Islam: Religion & Civilization. 1/5 of the world’s population are Muslims today. The word Islam means submission or surrender. Muslim means a submitter.

Islam: Religion & Islam: Religion & CivilizationCivilization

1/5 of the world’s population are 1/5 of the world’s population are Muslims today.Muslims today.

The word The word IslamIslam means means submission or surrender. Muslim submission or surrender. Muslim means a submitter.means a submitter.

Most Muslims live in the Indian Most Muslims live in the Indian subcontinent including India, subcontinent including India, Pakistan and Bangladesh.Pakistan and Bangladesh.

However, the country with the However, the country with the most Muslims today is Indonesia.most Muslims today is Indonesia.

Early life of MuhammadEarly life of Muhammad Who is Muhammad?Who is Muhammad? AnswerAnswer: the Prophet of Islam: the Prophet of Islam

When & where was he born?When & where was he born? AnswerAnswer: Mecca, a city in Saudi Arabia, in A.D. : Mecca, a city in Saudi Arabia, in A.D.

570570

Describe his early life:Describe his early life: AnswerAnswer: He was an orphan, poor, lived as a : He was an orphan, poor, lived as a

trader in a caravan across the Saudi Arabian trader in a caravan across the Saudi Arabian desert desert

What type of religious What type of religious experience did Muhammad experience did Muhammad have when he was 40 yrs. old?have when he was 40 yrs. old?

AnswerAnswer: He had a vision of : He had a vision of the angel Gabriel. Gabriel told the angel Gabriel. Gabriel told him to teach that Allah was the him to teach that Allah was the one & only god.one & only god.

Why was this a problem?Why was this a problem?

AnswerAnswer: The people : The people worshipped many gods and worshipped many gods and did not want to hear this did not want to hear this message.message.

Muhammad led his followers to Muhammad led his followers to the city of Medina. There many the city of Medina. There many people became Muslims and people became Muslims and finally in A.D. 630 Muhammad finally in A.D. 630 Muhammad was able to return to Mecca.was able to return to Mecca.

There he destroyed the idols There he destroyed the idols (religious statues) in the (religious statues) in the Kaaba.Kaaba.

Now, the Kaaba is Islam’s Now, the Kaaba is Islam’s holiest shrine. It is the holiest shrine. It is the destination for Muslims on their destination for Muslims on their pilgrimage (Haji) to Mecca. pilgrimage (Haji) to Mecca.

Kaaba

The pilgrimage to Mecca to the The pilgrimage to Mecca to the Kaaba is one of the Kaaba is one of the Five Pillars Five Pillars of Islamof Islam. What are the Pillars?. What are the Pillars?

1) Faith1) Faith 2) Pray 5 times a day toward 2) Pray 5 times a day toward

MeccaMecca 3) Give alms (charity) to the poor3) Give alms (charity) to the poor 4) Fast during Ramadan (sun up 4) Fast during Ramadan (sun up

to sundown; 9to sundown; 9thth month of Muslim month of Muslim calendar)calendar)

5) Pilgrimage (holy journey) to 5) Pilgrimage (holy journey) to Mecca once in your lifeMecca once in your life

Qur’an (or Koran)Qur’an (or Koran) The holy book of Islam is the The holy book of Islam is the

Qur’an.Qur’an.

Islam teaches that this book Islam teaches that this book presents god’s teachings as presents god’s teachings as revealed to Muhammad.revealed to Muhammad.

It includes teachings of the Bible It includes teachings of the Bible & the Torah (Judaism)& the Torah (Judaism)

It tells the teachings of Jesus It tells the teachings of Jesus and Abrahamand Abraham

Qur’an

(Written in Arabic)

Key TermsKey Terms:: Jihad:Jihad: The struggle to defend the faith; also can mean an The struggle to defend the faith; also can mean an

individual’s struggle to stay faithful. Muhammad individual’s struggle to stay faithful. Muhammad taught that anyone who died in this struggle would taught that anyone who died in this struggle would receive the blessings of God.receive the blessings of God.

MosqueMosque:: This is the place of worship for Muslims. There are This is the place of worship for Muslims. There are

no religious pictures/statues or elaborate no religious pictures/statues or elaborate ceremonies.ceremonies.

Expansion of IslamExpansion of Islam

Divisions within the Muslim Divisions within the Muslim CommunityCommunity

Key Term: CaliphKey Term: Caliph DefinitionDefinition: Successor to the Prophet; Supreme military, : Successor to the Prophet; Supreme military,

government and religious Muslim leader.government and religious Muslim leader.

Early after Muhammad’s death in A.D. 632 a dispute Early after Muhammad’s death in A.D. 632 a dispute developed over who should be his successor and leader of developed over who should be his successor and leader of the Muslims. A split developed which has lasted until the Muslims. A split developed which has lasted until today.today.

Sunnis Sunnis believe the successor should be chosen by the believe the successor should be chosen by the communitycommunity

Shi’ahShi’ah believe only true descendants of Muhammad should believe only true descendants of Muhammad should rulerule

Today 10% of Muslims are Shi’ah and 90% SunniToday 10% of Muslims are Shi’ah and 90% Sunni

Muslim SocietyMuslim Society Women had more rights under the Muslim empire Women had more rights under the Muslim empire

than most women of the time.than most women of the time.

Architecture became one of the greatest forms of Architecture became one of the greatest forms of art in the Islamic world.art in the Islamic world.

They adopted the best ideas of the people they They adopted the best ideas of the people they conquered and traded with.conquered and traded with. They preserved the scientific and philosophical ideas of They preserved the scientific and philosophical ideas of

the Greeks, Romans, and Asiansthe Greeks, Romans, and Asians They learned the art of papermaking from the ChineseThey learned the art of papermaking from the Chinese They transmitted math from India to the westThey transmitted math from India to the west