Iptv Ppt Smpte Pda Now 01-17-2008 Iptv

SMPTE PDA Now: IPTV- What is it and how does it work?

1/18/2008 1Copyright © 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

IPTVWhat Does it Really Mean and How Does it Work?

By Greg ThompsonChief Video Architect,

Cisco Systems [email protected], +1-408-525-7711

January 17, 2008, 1-2 PM EST

1

2




Thank you to our SMPTE PDA Now Premium sponsors for their generous support

3Copyright © 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

SMPTE PDA Now

• Series of monthly 1-hour online, interactive

webcasts covering a variety of technical topics

• 2nd Thursday of each month

– Beginning Feb

• Free professional development benefit for

SMPTE members

• Sessions are recorded for member viewing

convenience.

Copyright © 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.4



Our Speaker Today

Greg ThompsonChief Video Architect

Video and Content Networking Business Unit

• Service Provider Video-on-Demand

(VOD) and IPTV systems

• Responsible for development of

architecture and products for large scale

highly available video content distribution

and streaming for MSO cable and Telco

wireline operators

• SMPTE Member

• Actively participates and directs Cisco’s

efforts in the ITU-T IPTV Focus Group

and other IPTV-related Standards

Development Organizations.



Session Outline

• What is IPTV?

• IPTV Building Blocks & Architecture

• Protocols used with IPTV

• Network support for IPTV

• Emerging IPTV Standards

Questions & Answers break after each section6




What is IPTV?

“Internet Protocol” (IP) + “Television” (TV)

“The future ain’t what it used to be.”– Yogi Berra

7


Telcos entering TV services market

Video still delivers high revenue per subscriber

Including:Verizon’s FiOS TV

AT&T’s U-verse

FT’s Orange TV

Free’s Freebox TV

DT’s T-Home

BT’s Vision

TI’s Alice homeTV

Telefonica’s Imagenio

China Telecom’s NTV

Qwest’s Choice TV

FastWeb TV

SingTel’s mio TV

PCCW’s NOW TV

CHT’s iTV MOD

SaskTel’s MaxTV

Belgacom TV

Softbank’s BBTV

KPN’s Mine

Hanaro’s Hana TV

NTT/Plala’s 4th Media

NTT’s OnDemand TV

KDDI’s Hikari Plus TV

8




Top 10 Telco IPTV deployments today

From Light Reading report “Top Ten IPTV Carriers” issued Jan 14, 2008

Verizon FiOS is not included since its broadcast channels are not delivered via IPTV

1 Iliad (Free) France 2,170,000 2.77 million 78.4%

2 France Telecom France 975,000 6.9 million 14.1%

3 PCCW Hong Kong 818,000 1.18 million 69.3%

4 Neuf Cegetel France 600,000 3.12 million 19.2%

5 Telefonica Spain 469,067 4.34 million 10.8%

6 Chunghwa Telecom Taiwan 358,000 4.07 million 8.8%

7 China Telecom China 310,000 35.1 million 0.9%

8 Belgacom Belgium 249,434 1.20 million 20.8%

9 TeliaSonera Sweden 216,000 1.03 million 21.5%

10 Fastweb Italy 170,000 1.25 million 13.6%

Europe and Asia are clearly leading in IPTV

Rank Carrier Country IPTV Subs Broadband Subs

9


Cable MSOs are embracing IP Video

• Comcast, Time Warner & Cox’sNext Generation Network Architecture (NGNA) initiative kicked it off in 2004

• Moved to national IP core networksfor video content distribution

• Large scale metropolitan IP networksdeployed to support cable VOD service

• DSG, M-CMTS, DOCSIS 3.0, Tru2way improving support for IP video

• Next Gen cable STBs will support IP video via integrated DOCSIS modems

• Efforts to expand video services to devices over home networks Comcast.net’s TheFan portal

Internet Video delivery to PCs

NGNA defined how cable

evolves to IP

Looking to leverage advantages of IP as well10




Many Internet Video Competitors Emerging

Offering direct “Over-the-Top” Video Services11


Service Provider IPTV

• Service Provider IPTV is delivered over a managed network– Including xDSL (e.g. ADSL2+, VDSL2), FTTx (e.g. GPON, MetroE), HFC (via DOCSIS Cable Modem), or wireless (e.g. 4G, WiMax)

• It normally includes support for:

– Switched Digital Broadcast channels (SDB)

– Digital Video Recorder services (PVR/nPVR)

– Video-on-Demand services (VOD)

– Electronic Program Guide (EPG)

– Interactive TV applications (ITV)

– Targeted or Advanced Advertising

– etc. SubscriberIP-STB

(Set Top Box)

Digital TV

Broadband IP

Access Network

IPTV

Service

Provider

SP provides content aggregation and delivery12




Promise of a New Television Experience

Personalized Educational

InformativeInteractive

Beyond Traditional TV

Collaborative

Enabled by Integration of Video delivery with IP13


Trends Driving IPTV Adoption

• Subscribers want more choice & control– New generation grew up computer/Internet savvy– Connected Life – At Home, At Work, & On the road– Want one bill, one provider, integrated services – customized for me

• Improved codec, access, server, & CPE technology– MPEG-4 AVC (H.264) next generation codec improvements– New ADSL2+, VDSL2, FTTx, DOCSIS 3.0 access technologies– Moore’s law advancements in processing & memory

• Greater competition among service providers– No longer limited by access, All services over any network– Traditional markets going away, Voice & Long distance almost free

• Video is driving next generation SP network design– Driven by video’s bandwidth & QoS requirements– Experiencing exponential growth in Internet video usage

IPTV is experiencing the Perfect Storm14




6.25

feet

11 feet

Panasonic 150” Plasma HDTV (11’ x 6.25’)

4K Digital Cinema Resolution (4096 x 2160 = 8.84 Mpixels)15





IPTV Building Blocks & Architecture

Components of an IPTV System

“I look for what needs to be done.

After all, that's how the universe

designs itself.”

– Buckminster Fuller

17


VideoProcessing

Transcoding

Transrating

Splicing

Multiplexing

Ad-Insertion

Video Headend Building Blocks

VideoManagement

CAS/DRM

Remote Operations

Metadata, Billing

VOD Servers

Video Applications

VideoEncoding

MPEG-2

MPEG-4 AVC

Standard Definition

High Definition

Audio Encoding

Video Acquisition

Satellite Reception

Off-Air Reception

Satellite, Off-Air, and

Fiber Receivers

Signal Conversion

Acquiring, Processing, and Transmitting Video18




Video-on-Demand Services

• Movies-on-Demand (MOD)

• Subscription Video-on-Demand (SVOD)

• Free Video-On-Demand (FVOD)

• HDTV-on-Demand (HDVOD)

• Network-based Personal Video Recording (nPVR)

• Public, Educational & Governmental On-Demand (PEGOD)

– City council meetings, Information

– Local sports & Community events

• Distance Learning (EduVOD)

– Education-on-Demand

– Do-it-yourself tutorials

• Advanced Advertising (Adv2)

• Interactive TV (iTV)

– Video-based shopping

– Virtual museums, vacations, etc.

Comcast has delivered over 5 Billion VOD streams19


Source: Communications Technology, Sept 2006, Industry Reports

TWC’s Start Over Service Findings

• A network-PVR based service

– But no fast-forward permitted

• Service offered free to digital subscribers within selected markets

– 50 Channels, selected content

• More than 70% of customers

used Start Over each month

– Using the service an average of 10 times per month

• Start Over programs were among the most frequently requested titles

– Even given its brief broadcast window

Easy-to-Use, Very Popular, Reduced Churn20




Video-on-Demand Architecture Evolution

Video Headend Distribution Hub or VCO

1) Distributed EdgeQAMEdgeQAMEdgeQAMVideo Pump

+ StorageStorage costs became excessive

High bandwidth &QoS requirements

EdgeQAMEdgeQAMAccess2) CentralizedVideo Pump

+ Storage

High Cost &Complexity

Multiplepumps

3) Hybrid (both) Video Pump

+ StorageEdgeQAMEdgeQAMAccess

Video Pump

+ Storage

Through an IntelligentNetwork

Edge

Separate Scalable Shared Networked Attached Storage

Separate Scalable Video Pump Resources

Connected via

standard IP networking

Automatic Intelligent Content Propagation

Predictive & On-Demand

4) Cache-based(CDN-like)

Video

Vault

Video

StreamerCacheIP IP

Universal EdgeUniversal EdgeUniversal Edge

Cisco CDS is an example of Cache-based design21


Need for Advanced Advertising

• On-Demand (VOD & PVRs) is devaluing traditional broadcast advertising– Can’t assume subscriber will see the ads

• New approaches to advertising:– Spot ads or placement on VOD user interface– Telescoping or Long format ads– Targeted or Personalized Advertising

• Third-party application can select adsbased on a profiles and preferences

• Spot insertion before, during or aftervideo on demand (VOD) content

• Video Pump dynamically splices in ads

– Interactive Advertising• Ads can be delivered based on customer

request and even solicit customer input

Changing Ads from Interruptions to Information22




MPEG-2 Transportw/SCTE 35

“digital cue tone” messages

Typically

MPEG-2

VBR MPTS

Advertising Technology Evolution

Advanced AdvertisingEmerging XML-based standard

SCTE 130 (DVS-629) components:– Content Information Service (CIS)

Manages metadata describing advertising & program assets

– Placement Opportunity Information Service (POIS)

Defines ad insertion opportunities

– Subscriber Information Service (SIS)

Manages subscriber metadata relevant to an ad decision

– Ad Decision Service (ADS)

Determines ads to place fora given insertion opportunity

– Ad Management Service (ADM)

Manages ad placement execution

Ad ServerProgram Source

MPEG-2SPTS

SCTE 30 session

SplicerTypically a statistical

multiplexer

Replacement of “1-800” generic

network ad

Moving towards more personalized Ad delivery

Transport

Digital Program Insertion (DPI)

ANSI/SCTE 30, 35, & 67 DPI standardshttp://www.scte.org/content/index.cfm?pID=59

Stream

Moving to

23


IP Set Top Boxes (IP-STB)

Standard & High Def MPEG-2 and H.264/MPEG-4 AVC codecs, SOC design,

Multi-room DVR client, WinCE or Linux OS, Middleware & CA/DRM options

Dimensions: 9.8” L x 7.7” W x 1.7” H

4 LEDS and 7 front panel keys

10/100bT

Ethernet

USB 2.0HDMI

YPrPb S-Video

Dual BB Video

Dual L/R Audio

Optical

S/PDIF

Ch. 3/4

RF OutputHPNA 3

IP over coax

12 VDC

Power

IR Remote

USB 2.0

Branding Space for

Customer Logo

Example: SA’s IPN330HD model

Interfaces between subscriber and IPTV service24




Role of IPTV Middleware

• Enables– Revenue producing IPTV services

– Differentiation for service provider

– Consistent & extensible consumer experience

– Delivery of rich media to consumer

– A compelling Graphical User Interface

• Glues

– Ties together all parts of the end-to-end IPTV System including:

EPG Content Navigation Head end processing

CAS/DRM VOD Servers Asset Management

EAS STB support Business Management

Billing Triple play integration Subscriber Management

SI & SAM Service Packaging Network Management

– Implements the interoperability of the IPTV systems components

IPTV Middleware resides in STB and headend25


Telco IPTV Network Hierarchy

Video Video HeadendHeadend

OfficeOffice

Video Video HeadendHeadend

OfficeOffice

Video Video ServingServingOfficeOffice

Video Video ServingServingOfficeOffice

1-2 sites 10-100 sites 100-1000 sites 1+ Million sites

SuperSuperHead EndHead End

SuperSuperHead EndHead End

RG

LocalContent

NationalContent

RTE

Local Zone Ad-Insertion

IRTs

SHE VHO VSO Home

SubscriberSubscriberSubscriberSubscriber

VOD VOD ServersServers

MetroNetworks

AccessNetworks

VideoVideoCachesCaches

NationalBackboneNetwork

LibraryServers

IP-STB

National Regional Local Personal

HomeNetwork

Cable VSOs often called Distribution Hubs26




Telco IPTV Network Architecture

CA/DRM

DSLAM

ROSA

Decoder

Management

NationalCore

NetworkNationalVOD Vault

RegionalMetro

Network

NationalContent

CRS-1

PON

Receiver

Acquisition

Middleware

Home Access Gateway

PCIP-STB

HAG

PC

HAG

PC

Core Access HomeAggregationDistribution

7600

Receiver

DecoderDCM

Encoder

Super Head End(SHE)

Video Head End Office (VHO)

Video Switching Offices (VSO)

Regional CDSVault Array

7600 orCRS-1

RegionalContent

Processing

DCM Encoder

Encoding

CRS-1

Distributed CDS Streamer Array

VQE-S

FTTx

xDSL

MetroE

ME 3400

IP-STB

IP-STB

Home

Regional CDS Streamer Array

An End-to-End IP Network

7600

27


IPT

V F

unctional A

rchitectu

re F

ram

ew

ork

IPTV Architecture as defined by ITU-T

Content Delivery Functions

NGN Service Stratum

Management

Functions

Application FunctionsEnd-User

FunctionsContent

Provider

Functions

IPTV Terminal

Functions

Home

Network

Functions

NGN Transport Stratum

Service Control Functions

Service Support Functions

User ProfileFunctions

Control

Client

CoreIMS

IPTV Service

Control Function

Core TransportFunctions

Content Delivery & Storage Function

Control

Functions

Application

Profile Function

Resource &

Admission Control Functions (RACF)

MediaClient

Access NetworkFunctions

Network Attachment

Control Functions (NACF) [T-user Profile]

Delivery NetworkGateway Function

Authentication &Configuration Protocol

Control Protocol

Session Protocol

Transport

Functions

Content

Preparation

TransportManagement

Functions

Service Control

ManagementFunctions

Application Management

Functions

EdgeFunctions

SessionClient

Service User Profile function

Transaction ProtocolApplication

ClientsIPTV Applications

Content Delivery Control Functions

Content & Data

SourcesContent & Metadata

Metadata

Delivery Protocols

Content DeliveryManagement

Functions

NG

N C

om

bin

ed IP

TV

Arc

hitectu

re

From ITU-T IPTV Architecture (FG.IPTV-DOC-181)

IPT

V P

hysi

cal N

etw

ork

Hie

rarc

hy

28




Microsoft IPTV Edition 1.0

Content

Consumption

RG

IP STB

IP Phone

PC Internet access

SMSServer

Video Encoder

Content

Acquisition

AcquisitionServer

VOD AcquisitionServer

PSTN

RDP Application Server

Terminal Server

Client Gateway

Subscriber & System Store

OSS/BSS Gateway

Service Management

& Operations

BroadcastDServers

VOD servers

Content

Distribution

Core IP Network Edge Network

Access Network

AdministrationSNMP Monitor

OSS/BSS Systems

Internet

Notification Server

Complete end-to-end video application suite

Broadcast and VOD services

Digital Rights Management

Video Encoder

www.microsoft.com/tv

Server-based, Live broadcast top, VOD bottom

Live

On-Demand

Live

Pre-encoded

29


Microsoft IPTV Edition 1.1DServers for ICC & Error repair

VOD Servers

www.microsoft.com/tv

Key scalability areas: DServers & VOD servers30




Protocols used

with IPTV

RTP, RTCP, RTSP, SSP, IGMP, ...

“The greatest problem with communication

is the illusion that it has occurred.”– George Bernard Shaw

31


MPEG Video Summary

Video Sequence

Group of Pictures

… …

Pictur

e BlockMacroblock

16x16 pixels

8Pixels

DiscreteCosine

Transform

I Frames - Intra-coded only - Reference frame for future prediction.P Frames - Forward prediction from either previous I or P frames.B Frames - Bi-directional interpolated prediction from two sources.

I IB B B BP P BB

One Group of Pictures

43.8-40

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0 0 0 0-4.1 -1.1

DCT Co-efficients

Zig-Zag extraction

H.264

ISO/IEC-11172 (MPEG-1 ~1988-1996)ISO/IEC-13818 (MPEG-2 ~1993-2000)ISO/IEC-14496 (MPEG-4 ~2001-2005)

or VC-1

Next Gen “Advanced Video Codecs”:

(Future: MPEG-4 SVC?)

Eliminate redundancy, leverage sense limitations

8Pixels

32




Digital Video Bandwidths

Uncompressed Digital Video

SDTV (480i CCIR 601 over SD-SDI SMPTE 259M) 165.9 – 270 Mbps

EDTV (480p or 576p via SMPTE 344M) 540 Mbps

HDTV (1080i or 720p over HD-SDI SMPTE 292M) 1.485 Gbps

HDTV (1080p over Dual link HD-SDI SMPTE 372M) 2.970 Gbps

MPEG-2 Compressed Video

SDTV Broadcast (3.75 Mbps for cable VOD) 3 – 6 Mbps

HDTV Broadcast (19.3 Mbps for ATSC DTV) 12 – 20 Mbps

SDTV Production (Contribution – 4:2:2 I-frame only) 18 – 50 Mbps

HDTV Production (Contribution – 4:4:4 I-frame 10-bit) 140 – 500 Mbps

MPEG-4 AVC / H.264 Compressed Video

SDTV Broadcast (about 50% less than MPEG-2) 1.5 – 3 Mbps

HDTV Broadcast (1080i about 4x SDTV) 6 – 9 Mbps

Provides ~ 200:1 compression of HDTV33


Video

PES

PCRs

Audio

PES

MPEG-1 Level 2 (Musicam)

or Dolby AC-3 5.1 Surround

Audio Elementary Stream

Packetization into a MPEG-2 SPTS

Transport Stream

defined by

ISO/IEC 13818-1

(ITU-T H.222.0)

MPEG-2TransportStream

Mux

VideoEncoder

AudioEncoder

MPEG-2 or MPEG-4 AVC

SDTV or HDTV Video

Elementary StreamVideo

Input

Audio

Inputs

Audio

PES

MPEG-2

SPTS to

network

or

storage

Alternate audio tracks

PAT (PID=0) & PMT

27 MHz clockTiming Information

Contains a single video program with associated

audio, data, etc.

Single Program Transport Stream (SPTS)

Each packet identified by a 13-bit PID value

188 bytes

MPEG-2SPTS packet

MPEG-2SPTS packet

188 bytes 188 bytes

MPEG-2SPTS packet

MPEG-2SPTS packet

188 bytes

MPEG-2SPTS packet

MPEG-2SPTS packet

MPESPTS p

MPESPTS p

MPEG-2SPTS packet

MPEG-2SPTS packet

SI data Video Video Audio Video

Generates a sequence of 188 byte SPTS packets:

PTSsCBR or VBR

encoded

Packetizer

Packetizer

34




MPEG-2 SPTS over UDP/IP Video Delivery

• One to seven MPEG-2 Single Program Transport Stream (SPTS)packets per Ethernet frame delivered directly over UDP/IP/Ethernet

– For each 3.75 Mbps MPEG-2 SD stream, one Ethernet frame every ~ 2.8 msec

– For each 15.0 Mbps MPEG-2 HD stream, one Ethernet frame every ~ 0.7 msec

• Up to 250 streams at 3.75 Mbps/stream per Gigabit Ethernet output

• UDP/IP/GigE delivery overhead is approximately 1 - (7*188/1370) = 4%

. . .. . .. . .. . .

Typically 7 MPEG-2 SPTS packets

per 1362 byte Ethernet PDU

1-7 * 188 bytes14

IIPPvv44

IIPPvv44

MMAACC

MMAACC

PPHHYY

PPHHYY

UUDDPP

UUDDPP

CCRRCC

CCRRCC

20 8 48

Standard Ethernet 1518 bytes max

Multiple complete

MPEG-2 packets

Multiple complete

MPEG-2 packets

G-2packetG-2packet

188 bytes

MPEG-2SPTS packet

MPEG-2SPTS packet

188 bytes

MPEG-2SPTS packet

MPEG-2SPTS packet

188 bytes

MPEG-2SPTS packet

MPEG-2SPTS packet

188 bytes

MPEG-2SPTS packet

MPEG-2SPTS packet

188 bytes

MPEG-2SPTS packet

MPEG-2SPTS packet

188 bytes

MPEG-2SPTS packet

MPEG-2SPTS packet

188 bytes

MPEG-2SPTS packet

MPEG-2SPTS packet

MPESPTS p

MPESPTS p

1-7 * 188 b14

IIPPvv44

IIPPvv44

MMAACC

MMAACC

PPHHYY

PPHHYY

20 88

Multiple

MPEG-2

Multiple

MPEG-2

CCRRCC

CCRRCC

4

ltiple complete

EG-2 packets

ltiple complete

EG-2 packets

1-7 * 188 bytes

Time

UUDDPP

UUDDPP

Common format today for cable VOD35


Real Time Protocol (RTP)

• Internet-standard for transport of real-time data, including audio and video

– Used for media on-demand as well as interactive services such as telephony.

• RTP standard (IETF RFC 3550 – July 2003) consists of data and control. The latter is RTCP (Real Time Control Protocol).

– RTP supports real-time applications with continuous media (e.g. audio & video),

including timing reconstruction, loss detection, security and content id.

– RTCP provides quality-of-service feedback from receivers to the sender(s)

as well as support for the synchronization of different media streams.

• Provides IP network visibility into video stream timing and packet loss

Enables network to better support video delivery36




MPEG-2 SPTS over RTP/UDP/IP Delivery

• Adds RTP-layer time stamp, sequence number, and other capabilities defined by IETF RFC 3550 (RTP) and RFC 2250 (MPEG over RTP)

• Still integral number of MPEG-2 TS packets per RTP message– For each 2 Mbps MPEG-4 AVC SD stream, Ethernet frame every 5.264 msec

– For each 8 Mbps MPEG-4 AVC HD stream, Ethernet frame every 1.316 msec

• RTP/UDP/IP/GigE overhead is approximately 1 - (7*188/1382) = 5%

. . .. . .. . .. . .

Typically 7 MPEG-2 SPTS packets

per 1374 byte Ethernet PDU

1-7 * 188 bytes14

IIPPvv44

IIPPvv44

MMAACC

MMAACC

PPHHYY

PPHHYY

UUDDPP

UUDDPP

CCRRCC

CCRRCC

20 8 48

Standard Ethernet 1518 bytes max

Multiple complete

MPEG-2 packets

Multiple complete

MPEG-2 packets

G-2acketG-2acket

188 bytes

MPEG-2SPTS packet

MPEG-2SPTS packet

188 bytes

MPEG-2SPTS packet

MPEG-2SPTS packet

188 bytes

MPEG-2SPTS packet

MPEG-2SPTS packet

188 bytes

MPEG-2SPTS packet

MPEG-2SPTS packet

188 bytes

MPEG-2SPTS packet

MPEG-2SPTS packet

188 bytes

MPEG-2SPTS packet

MPEG-2SPTS packet

188 bytes

MPEG-2SPTS packet

MPEG-2SPTS packet

MPESPTS p

MPESPTS p

1-7 * 18814

IIPPvv44

IIPPvv44

MMAACC

MMAACC

PPHHYY

PPHHYY

20 88

Multiple

MPEG-2

Multiple

MPEG-2

CCRRCC

CCRRCC

4

iple complete

EG-2 packets

iple complete

EG-2 packets

1-7 * 188 bytes

Time

RRTTPP

RRTTPP

12

RRTTPP

RRTTPP

12

UUDDPP

UUDDPP

Preferred Stack for all Real-time streams on IP37


Real Time Control Protocol (RTCP)

• RTP control protocol (RTCP)

Periodic transmission of control packets to

all participants in the session, using same

distribution mechanism as the data packets

• Sender (SR) & Receiver (RR) Reports provide feedback on RTP transmission

• Feedback Includes:

Timestamps (NTP, DLSR and LSR),

which further allows calculation of

– Round-Trip Time

– Packet counts

– Inter-arrival jitter (variation in delay)

– Fraction of packets lost

– Cumulative number of packet lost

• Making it scalable via aggregation

Sender

Report

Receiver

Report

Provides feedback to network regarding streams38




STB’s Network BufferDe-jittering

Re-ordering FEC / Re-xmit

STB’s MPEG Video Decode Buffer

CBR/VBRPackets

Video data

Audio data

STB’s MPEG Audio Decode Buffer

Tra

nsport D

em

ux

Video

audio

1. Packets enter the network buffer

2. Transport Demux

separates video and audio

3. When buffer is ~½ full, Audio and Video

Decoders play from Buffer

CBR/VBRPackets

CBR/VBRPackets

CBR/VBRPackets

CBR/VBRPackets

CBR/VBRPackets

CBR/VBRPackets

CBR/VBRPackets

Simplified Set Top Box (STB) Data Flow

Privatedata

To CPU

Its All About Reliably Delivering the Experience

TV

39


time

• Control only, not data– Session Setup Protocol (SSP) for session setup

– Lightweight Stream Control Protocol (LSCP) for play, pause, resume, status, reset, and jump stream control with NPT timing and scale (rate)

– Derived from ISO/IEC 13818-6 MPEG-2 DSM-CC originally by TWC

– Small binary messages; designed for ATM environments

– Video stream is delivered “Out-Of-Band” usually using UDP over IP

Cable’s Session Setup & Stream Control

ServerSystem Resource Manager (SRM)Client

Client-Session-SetUp-RequestServer-Session-SetUp-Indication

Client-Session-Proceeding-Indication

Server-Add-Resource-Confirm

Server-Add-Resource-Request

Server-Session-Setup-ResponseClient-Session-SetUp-Confirm

Client LSCP Connect Request

A

3

Party

ArchItecture

Creating and Controlling the Video Session40




• Control only, not data– IETF RTSP (RFC 2326) for VOD Session Setup and Stream Control

– Developed by IETF MMUSIC working group (who also developed SIP)

– Textual keyword-based protocol derived from HTTP 1.1. Uses SDP.

– IGMPv3 (or IGMPv2) for network-level Broadcast Channel Change

– Video stream is delivered “Out-Of-Band” usually using RTP/UDP over IP

Telco’s Session Setup & Stream Control

SETUP rtsp://server/StarWars.mpt RTSP/1.0

CSeq: 2

Transport: RTP/MP2T/UDP;unicast;

client_port=3456-3457

RTSP/1.0 200 OK

CSeq: 2

Transport: RTP/MP2T/UDP;unicast;

client_port=3456-3457;server_port=9000-9001

Session: 12345678

PLAY rtsp://server/StarWars.mpt RTSP/1.0

CSeq: 3

Range: npt=0-

Session: 12345678

Client

Server

Client

…

RTSP Methods:

Announce, Describe, Setup, Get_Parameter, Options, Play, Pause, Redirect, & Teardown

RTSP Headers include:

Accept, Allow, Authorization,

Bandwidth, Blocksize, Connection,

Content-Length, Content-Type,

CSeq, Date, Expires, From,

If-Modified-Sense, Last-Modified,

Proxy-Require, Range, Require,

RTP-Info, Scale, Server, Session,

Speed, Timestamp, Transport,

Unsupported, User-Agent, Via,

WWW-Authenticate

Creating and Controlling the Video Session

time

41





Network Support

for IPTVEnsuring Quality of Experience

“I ask not for a lighter burden, but for broader shoulders.”

– Jewish Proverb

43


< 10-6 PLR Requirement for Video

• Most critical: Packet Loss Ratio (PLR)– Video is compressed; Each packet carries multiple frames

• Any loss likely causes visible artifact for a varying amount of time

– Based on rule of thumb: no more than one artifact per 2 hour movie• For MPEG-2 Standard Definition content @ 3.75 Mbps this translates

to a PLR of (7 x 188 x 8) / (3,750,000 x 3600 x 2) = < 0.390 x 10-6

• MPEG-4 AVC or SMPTE VC-1 High Definition @ 6 Mbps requiresa PLR of (7 x 188 x 8) / (6,000,000 x 3600 x 2) = < 0.244 x 10-6

→ Thus packet losses MUST be avoided!

• Causes for Packet Loss:1) Set Top Box Jitter or CODEC Buffer Overflow

2) IP Router or Switch Buffer Overflow

3) Bit Errors on Physical Links

Solve excessive bit errors on non-fiber (wireless or copper) links using supplemental higher-level FEC or re-transmissions– A deeper link-layer FEC over burdens VoIP & data applications

MPEG-4 SVC could mitigate this requirement

Solve with CAC + DiffServ

Solve via accurate stream pacing

44




Network Call Admission Control

VoD Request

Policy Server

Session request

Request Denied/Accepted

RSVP-CAC

Video on DemandUnicast CAC

VoD Servers

Available Bandwidth

Check

Available Bandwidth

Check

IPTVChannel Change

Broadcast Source

Policy Server

Channel request

Request Denied/Accepted

1 4

2

Multicast CAC

Broadcast TVMulticast CAC

1 4

2

3

3Available Bandwidth

Check

Available Bandwidth

Check

Routers

Routers

Its about avoiding Congestion Packet Loss

Against a

DiffServprioritized % of link

bandwidths

CAC

RTE

45


Forward Error Correction for video

• Pro-MPEG Forum’s Code of Practice #3 (CoP3)– Completed mid 2004, passed to Video Services Forum

– Standardized by TC-N26 as SMPTE 2022-1 in March 2007

• Simple Parity-based FEC scheme

– Relies on simple block XOR (⊕) operations

– 1D or 2D interleaved codes – tunable specific sizes

– Non-compatible extension of IETF RFC 2733 FEC scheme

• Stream partitioned into sequential source blocks– Each block is a set of original data packets protected by FEC

– FEC adds additional redundant packets to source block

• Protection period (block size)– Determines encoding/decoding latency and protection window

• Protection amount (# redundant symbols / # source symbols)– Determines % FEC overhead

www.videoservicesforum.org

“Systematic Erasure” FEC correcting packet loss46




CoP3 FEC 1D or 2D Code Construction

• Source block composed of L x D source packets numbered in sending order

– L x D ≤ 100

– 1 ≤ L ≤ 20

– 4 ≤ D ≤ 20

• Each repair packet is the XOR of the packets in a column (and optionally row)

• Maximum 20 rows implies minimum FEC overhead of 5% for 1D

• Maximum 100 packetsper source block implies minimum FEC overhead of 20% for 2D (10 x 10 block)Column repair (parity) packets

F1 F2 F3 F4 F5F0

XOR operations

D r

ow

s

1 2 3 4 5

7 8 9 10 11

13 14 15 16 17

19 20 21 22 23

25 26 27 28 29

31 32 33 34 35

0

6

12

18

24

30

L columns

F’0

F’1

F’2

F’3

F’4

F’5

+ if 2D:

Optional row repair

packets

2D gives more protection but at higher overhead47


Example of 2D FEC Packet Recovery

0

6

12

18

24

7

13

19

31

2

14

20

26

32

9

15

27

4

10

16

22

34

5

11

17

23

35

FEC’0

FEC’1

FEC’3

FEC’4

FEC’5

FEC0 FEC1 FEC2 FEC3 FEC4 FEC5

FEC’18

FEC’321

FEC0

30

FEC1

25

FEC4

28

FEC’533

FEC’429

8

21

30 33

FEC3

33 FEC’011

25 28 29

The 9 missing data packets are successfully recovered !!!

6x6 data matrix with 9 data packets lost and 1 FEC packet lost

Similar to solving a Sudoku puzzle48




CoP3 FEC Sensitivity to Loss Patterns

• Example CoP3 code

– 2D XOR(L,D) = 2D XOR(6,6)

– Source block size = 36 packets

– 2D code needs 12 repair packets

– (33% FEC overhead)

• Undecodable pattern

– All repair packets received, but 4 lost source packets (only 8.3% loss)

→ Decoding fails

• By contrast, Digital Fountain Raptor 10 is not affected by specific packet loss patterns

1 2 3 4 5

7 8 9 10 11

13 14 15 16 17

19 20 21 22 23

25 26 27 28 29

31 32 33 34 35

0

6

12

18

24

30

F’0

F’1

F’2

F’3

F’4

F’5

F1 F2 F3 F4 F5F0

Low probability if already low packet loss49


Digital Fountain Raptor Codes

www.digitalfountain.com

en

co

din

g p

roc

es

s

• Raptor uses XOR operationsbut generates each encoded repair symbol independently

– Recovery requires slightly greater than number of source symbols independent of loss.

– No loss pattern dependency.

• Approaches theoretical performance bound for FEC codes

– Linear-time encoding/decoding, Raptor is a rateless “fountain code”

– Maximizes packet loss protection, delivered reliability

– Minimizes required processing and memory resources

– Minimizes bandwidth overhead and network deployment costs

• Adopted and standardized as a mandatory component of DVB-H and 3GPP’s Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service

– Protecting IP-based services over GSM-based 3G cellular networks

• But a patented and licensed FEC implementation

Raptor 10 is also a Systematic Erasure code50




DVB-IPI’s Hybrid FEC Scheme for IPTV

Region where only COP3 used

Region where optional DF Raptor FEC may be added

COP3 insufficient

Leveraging best features of COP3 & DF FECs

Packet loss rate

Min

imu

m F

EC

overh

ead

req

uir

ed

(40%)

(COP3 = SMPTE 2022-1)

(Raptor = Digital Fountain Raptor 10)

(log scale)

51


Retransmission on Access Networks

• Error rates on DSL access links are high enough to worry about– Can’t easily achieve less than one video “glitch” per 2 hour movie

• Bulk L1/L2 FEC (Forward Error Correction) not an attractive option– Eats bandwidth (usable ADSL2+ capacity can drop from 28 to 18 mbps)

– Introduces significant delays for other traffic (e.g. VoIP)

• Application layer FEC also has constant bandwidth overhead and is hard to tune for both BER and burst or congestive losses– DSL errors tend to group into 8 ms outages

– Due to link layer Reed Solomon FEC failures

• Re-transmission on access is attractive since RTTs are short– Optimal use of bandwidth, only use bandwidth when correcting errors

Good news!There is an excellent standard scheme for doing this with RTP

– You just have to “read between the lines”

Another way to solve the packet loss problem52




Visual Quality Experience Technology

A Cisco-defined technology to do:• Real-time video error repair

– Initially via re-transmissionsIn the future including FEC

• Plus scalable, standard-basedRapid Channel Change– Maximize QoE

• Video Quality Diagnostics– RTCP aggregation

• Components consists of:– VQE-S server side

– VQE-C client side for STBs(“open sourced”)

• Based on IETF RFCs:– 2250, 3350, 3551, 4585, 4588,

and draft-ietf-avt-rtcpssm-14

VQE intends to do for networked video what Dolby did for stereo

Protecting IPTV Quality of Experience (QoE)

Phase 1: CDE110 Network AppliancePhase 2: Integrated into Cisco

7600 Edge Router

Set Top Box

53


RTP Multicast Stream

VQE-S at edge

(SSM Feedback

Target)

STB

Cache

RTCP NAK (45, 46, 50)

RTP Retrans (45)

RTP Retrans (46)

RTP Retrans (50)

RTCP RR (lost 3 packets)

RTCP Summary

MPEGDecoder

Retransmission Protocol Mechanics

• STB gets “nervous” after noticing (optional) FEC is over-run

– STB sends RTCP NAK to feedback target with bitmap of missing packets

• Feedback target pulls missing packets out of the cache and retransmits them

– Retransmission is on a separate unicast RTP repair session (or multicast session if sufficient collated error reports)

• Reception stats of each STB are sent periodically in RTCP Receiver Reports (RR) to feedback address

– To monitor end-to-end QoE

• Feedback targets send summary reports to distribution source

– Provides both fine-grained and aggregated reception quality data

RTP Receiver

Code

Jitter

Buffer

Details of operation

Distance to VQE-S determines jitter buffer reqs.

SSM

Distributio

n Source

54




Existing Multicast Stream

Buffer fill

Rapid Channel Change (RCC)

VQE

IGMP Leave

VQE Signaling

Prime Decoder & Report Burst Shape

Multicast Stream

Unicast Stream

Control Messages

New Multicast Stream

Tim

e

Standards Based RCC using standardReal-Time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP)

Just like error repair (which it effectively is)

STB Merges theUnicast/Multicast Streams

and Discards the Duplicates

Channel Change completed in < 1 second

Works with both MPEG-2 & MPEG-4 AVC video streams

Fast Fills IP-STB buffer from VQE Cache

AccessNet

AccessNet

STBIGMP Join

55


Emerging IPTV Standards

ITU-T, ATIS-IIF, DVB, ETSI, …

“The nicest thing about standards is that

there are so many of them to choose from.”

– Andres S. Tannenbaum

56




IPTV Operators Quest for Standards

• Standards enable Service Providers to:

– Deliver a common experience toany consumer’s preferred device

– Use any access technology,wired or wireless, fixed or mobile

– Leverage best-of-breed components

– Take advantage of increased common manufacturing volumes

– Spend less time on integration and“N x M” interoperability testing

– Avoid specific vendor lock-in

– Define & satisfy regulatory requirements

– Deploy proven, scalable, & reliable solutions

Proprietary Solutions No Longer Sufficient57


• 260+ Member Organizations from 35 Countries

– Content providers, Consumer electronics, Broadcast hardware, software, networking &

silicon vendors, Service providers, Network operators, Regulatory bodies & other SDOs

• Issues standards via European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)

• Steering Group sets overall direction, IPR Module sets IPR policy,Commercial Module sets requirements, Technical Module fulfills them

• IPTV-related Working Groups:

– CM-AVC – Audio-Visual Coding TM-AVC – Audio-Visual Coding

– CM-CP – Copy Protection TM-CBMS – Mobile TV

– CM-IPTV – IP Television TM-CPT – Copy Protection Technologies

– CM-HE – Head-ends TM-CSA – Common Scrambling Algorithm

– CM-MHP – Set Top Box TM-GBS – Generic Data Broadcast & SI

– CM-PVR – PVR Standards TM-HEAD – DVB Simulcrypt

– CM-SEC – Security TM-IPI – IP Infrastructure

TM-MG – Measurement Group

– TM-S2 – 2nd gen DVB-Satellite TM-TAM – MHP Technical Aspects

– TM-SSP – Hybrid devices TM-H – DVB-T changes for Mobile DVB-H

DVB: Digital Video Broadcasting

VIDEO over IP

www.dvb.org

Long established European Digital Video SDO58




DVB-IPI Standard (ETSI TS 102 034 v1.3.1)

Defines:– Video over IP Architecture– Transport of MPEG-2 TS over IP– IP Address allocation, QoS support– Network Time Services – Network Provisioning & Identification– Service Discovery & Selection– Broadband Content Guide– RTSP client for broadcast & On-Demand– Ethernet & IEEE 1394 Home Networks

Specification Structure:Committee Subgroups:

• AL-FEC/Reliability• Home Networking• Service Discovery & Selection• Remote Management• Content Downloading• Content Protection• Browser Based Control• MHP IPTV client• Hybrid (broadcast+IPTV)• Metadata, Profiles

Transport of DVB services over IP networks59


• Formed June 2005 to work on IPTV standards

ATIS-IIF Task Forces:1) Architecture

2) QoS Metrics

3) Digital Rights Management

4) Testing and Interoperability

5) Metadata and Transaction Data

• North American Telco-driven (some international)– 5 operators: AT&T, BT, Qwest, Rogers, Verizon (IIF chair),

– 44 vendors: Adtran, Alcatel-Lucent, Amdocs, Cisco/SA, Digital Fountain, Ericsson, Harris, Hitachi, HP, Huawei, Intel, Irdeto, JDSU, Juniper, LG, Microsoft, Motorola, Nagra, NDS, Nielsen Media, Nortel, Philips, Sony, Sun, Symmetricom, Tandberg, Tektronix, Telchemy, Telcordia, Thomson, Verimatrix, Widevine, etc.

ATIS IPTV Interoperability Forum

www.atis.org/iif

Building upon existing standards (e.g. DVB)60




Current ATIS-IIF Specifications

Number Title Date

ATIS-0800001.v2 IPTV DRM Interoperability Requirements 05/01/07

ATIS-0800002 IPTV Architecture Requirements 05/16/06

ATIS-0800003 IPTV Architecture Roadmap 08/28/06

ATIS-0800004 IPTV QoS Framework Document 12/22/06

ATIS-0800005 IPTV Packet Loss Issue Report 01/11/07

ATIS-0800006 IIF Default Scrambling Algorithm (IDSA) 02/16/07

ATIS-0800007 IPTV High Level Architecture 04/11/07

ATIS-0800008 QoS Metrics for Linear Broadcast IPTV 08/13/07

ATIS-0800011 QoS Metrics for Public Services 01/04/08

Next meeting Myrtle Beach, SC on Feb 5-8, 2008

Plus ~34 working text specifications in progress

61


International Telecommunications Union

• World’s oldest International Organization– Established in 1865, at level of United Nations, was CCITT

– World’s top Telecommunications Standards Organization

– ITU-T = Telecommunications Sector (wired)

• ITU-T Study Groups related to IPTV:– 4: Telecommunication Management

– 5: EMI, EMC, & Environment Protection

– 9: Cable Networks, TV & Sound Transmission

– 11: Signalling Requirements and Protocols

– 12: Quality of Service and Performance

– 13: Next Generation Networks (NGN) – Parent SG for IPTV FG

– 15: Optical and other Access and Transport Networks

– 16: Multimedia Terminals, Systems, and Applications

– 17: Security, Languages and Telecom Software

– 19: Mobile Telecommunications

Mr. Houlin ZhaoITU Deputy Secretary Initiating TSB Director

www.itu.int

Mr. Malcom JohnsonCurrent TSB Director

International Forum aligning IPTV Standards

(lead Study Groups underlined)

62




ITU-T IPTV Focus Group

• IPTV Focus Group Background– Setup in April 2006 in response to demand for global IPTV standards

– Global industry support (China, Korea, Japan, USA, EU, SPs & vendors)

– Everything is public at web site: www.itu.int/ITU-T/IPTV

• Charter & Goals– Identify IPTV scenarios, requirements, and framework architecture

– Review and do gap analysis of existing & ongoing IPTV standards efforts

– Build on existing standards, Encourage interoperability with them

• Meetings– Seven meetings held: July 2006 in Geneva, Oct 2006 in Busan Korea,

Jan 2007 in Mountain View California, May 2007 in Bled Slovenia, July 2007 in Geneva, Oct 2007 in Tokyo Japan, Dec 2007 in Malta

• Status: Work Completed → Transitioning to: IPTV-GSI– IPTV JCA (www.itu.int/itu-t/jca/iptv) allocating output to Study Groups

– Transitioning to IPTV Global Standards Initiative (www.itu.int/itu-t/gsi/iptv)

First IPTV-GSI meeting Jan 15-22, 2008 in Seoul Korea63


ITU-T IPTV FG Working Groups

• WG1 - Architecture and Requirements– Scenarios; Requirements; Service definitions; Architecture – Relationships with other services and networks

• WG2 - QoS and Performance Aspects – QoS/QoE; Performance; Traffic management

• WG3 - Service Security and Contents Protection– Digital Rights Mgmt, Security, Authentication, Authorization

• WG4 - IPTV Network Control– Protocols, naming, addressing, identification, multicast control

• WG5 - End Systems & Interoperability Aspects– Consumer domain, End Terminals, Home networking, Remote mgmt

• WG6 - Middleware, Application & Content Platforms – EPG, Channel processing, Middleware, Audio and Video coding– Metadata, Content discovery, Multimedia application platforms, APIs

100s of experts from over 25 nations participated 64




ITU-T IPTV Focus Group OutputWG1 FG IPTV-DOC-0147 66 pages IPTV Service Requirements

WG1 FG IPTV-DOC-0181 82 pages IPTV Architecture

WG1 FG IPTV-DOC-0182 36 pages Service Scenarios for IPTV

WG1 FG IPTV-DOC-0183 6 pages Gap Analysis

WG2 FG IPTV-DOC-0184 34 pages Quality of Experience requirements for IPTV

WG2 FG IPTV-DOC-0185 19 pages Traffic management mechanism in support of IPTV

WG2 FG IPTV-DOC-0186 17 pages Application layer error recovery mechanisms for IPTV

WG2 FG IPTV-DOC-0187 37 pages Performance monitoring for IPTV

WG3 FG IPTV-DOC-0188 54 pages IPTV security aspects

WG4 FG IPTV-DOC-0189 38 pages IPTV network control aspects

WG4 FG IPTV-DOC-0190 50 pages IPTV multicast frameworks

WG4 FG IPTV-DOC-0191 11 pages IPTV related protocols

WG5 FG IPTV-DOC-0192 39 pages Aspects of IPTV end system – Terminal device

WG5 FG IPTV-DOC-0193 64 pages Aspects of home network supporting IPTV services

WG6 FG IPTV-DOC-0194 21 pages IPTV Middleware, Applications, and Content Platforms

WG6 FG IPTV-DOC-0195 62 pages Toolbox for Content Coding

WG6 FG IPTV-DOC-0196 14 pages IPTV Middleware

WG6 FG IPTV-DOC-0197 20 pages IPTV Metadata

WG6 FG IPTV-DOC-0198 23 pages Standards for IPTV Multimedia Application Platforms

PLEN FG IPTV-DOC-0199 15 pages IPTV vocabulary of terms

Posted at: http://www.itu.int/md/T05-FG.IPTV-071211-DOC/en

Developed over 20 months at 7 meetings from 1130 contributions and 120 liaisons

Total

708

pages

43 MB

in size

Built

upon

existing

proven

standards

and

consensus

Common

world

IPTV

standards

A work in

progress

65


Other IPTV-related Standards Organizations

It seems every SDO wants to be part of IPTV66




In Conclusion:

IPTVWhat does it really mean?

It means:

- Television you fully control

- Any content, any time, any place

- Television that can take you anywhere

- Unlimited visual interactive applications

- New storytelling possibilities

- The Next Generation of Television67

SMPTE and VSF 2008 Joint Conference

• February 10 – 13 in

Houston Texas

• To register visit us at

www.smpte.org

– Early-bird rate for

registration through 01/18/2007




SMPTE PDA Now – Next Month

Thursday February 14, 2008 - 1:00 PM – 2:00 PM Eastern

Transitioning to Tapeless Digital Media:

What to Expect - Lessons Learned from

Those Who Made The Change

Register now at www.smpte.org– Select the “Education” tab at the top


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Iptv Ppt Smpte Pda Now 01-17-2008 Iptv

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