WATER
SALT WATER
SALT WATER
ABC
ABC
FUN
CTIO
N O
F AQ
UIFER
S
FRESH
WATER
SEA
TOP VIEW
OF C
OASTAL AR
EA
aa
a
b WESTER
NSAM
ARIAN
HILLS
TEL
CO
ASTLIN
E
AVIV
TELAVIV
TELAVIV
Figure 2. Saline/Fresh Water B
alance/Im
balance. Applicable to Judea &
Samaria
(Westbank) and Israeli coastal aquifers
A.
Salt water pushes in.
B.Fresh w
ater pushes out.C
onsequently, there currently exists abalance of saline/fresh w
ater in theIsraeli coastal aquifer.(In a dem
onstration the plexi pieces canbe m
oved back and forth to convey senseof balancing and equilibrium
.)C
.If the Palestinians use the fresh w
aterthat falls in the W
est Bank that nowflow
s freely into the Israeli coastalaquifers, the balance w
ill be destroyedand salt w
ater will push in and destroy
the Israeli coastal aquifer.
Figure 4. Water issues - R
oof/Gutter
analogy. Applicable to the G
olanH
eights and Judea & Sam
ariaA
. Rain falls on m
ountains (roof).B.
Rainw
ater flows dow
n mountain
range into fertile valley (as off roofw
ithout a gutter).C
.R
ainwater can be held back by A
rabdam
s functioning as a gutter,preventing the w
ater from irrigating
the Israeli agricultural areas.
Ein Gev
TiberiasSea of G
alilee– 695 ft.– 212 m
.
2,300 ft.700 m
.
GA
LILEE
GO
LAN
HEIG
HTS
CURRENT 1967/1974 CEASEFIRE LINE
ACME OF HEIGHTS
"GREEN LINE" 1948 CEASEFIRE LINE
West
East
Figure 3. The Golan H
eights as Israel'sStrategic "W
atershed" and "Perch."
PLEXI PIECES
ab
c
Figure 1. The three basic Plexi P
ieces.
MO
UN
TAIN
RAIN
a
c
MO
UN
TAIN
VALLEY
cFR
ESH W
ATERa
MO
UN
TAIN
FRESH
WATER
GU
TTER
cb
a
SIDE VIEW
OF M
OU
NTAIN
AREA
ABC
ABC
RA
IN W
ATER
CO
LLECTIO
N
Still, unused potential water resources are few
, except for those of W
estern Samaria that feed the aquifers of the Israeli coastal plain and are vital
for the Israeli economy. A
ny mas s iv e in te rf er en ce w
it h the nat ur al f l ow
of the se res ou rc e s t oward t he co ast al pl ain coul d n ot on ly dep riv e
t hat d en sel y i nha bite d a n d cu lt iva te d r e gio n of a s ubst ant ia l p art of its w
at er re s o urces , b ut co uld a l so ca us e serious d amage t o th e
e xis tin g e qui libr i um vis-a -vis sali ne se a w
at er in p ar ts o f the aq ui f er in t he vic inity of t he Is ra el i co ast li ne .
In recent years Israel's water consum
ption has totaled an average of 1.8 m
illion cubic meters per annum
; of this, agriculture consumed approxim
ately 1.3 m
illion cubic meters. The aquifers of the coastal plain are fed to a great extent
by rain water falling on the w
estern slopes of the Samarian Highlands. These
waters
percolate through
pervious rock
formations
westw
ard into
the groundw
ater resources of the coastal plain, and provide 300-350 million cubic
meters,
or 1
7-1
9
percent of
the total
annual w
ater supply.
We re
a Pal esti nia n
Ara b
pol i ti cal e n tit y
t o d eve lo p
an e ff e cti ve
mode rn
system of w
ell s on t he wes te rn f ring es of t h e W
e st Bank (a f e w
ki lo m
ete rs ea st of th e p re se nt wes te rn bo u ndar y of th e W
e st Ba nk ) ,
Isr ae l wou ld ha ve t o fi n d al t ern a ti ve s our ce s f or a l arge quan t i ty of
water
that flo w
s fr ee ly
int o its
te rr i tory and
u p on w
hic h t he
popul ation an d agr icul ture o f t he I sr ae li co ast al pl ain d ep e nd t o a lar ge extent.
The West Bank and Gaza: Geographic and Dem
ographic Background pg, 200-201– The Jaffe Center for Strategic Studies, Tel A
viv University, 1989.
Figure 3 and 4: The topographical slope and comm
anding position ofthe G
olan Heights is key to understanding their suprem
e strategic valueas Israel's "W
atershed" and as the strategic "Perch" overlooking the upperG
alilee and the entire North of Israel (see also Figure 5). The Plexi Pieces
make it possible to explain these issues in a clear m
anner.
Figure 12: A schem
atic cross-section of the Mountain A
quifer show
ing the
recharge and
storage areas
of the
eastern and
western basins 33
T
he Israeli Palestinian Water C
onflict: An Israeli Perspective
by Haim
Gvirtzm
an, January 2012
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