Iris Ppt-swati Negi

8/2/2019 Iris Ppt-swati Negi

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SWATI NEGI06-ECE-152

Gurgaon Institute of Technology and Management,Bilaspur, Gurgaon

EMAIL: [email protected]


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CONTENTS

Introduction Biometrics - Future Of Identity

Human eye

Iris Recognition

How it works Advantages and Disadvantages

Technology comparison

Iris recognition in fiction

Applications Retinal scans


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INTRODUCTION

In today's information age it is not difficult to collect dataabout an individual and use that information to exercisecontrol over the individual.

Data security has become an inevitable feature.

ID cards can be almost lost, forged or misplaced:passwords can be forgotten.

If you lose your keys or jot your password on a piece ofpaper, someone else can find them and use them asthough they were you.

Biometric system automatically verifies or recognizes theidentity of a living person based on physical or

behavioral characteristics.


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Instead of using something you have (like a key) orsomething you know (like a password), biometrics uses

who you areto identify you. Biometrics can use physical characteristics, like your

face, fingerprints, irises or veins, or behavioralcharacteristics like your voice, handwriting or typing

rhythm. Unlike keys and passwords, your personal traits are

extremely difficult to lose or forget. They can also bevery difficult to copy. For this reason, many people

consider them to be safer and more secure than keys orpasswords


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BIOMETRICS - FUTURE OFIDENTITY

A Biometric system can be divided into 2 systems:1. The enrollment module

2. The identification module.

The enrollment module is responsible for the training the

system to identify the person.

Biometric sensor scans persons physiognomy to create

digital representation.

Feature extractor processes the representation to

generate more expressive representation-template.

Template for each user is stored in a biometric systemdatabase.


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The identification module is responsible for recognizing

the person. Biometric sensor captures characteristics of person to

be identified.

Converts into same digital format as template.

Resulting template is fed to feature matcher.

Which compares it against stored template todetermine the match!


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Biometric systems can seem complicated, but they alluse the same three steps:

Enrollment: The first time you use a biometric system, itrecords basic information about you, like your name oran identification number. It then captures an image orrecording of your specific trait.

Storage: Contrary to what you may see in movies, mostsystems don't store the complete image or recording.They instead analyze your trait and translate it into acode or graph. Some systems also record this data ontoa smart card that you carry with you.

Comparison: The next time you use the system, itcompares the trait you present to the information on file.Then, it either accepts or rejects that you are who youclaim to be .
http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/question332.htmhttp://electronics.howstuffworks.com/question332.htm


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HUMAN EYE

The pupil is the centraltransparent area (shownas black).

The blue area

surrounding it is iris.

The white outer area isthe sclera, the centraltransparent part of which

is the cornea.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iris_%28anatomy%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sclerahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corneahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corneahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sclerahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iris_%28anatomy%29


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HUMAN EYE


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IRIS RECOGNITION

Iris scanning measures patternson the colored part of eye-theiris.

The tissue has a unique patternof markings which does not

change and is different for eacheye.

Iris scanners read from theouter edge towards the pupil,detecting and plotting themarkings.

Data is saved and stored on achip, on a passport or ID cardwhich will be verified when the

eye is scanned in.


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HOW IT WORKS

First step :Position Correctly

3-10 inches max 3 feet

Camera focuses automatically or,

You Use mirror

Second step:

Photograph is taken by

Specialized digital camera in iris scanner:a) uses visible light

b) uses near infrared light

To take a clear high contrast picture of a persons iris.

PROCESS TAKES LESS THAN 2 SECONDS


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Computer locates: Centre of pupil

Edge of pupil Edge of iris (IRIS SCAN ALGORITHM ) Eye lids and eye lashes

It provides detail of the iris mapped , recorded, stored

future matching/verification.

Analyses of patterns in iris, Translating intocode.(512 byte iris code)

Matching of codes and hence verification takesplace.


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ADVANTAGES Irisis idealfor biometric identification.

Imitation is impossible. Recognition not impeded by glasses or contact lenses. Stable i.e. remain same better than fingerprints. Predictable shape than face.

Fast / quick scan. (little more than second) High security. Misidentification rate is less.(1 in 1.2 million) Many wide applications. More than 200 unique points of reference for

comparison. Even blind people can use it as long as they have

irides.


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DISADVANTAGES

Incompatible with authorities. (investment)

Poor image quality.

Difficult to perform at large distance

Difficulty arises if the person to be identified is notcooperating by holding the head still, and not lookinginto camera.


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Is there any way to fool thesystem?

Researchers attempted to do this by creating contact

lenses with irides printed on them. The system had no

trouble spotting the fakes. Some of the newer drug

treatments for glaucoma include changes in irispigmentation among their side effects. This should not be a

problem since iris recognition systems rely on

monochrome images, the developers say.


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Method Coded PatternMisidentifica

tion rateSecur

ityApplication

s

IrisRecognition

Iris pattern 1/1,200,000 HighHigh-

securityfacilities

Fingerprin

ting

Fingerprints 1/1,000Medi

u

m

Universal

HandShape

Size, length andthickness of hands

1/700 LowLow-

securityfacilities

FacialRecognition

Outline, shape anddistribution of eyesand nose

1/100 LowLow-

securityfacilities

SignatureShape of letters, writing

order, pen pressure1/100 Low

Low-securityfacilities

Voice

printing

Voice characteristics 1/30 LowTelephone

service

TECHNOLOGY COMPARISON

IRIS RECOGNITION IN FICTION


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IRIS RECOGNITION IN FICTION Demolition Man (1993) Character played by Wesley Snipes uses the

Warden's gouged eye to gain access through security door.

In Dan Brown's 2000 novel Angels and Demons, an assassin gains accessto a top secret CERN laboratory using a scientist's eye.

Steven Spielberg's 2002 science fiction film Minority Report depicts asociety in which what appears to be a form of iris recognition has become

daily practice. The principal character undergoes an eye transplant in orderto change his identity but continues to use his original eyes to gain accessto restricted locations.

The Simpsons Movie (2007) features a scene that illustrates the difficulty ofimage acquisition in iris recognition.

Numb3rs features a scene where a robber gets into the CalSci facility bycracking the code assigned to a specific iris.

NCIS uses an Iris scanner in the garage, where forensic vehicleinvestigations are carried out and evidence is stored.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demolition_Manhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wesley_Snipeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Brownhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angels_and_Demonshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CERNhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Spielberghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_fictionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minority_Report_%28film%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons_Moviehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numb3rshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCIS_%28TV_series%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCIS_%28TV_series%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCIS_%28TV_series%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numb3rshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numb3rshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons_Moviehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons_Moviehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minority_Report_%28film%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_fictionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Spielberghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Spielberghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CERNhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angels_and_Demonshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Brownhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wesley_Snipeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demolition_Man


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APPLICATIONS

Substituting for passports (automated internationalborder crossing);

Aviation security and controlling access to restrictedareas at airports;

Database access and computer login; premisesaccess control;

Hospital settings including mother-infant pairing inmaternity wards;

Door lock system. ATM machines.

It is under consideration for biometrically enabledNational Identity Cards.


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Airports have begun to use iris-scanning for such diversefunctions as employee identification/verificationfor

movement through secure areas and allowing registeredfrequent airline passengersa system that enables fastand easy identity verification in order to expedite theirpath through passport control

Projects designed to authenticate

on-line purchasing on-line banking on-line voting on-line stock trading.

Iris-scan offers a high level of user security, privacy andgeneral peace of mind for the consumer.


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RETINAL SCANS

Not to be confused with another less prevalent ocular-based technology, retina scanning,

Some people confuse iris scanswith retinal scans.

Retinal scans, however, are an older technology that

required a bright light to illuminate a person's retina. The sensor would then take a picture of the blood vessel

structure in the back of the person's eye.

Some people found retinal scans to be uncomfortable

and invasive. People's retinas also change as they age, which could

lead to inaccurate readings.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retina_scanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retina_scan


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THANKS AND QUERIES!

Iris Ppt-swati Negi

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