Part Two: Reading, Writing, and Organizing Paragraphs Chapter 8: Organization: Additional Patterns PowerPoint by Sarah Gilliam, Instructor of English Mountain Empire Community College Copyright @ 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. In Concert: An Integrated Reading and Writing Approach by Kathleen T. McWhorter
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Part Two:Reading, Writing, and Organizing Paragraphs
Chapter 8:Organization: Additional Patterns
PowerPoint by Sarah Gilliam, Instructor of English
Mountain Empire Community College
Copyright @ 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
In Concert:An Integrated Reading and Writing Approach
by Kathleen T. McWhorter
Chapter 8: Organization: Additional Patterns
In this chapter, you will learn how to:
Goal 1
Goal 2
Goal 3
Goal 5
Goal 4
Identify additional patterns of organization
Read and write using definition
Read and write using classification
Read and write using cause and effect
Read and write using other patterns of organizationGoal 6
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 7 Think critically about patterns of organization
Read and write using comparison and contrast
Important Terms to Remember:
1. Definition
2. Classification
3. Comparison and Contrast
4. Cause and Effect
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 1: Identify Additional Patterns of Organization
A definition is an explanation of what something is.
The three parts of a definition:
1. The term being defined
2. The group or category to which the term belongs
3. Distinguishing characteristics
Helpful Tip:
Definitions are often combined with examples.
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 2: Read and Write Using Definition
Strategies for Adding Explanatory Details:
1. Give examples
2. Break the term into subcategories
3. Explain what the term is not
4. Trace the term’s meaning over time
5. Compare an unfamiliar term to a familiar one
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 2: Read and Write Using Definition
Classification explains a subject by identifying and describing its types or categories.
Helpful Tip:
When reading a textbook with material that has been classified into categories, be sure to determine how and why it is classified in a particular manner.
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 3: Read and Write Using Classification
Writing a Classification Paragraph
1. Choose a general topic
2. Brainstorm ways to break the topic into subgroups
3. Consider the audience
4. Choose an uncomplicated basis
5. Choose a familiar basis
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 3: Read and Write Using Classification
Important Terms to Remember:
1. Comparison focuses on similarities
2. Contrast focuses on differences
Helpful Tip:
When writing a paragraph, it is best to concentrate on either comparison OR contrast.
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 4: Read and Write Using Comparison and Contrast
Writing Using Comparison and Contrast
1. Compose a topic sentence identifying the two topics
2. State whether the topic will be compared, contrasted, or both
3. Develop points of comparison and contrast
4. Organize the information subject by subject or point by point
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 4: Read and Write Using Comparison and Contrast
Important Terms to Remember:
1. Causes are explanations of why things happen.
2. Effects are explanations of what happens as the result of an action or event.
Helpful Tip:
Cause and effect patterns explain why an event or action caused another event or action.
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 5: Read and Write Using Cause and Effect
Writing Using Cause and Effect
1. Distinguish between cause and effect
2. Create a topic sentence
3. Provide relevant, sufficient details
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 5: Read and Write Using Cause and Effect
Other Patterns of Organization:
1. Statement and Clarification
2. Summary
3. Addition
4. Spatial Order
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 6: Read and Write Using Other Patterns of Organization
How do I think critically about the different patterns of organization?
1. Definition: Is the definition subjective?
2. Classification: Examine the categories
3. Comparison and Contrast: Are both topics equally covered?
4. Cause and Effect: Are there errors in logic?
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 7: Think Critically AboutPatterns of Organization
Goal 1: Identify Additional Patterns of Organization
Review Questions
True or False:Classification is explaining a topic by breaking it into categories.
True or False:Cause and effect shows how things are similar or different.
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 1: Identify Additional Patterns of Organization
Review Questions
True or False:True: Classification is explaining a topic by breaking it into categories.
True or False:False: Cause and effect shows how things are similar or different.
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 2: Read and Write Using DefinitionReview Questions
Which of the following is NOT a part of a definition?
A. Distinguishing characteristics
B. The term
C. Synonyms
D. Groups and categories to which the term belongs
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 2: Read and Write Using DefinitionReview Questions
Which of the following is NOT a part of a definition?
A. Distinguishing characteristics
B. The term
C. Synonyms
D. Groups and categories to which the term belongs
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 3: Read and Write Using Classification
Review Questions
Which of the following is NOT an example of classification?
A. Dalmatians, Greyhounds, Beagles
B. Roses, Tulips, Daffodils
C. Sports
D. Cardiologist, General Physician, Surgeon
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 3: Read and Write Using Classification
Review Questions
Which of the following is NOT an example of classification?
A. Dalmatians, Greyhounds, Beagles
B. Roses, Tulips, Daffodils
C. Sports
D. Cardiologist, General Physician, Surgeon
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 4: Read and Write Using Comparison and Contrast
Review QuestionsTrue or False:
It is best to organize a comparison and contrast essay using the point-by-point method.
True or False:
In a comparison and contrast, the writer simply has to discuss the similarities and differences of a topic
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 4: Read and Write Using Comparison and Contrast
Review QuestionsTrue or False:
False: It is best to organize a comparison and contrast essay using the point-by-point method.
True or False:
False: In a comparison and contrast, the writer simply has to discuss the similarities and differences of a topic
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 5: Read and Write Using Cause and EffectReview Questions
True or False:
Effect explains why things happen.
True or False:
Cause explains how things happen.
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 5: Read and Write Using Cause and EffectReview Questions
True or False:
False: Effect explains why things happen.
True or False:
False: Cause explains how things happen.
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 6: Read and Write Using Other Patterns of Organization
Review QuestionsTrue or False:Addition is introducing an idea or making a statement, then supplying additional information to supplement the idea or statement.
True or False: A summary is opening a paragraph with a statement, then composing a sentence explaining that statement.
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 6: Read and Write Using Other Patterns of Organization
Review QuestionsTrue or False:True: Addition is introducing an idea or making a statement, then supplying additional information to supplement the idea or statement.
True or False: False: A summary is opening a paragraph with a statement, then composing a sentence explaining that statement.
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 7: Think Critically About Patterns of Organization
Review QuestionsWhich of the following should be utilized when thinking critically about patterns of organization?
A. The author’s objectivity or subjectivity
B. Categorization of subjects
C. Whether all information is equally presented
D. All of the above
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Goal 7: Think Critically About Patterns of Organization
Review QuestionsWhich of the following should be utilized when thinking critically about patterns of organization?
A. The author’s objectivity or subjectivity
B. Categorization of subjects
C. Whether all information is equally presented
D. All of the above
Copyright 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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