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Iroquois: People of the Longhouses Iroquois: People of the Longhouses
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Iroquois: People of the Longhouses. Who were the Iroquois? The Iroquois are a group of people that lived in what is now upstate New York. The Iroquois.

Dec 29, 2015

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Page 1: Iroquois: People of the Longhouses. Who were the Iroquois? The Iroquois are a group of people that lived in what is now upstate New York. The Iroquois.

Iroquois: People of the LonghousesIroquois: People of the Longhouses

Page 2: Iroquois: People of the Longhouses. Who were the Iroquois? The Iroquois are a group of people that lived in what is now upstate New York. The Iroquois.

Who were the Iroquois?Who were the Iroquois?

The Iroquois are a group of The Iroquois are a group of people that lived in what is people that lived in what is now upstate New York. now upstate New York.

Sometime around 400 Sometime around 400 years ago the Iroquois years ago the Iroquois people banded together to people banded together to form a form a confederacy.confederacy.

A A confederacy confederacy is an is an alliance.alliance.

Their Their confederacy confederacy was was made up of five tribes:made up of five tribes:

• OneidasOneidas• MohawksMohawks• CayugasCayugas• SenecasSenecas• Onondagas Onondagas

Page 3: Iroquois: People of the Longhouses. Who were the Iroquois? The Iroquois are a group of people that lived in what is now upstate New York. The Iroquois.

Where did the Iroquois Where did the Iroquois live?live?

The Iroquois lived in The Iroquois lived in what is now New York what is now New York State along the St. State along the St. Lawrence River. Lawrence River.

Around 1650, the Around 1650, the Iroquois started Iroquois started moving West into Ohio moving West into Ohio near the Great Lakes.near the Great Lakes.

They conquered and They conquered and drove out other drove out other Native Americans Native Americans already living there. already living there.

Page 4: Iroquois: People of the Longhouses. Who were the Iroquois? The Iroquois are a group of people that lived in what is now upstate New York. The Iroquois.

Encounters with Encounters with EuropeansEuropeans

Around the early Around the early 1600s, a small pox 1600s, a small pox epidemic in Virginia epidemic in Virginia killed many Iroquois.killed many Iroquois.

At the same time At the same time many Europeans in many Europeans in the colonies died of the colonies died of Yellow Fever. Yellow Fever.

The Iroquois liked the The Iroquois liked the glass beads they could glass beads they could get from the get from the Europeans. Europeans.

Page 5: Iroquois: People of the Longhouses. Who were the Iroquois? The Iroquois are a group of people that lived in what is now upstate New York. The Iroquois.

How did the Iroquois How did the Iroquois live?live?

The Iroquois people The Iroquois people lived in villages of lived in villages of longhouseslonghouses, which , which were large wood-frame were large wood-frame buildings covered with buildings covered with sheets of bark. Iroquois sheets of bark. Iroquois longhouses were up to longhouses were up to a hundred feet long.a hundred feet long.

Each longhouse would Each longhouse would be the home to one be the home to one clan.clan.

A A clan clan is a group of is a group of families or a group of families or a group of people of common people of common descent.descent.

Page 6: Iroquois: People of the Longhouses. Who were the Iroquois? The Iroquois are a group of people that lived in what is now upstate New York. The Iroquois.

What did the Iroquois What did the Iroquois eat?eat?

The Iroquois were farmers The Iroquois were farmers and grew the “Three and grew the “Three sisters”, corn, beans and sisters”, corn, beans and squash.squash.

The men hunted deer and The men hunted deer and elk and fished in the rivers. elk and fished in the rivers. Boys  were allowed to join Boys  were allowed to join the men in hunting after the men in hunting after they had killed a deer by they had killed a deer by themselves. themselves.

Iroquois meals included Iroquois meals included cornbread, soups, and cornbread, soups, and stews cooked on stone stews cooked on stone hearths. hearths.

Page 7: Iroquois: People of the Longhouses. Who were the Iroquois? The Iroquois are a group of people that lived in what is now upstate New York. The Iroquois.

What Language did the What Language did the Iroquois speak?Iroquois speak?

There were six There were six different languages different languages spoken by the Iroquois spoken by the Iroquois nations. These nations. These languages are all languages are all related to each other, related to each other, just as the European just as the European languages Spanish, languages Spanish, French, and Italian are French, and Italian are all related to each all related to each other.other.

Page 8: Iroquois: People of the Longhouses. Who were the Iroquois? The Iroquois are a group of people that lived in what is now upstate New York. The Iroquois.

What did the Iroquois What did the Iroquois do?do?

Iroquois men were in Iroquois men were in charge of hunting, trading, charge of hunting, trading, and war. and war.

Iroquois women were in Iroquois women were in charge of the family and charge of the family and the farming. the farming.

Iroquois clans were ruled Iroquois clans were ruled by women, who made all by women, who made all the land and resource the land and resource decisions for each clan. decisions for each clan. But the chiefs, who made But the chiefs, who made military decisions and military decisions and trade agreements, were trade agreements, were always men.always men.

Page 9: Iroquois: People of the Longhouses. Who were the Iroquois? The Iroquois are a group of people that lived in what is now upstate New York. The Iroquois.

What did Iroquois kids What did Iroquois kids dodo??

Girls learned skills such Girls learned skills such as farming and making as farming and making clothes from their mothers clothes from their mothers and other women in the and other women in the camp.camp.

Boys role-played as Boys role-played as hunters and warriors using hunters and warriors using small bows and arrows, small bows and arrows, testing their skills by testing their skills by shooting at targets or shooting at targets or small animals and birds. small animals and birds. Boys were trained for war Boys were trained for war at an early age. at an early age.

Page 10: Iroquois: People of the Longhouses. Who were the Iroquois? The Iroquois are a group of people that lived in what is now upstate New York. The Iroquois.

What is Lacrosse?What is Lacrosse?

Lacrosse was created by Native Lacrosse was created by Native Americans and is considered Americans and is considered America’s first sport. America’s first sport.

The French adapted the game The French adapted the game and it gained popularity in and it gained popularity in Canada.Canada.

Lacrosse is a combination of Lacrosse is a combination of soccer, basketball, and hockey.soccer, basketball, and hockey.

Lacrosse was played with a stick Lacrosse was played with a stick and a ball made of deerskin, and a ball made of deerskin, baked clay or stone. baked clay or stone.

Playing Lacrosse was good Playing Lacrosse was good preparation for war. preparation for war.

Some games had as many as Some games had as many as 1000 people playing. 1000 people playing.

The playing field could be as long The playing field could be as long as 15 miles and the games could as 15 miles and the games could go on for days.go on for days.

Lacrosse is still played in high Lacrosse is still played in high schools and colleges in the U.S.schools and colleges in the U.S.

Page 11: Iroquois: People of the Longhouses. Who were the Iroquois? The Iroquois are a group of people that lived in what is now upstate New York. The Iroquois.

What Tools did the Iroquois What Tools did the Iroquois use?use?

  Iroquois hunters used bows Iroquois hunters used bows and arrows. Iroquois and arrows. Iroquois fishermen used spears and fishermen used spears and fishing poles. In war, Iroquois fishing poles. In war, Iroquois men used their bows and men used their bows and arrows or fought with clubs, arrows or fought with clubs, spears and shields. spears and shields.

Other important tools used by Other important tools used by the Iroquois included stone the Iroquois included stone adzes (hand axes for adzes (hand axes for woodworking), flint knives for woodworking), flint knives for skinning animals, and wooden skinning animals, and wooden hoes for farming. The Iroquois hoes for farming. The Iroquois were skilled woodworkers, were skilled woodworkers, steaming wood so they could steaming wood so they could bend it into curved tools.bend it into curved tools.

Page 12: Iroquois: People of the Longhouses. Who were the Iroquois? The Iroquois are a group of people that lived in what is now upstate New York. The Iroquois.

What did the Iroquois What did the Iroquois wear?wear?

The Iroquois made most of The Iroquois made most of their clothing from deerskin. their clothing from deerskin. The women wore skirts, The women wore skirts, vests, and moccasins. They vests, and moccasins. They decorated their clothes with decorated their clothes with porcupine quills and beads. porcupine quills and beads. The women made necklaces The women made necklaces of beads and animal teeth. of beads and animal teeth.

The Iroquois men wore The Iroquois men wore deerskin breechcloths during deerskin breechcloths during the hot summer. In the cold the hot summer. In the cold weather they wore leather weather they wore leather leggings and tunics. The leggings and tunics. The men wore moccasins made men wore moccasins made of leather or corn husks. of leather or corn husks.

Page 13: Iroquois: People of the Longhouses. Who were the Iroquois? The Iroquois are a group of people that lived in what is now upstate New York. The Iroquois.

How did the Iroquois How did the Iroquois Travel?Travel?

When they wanted to travel When they wanted to travel by water they used elm bark by water they used elm bark canoes that they had dug out. canoes that they had dug out. They also used dogs as pack They also used dogs as pack animals like the Plains animals like the Plains Indians.Indians.

The Iroquois were not a horse The Iroquois were not a horse culture. The Spanish brought culture. The Spanish brought horses to the Americas much horses to the Americas much later. later.

During the winter months the During the winter months the Iroquois used snow shoes and Iroquois used snow shoes and sleds. sleds.

In the late 1600s, colonial In the late 1600s, colonial governments hired the governments hired the Iroquois to deliver mail along Iroquois to deliver mail along the Iroquois Trail between the Iroquois Trail between Albany and Buffalo, New York. Albany and Buffalo, New York. It took the runners three days It took the runners three days to deliver the mail.to deliver the mail.

Page 14: Iroquois: People of the Longhouses. Who were the Iroquois? The Iroquois are a group of people that lived in what is now upstate New York. The Iroquois.

Iroquois ArtIroquois Art           

The Iroquois were known for their The Iroquois were known for their mask carvings. They considered this a mask carvings. They considered this a sacred art form and some non- sacred art form and some non- Iroquois are not permitted to see some Iroquois are not permitted to see some of the old masks.of the old masks.

Intricate quillwork and beadwork are Intricate quillwork and beadwork are common to the Iroquois.common to the Iroquois.

The Iroquois also made The Iroquois also made wampam wampam beads out of colored shell beads.beads out of colored shell beads.

Contrary to popular belief, Contrary to popular belief, Wampam Wampam beads were not traded as a kind of beads were not traded as a kind of currency .currency . Only the colonists used Only the colonists used WampumWampum as money. as money.

    Wampum is a symbol of the founding Wampum is a symbol of the founding of the Iroquois Confederacy.  If a of the Iroquois Confederacy.  If a person tried to deliver a message person tried to deliver a message without the wampum they were not without the wampum they were not often believed.  often believed. 

The wampum often had a story woven The wampum often had a story woven into it.  Therefore the wampum helped into it.  Therefore the wampum helped the reader know what the story was the reader know what the story was about.about.

Designs on Designs on wampum wampum belts told the belts told the story of the clan.story of the clan.

Page 15: Iroquois: People of the Longhouses. Who were the Iroquois? The Iroquois are a group of people that lived in what is now upstate New York. The Iroquois.

Iroquois MusicIroquois Music The Iroquois played drums The Iroquois played drums

filled with water to give filled with water to give them a distinct sound, them a distinct sound, different from other tribes in different from other tribes in the area. the area.

Most Iroquois music is very Most Iroquois music is very rhythmic and consists rhythmic and consists mostly of drumming and mostly of drumming and singing. singing.

Flutes were used to woo Flutes were used to woo women in the Iroquois women in the Iroquois tribes. An Iroquois man tribes. An Iroquois man would play romantic music would play romantic music outside his girlfriend's outside his girlfriend's longhouse at night to show longhouse at night to show her he was thinking about her he was thinking about her. her.

Page 16: Iroquois: People of the Longhouses. Who were the Iroquois? The Iroquois are a group of people that lived in what is now upstate New York. The Iroquois.

Iroquois Relations with Iroquois Relations with other Tribesother Tribes

The Iroquois Indians were fierce The Iroquois Indians were fierce warriors who fought with most of warriors who fought with most of the other eastern tribes.the other eastern tribes.

The Iroquois tribes also engaged in The Iroquois tribes also engaged in trade with their neighbors. Iroquois trade with their neighbors. Iroquois traders exchanged corn, tobacco traders exchanged corn, tobacco and woodcrafts for furs and quahog and woodcrafts for furs and quahog shells.shells.

In the middle of the 17In the middle of the 17thth century, century, the Iroquois fought a series of the Iroquois fought a series of bloody wars called the Beaver Wars.bloody wars called the Beaver Wars.

The Iroquois were trying to expand The Iroquois were trying to expand their territory and their territory and monopolize monopolize the the fur trade. fur trade.

A A monopoly monopoly is the exclusive control is the exclusive control of a good or service.of a good or service.

The fighting over territory and trade The fighting over territory and trade pitted the Iroquois against the pitted the Iroquois against the French.French.

During the American Revolution, During the American Revolution, many Iroquois joined with the many Iroquois joined with the British against the American British against the American colonists.colonists.

Page 17: Iroquois: People of the Longhouses. Who were the Iroquois? The Iroquois are a group of people that lived in what is now upstate New York. The Iroquois.

What Customs did the What Customs did the Iroquois Have?Iroquois Have?

The Iroquois honored the The Iroquois honored the dead by placing them on a dead by placing them on a scaffold and lighting a fire scaffold and lighting a fire underneath.underneath.

If there was no sign of life If there was no sign of life after ten days the fire was after ten days the fire was put out and the body was put out and the body was buried. buried.

People were buried along People were buried along with their personal with their personal belongings. belongings.

If the people had to move If the people had to move for some reason they for some reason they collected the skeletons and collected the skeletons and reburied them in their new reburied them in their new home.home.

Page 18: Iroquois: People of the Longhouses. Who were the Iroquois? The Iroquois are a group of people that lived in what is now upstate New York. The Iroquois.

Iroquois LegendsIroquois Legends Story telling was an important Story telling was an important

part of Iroquois culture. part of Iroquois culture. The Iroquois people hold a The Iroquois people hold a

great respect for all animals great respect for all animals and they figured prominently and they figured prominently in their stories. in their stories.

The Niagara Falls, The Niagara Falls, (Thundering Waters)  are the (Thundering Waters)  are the most sacred waters of the most sacred waters of the Iroquois people, and a focus Iroquois people, and a focus of many of their legends. For of many of their legends. For hundreds of years the hundreds of years the Iroquois believed that the Iroquois believed that the sound of the waterfall was the sound of the waterfall was the voice of the mighty spirit of voice of the mighty spirit of the waters.the waters.

Page 19: Iroquois: People of the Longhouses. Who were the Iroquois? The Iroquois are a group of people that lived in what is now upstate New York. The Iroquois.

Where are the Iroquois Where are the Iroquois today?today?

The total number of The total number of Iroquois today is difficult to Iroquois today is difficult to establish. About 45,000 establish. About 45,000 Iroquois lived in Canada in Iroquois lived in Canada in 1995.1995.

In the 2000 census, In the 2000 census, 80,822 people in the 80,822 people in the United States claimed United States claimed Iroquois ethnicity, with Iroquois ethnicity, with 45,217 of them claiming 45,217 of them claiming only Iroquois background. only Iroquois background.

Tribal registrations in the Tribal registrations in the United States in 1995 United States in 1995 numbered about 30,000.numbered about 30,000.