Iptv Ppt Smpte Pda Now 01-17-2008 Iptv

SMPTE PDA Now: IPTV- What is it and how does it work?

IPTVWhat Does it Really Mean and How Does it Work?By Greg Thompson Chief Video Architect, Cisco Systems VCNBUgrthomps@cisco.com, +1-408-525-7711 January 17, 2008, 1-2 PM EST1 Copyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

2 Copyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

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Copyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

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Thank you to our SMPTE PDA Now Premium sponsors for their generous support3 Copyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

SMPTE PDA Now Series of monthly 1-hour online, interactive webcasts covering a variety of technical topics 2nd Thursday of each month Beginning Feb

Free professional development benefit for SMPTE members Sessions are recorded for member viewing convenience.


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Our Speaker TodayGreg ThompsonChief Video Architect Video and Content Networking Business Unit Service Provider Video-on-Demand (VOD) and IPTV systems Responsible for development of architecture and products for large scale highly available video content distribution and streaming for MSO cable and Telco wireline operators SMPTE Member Actively participates and directs Ciscos efforts in the ITU-T IPTV Focus Group and other IPTV-related Standards Development Organizations.


Session Outline What is IPTV? IPTV Building Blocks & Architecture Protocols used with IPTV Network support for IPTV Emerging IPTV Standards

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Questions & Answers break after each sectionCopyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

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What is IPTV?Internet Protocol (IP) + Television (TV)The future aint what it used to be. Yogi Berra

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Telcos entering TV services marketIncluding:Verizons FiOS TV AT&Ts U-verse FTs Orange TV Frees Freebox TV DTs T-Home BTs Vision TIs Alice homeTV Telefonicas Imagenio China Telecoms NTV Qwests Choice TV FastWeb TV SingTels mio TV PCCWs NOW TV CHTs iTV MOD SaskTels MaxTV Belgacom TV Softbanks BBTV KPNs Mine Hanaros Hana TV NTT/Plalas 4th Media NTTs OnDemand TV KDDIs Hikari Plus TV

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Video still delivers high revenue per subscriberCopyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

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Top 10 Telco IPTV deployments todayRank Carrier France Telecom Country France France Hong Kong France Spain Taiwan China Belgium Sweden Italy IPTV Subs 2,170,000 975,000 818,000 600,000 469,067 358,000 310,000 249,434 216,000 170,000 Broadband Subs 2.77 million 6.9 million 1.18 million 3.12 million 4.34 million 4.07 million 35.1 million 1.20 million 1.03 million 1.25 million 78.4% 14.1% 69.3% 19.2% 10.8% 8.8% 0.9% 20.8% 21.5% 13.6%

1 Iliad (Free) 2 3 PCCW 4 Neuf Cegetel 5 Telefonica 6 Chunghwa Telecom 7 China Telecom 8 Belgacom 9 TeliaSonera 10 Fastweb

From Light Reading report Top Ten IPTV Carriers issued Jan 14, 2008 Verizon FiOS is not included since its broadcast channels are not delivered via IPTV

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Europe and Asia are clearly leading in IPTVCopyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

Cable MSOs are embracing IP Video Comcast, Time Warner & Coxs Next Generation Network Architecture (NGNA) initiative kicked it off in 2004 Moved to national IP core networks for video content distribution Large scale metropolitan IP networks deployed to support cable VOD service DSG, M-CMTS, DOCSIS 3.0, Tru2way improving support for IP video Next Gen cable STBs will support IP video via integrated DOCSIS modems Efforts to expand video services to devices over home networksComcast.nets TheFan portal Internet Video delivery to PCs NGNA defined how cable evolves to IP

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Looking to leverage advantages of IP as wellCopyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

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Many Internet Video Competitors Emerging

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Offering direct Over-the-Top Video ServicesCopyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

Service Provider IPTV Service Provider IPTV is delivered over a managed network Including xDSL (e.g. ADSL2+, VDSL2), FTTx (e.g. GPON, MetroE), HFC (via DOCSIS Cable Modem), or wireless (e.g. 4G, WiMax)

It normally includes support for: IPTV Service Provider

Switched Digital Broadcast channels (SDB) Digital Video Recorder services (PVR/nPVR) Video-on-Demand services (VOD) Electronic Program Guide (EPG) Interactive TV applications (ITV) Targeted or Advanced Advertising etc. SubscriberIP-STB (Set Top Box)Broadband IP Access Network

Digital TV

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SP provides content aggregation and deliveryCopyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

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Promise of a New Television Experience

Interactive

Informative

Collaborative

Personalized13

Educational

Beyond Traditional TV

Enabled by Integration of Video delivery with IPCopyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

Trends Driving IPTV Adoption Subscribers want more choice & control New generation grew up computer/Internet savvy Connected Life At Home, At Work, & On the road Want one bill, one provider, integrated services customized for me

Improved codec, access, server, & CPE technology MPEG-4 AVC (H.264) next generation codec improvements New ADSL2+, VDSL2, FTTx, DOCSIS 3.0 access technologies Moores law advancements in processing & memory

Greater competition among service providers No longer limited by access, All services over any network Traditional markets going away, Voice & Long distance almost free

Video is driving next generation SP network design Driven by videos bandwidth & QoS requirements Experiencing exponential growth in Internet video usage14

IPTV is experiencing the Perfect StormCopyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

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Panasonic 150 Plasma HDTV (11 x 6.25)11 feet

6 2 5 f e e t.

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4K Digital Cinema Resolution (4096 x 2160 = 8.84 Mpixels)Copyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.


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IPTV Building Blocks & ArchitectureComponents of an IPTV SystemI look for what needs to be done. After all, that's how the universe designs itself. Buckminster Fuller

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Video Headend Building BlocksVideo AcquisitionSatellite Reception Off-Air Reception Satellite, Off-Air, and Fiber Receivers Signal Conversion

Video EncodingMPEG-2 MPEG-4 AVC Standard Definition High Definition Audio Encoding

Video ProcessingTranscoding Transrating Splicing Multiplexing Ad-Insertion

Video ManagementCAS/DRM Remote Operations Metadata, Billing VOD Servers Video Applications

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Acquiring, Processing, and Transmitting VideoCopyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

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Video-on-Demand Services Movies-on-Demand (MOD) Subscription Video-on-Demand (SVOD) Free Video-On-Demand (FVOD) HDTV-on-Demand (HDVOD) Network-based Personal Video Recording (nPVR) Public, Educational & Governmental On-Demand (PEGOD) City council meetings, Information Local sports & Community events Distance Learning (EduVOD) Education-on-Demand Do-it-yourself tutorials Advanced Advertising (Adv 2) Interactive TV (iTV) Video-based shopping Virtual museums, vacations, etc.

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Comcast has delivered over 5 Billion VOD streamsCopyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

TWCs Start Over Service Findings A network-PVR based service But no fast-forward permitted

Service offered free to digital subscribers within selected markets 50 Channels, selected content

More than 70% of customers used Start Over each month Using the service an average of 10 times per month Start Over programs were among the most frequently requested titles Even given its brief broadcast windowSource: Communications Technology, Sept 2006, Industry Reports

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Easy-to-Use, Very Popular, Reduced ChurnCopyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

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Video-on-Demand Architecture EvolutionVideo Headend 1) Distributed 2) Centralized 3) Hybrid (both) 4) Cache-based(CDN-like)Separate Scalable Shared Networked Attached Storage

Distribution Hub or VCOVideo Pump + StorageEdgeQAM EdgeQAM EdgeQAM

Storage costs became excessiveVideo Pump + Storage

High bandwidth & QoS requirements High Cost & ComplexityMultiple pumps Video Streamer Video Pump + Storage

EdgeQAM EdgeQAM Access

Video Pump + Storage

EdgeQAM EdgeQAM Access

Video Vault

IP

Cache

IP

Universal Edge Universal Edge Universal Edge

Automatic Intelligent Content Propagation Predictive & On-Demand

Separate Scalable Connected Video Pump via Resources standard IP networking

Through an Intelligent Network Edge

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Cisco CDS is an example of Cache-based designCopyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

Need for Advanced Advertising On-Demand (VOD & PVRs) is devaluing traditional broadcast advertising Cant assume subscriber will see the ads

New approaches to advertising: Spot ads or placement on VOD user interface Telescoping or Long format ads Targeted or Personalized Advertising Third-party application can select ads based on a profiles and preferences Spot insertion before, during or after video on demand (VOD) content Video Pump dynamically splices in ads

Interactive Advertising Ads can be delivered based on customer request and even solicit customer input

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Changing Ads from Interruptions to InformationCopyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

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Advertising Technology EvolutionDigital Program Insertion (DPI)Program SourceMPEG-2 Transport Typically w/SCTE 35 MPEG-2 digital cue tone VBR MPTS messagesMoving to

Advanced Advertising Content Information Service (CIS) Manages metadata describing advertising & program assets Placement Opportunity Information Service (POIS) Defines ad insertion opportunities Subscriber Information Service (SIS) Manages subscriber metadata relevant to an ad decision Ad Decision Service (ADS) Determines ads to place for a given insertion opportunity Ad Management Service (ADM) Manages ad placement execution

Ad Server

Emerging XML-based standard SCTE 130 (DVS-629) components:

SCTE 30 session

MPEG-2 SPTS

Typically a statistical multiplexer Replacement of 1-800 generic network ad

SplicerTransport Stream

ANSI/SCTE 30, 35, & 67 DPI standardshttp://www.scte.org/content/index.cfm?pID=59

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Moving towards more personalized Ad deliveryCopyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

IP Set Top Boxes (IP-STB)Example: SAs IPN330HD modelBranding Space for Customer Logo 4 LEDS and 7 front panel keys USB 2.0

10/100bT Ethernet

USB 2.0

HDMI YPrPb

S-Video

Dual BB Video Dual L/R Audio

Optical S/PDIF

12 VDC Power

Dimensions: 9.8 L x 7.7 W x 1.7 H

Ch. 3/4 RF Output

HPNA 3 IP over coax

IR Remote

Standard & High Def MPEG-2 and H.264/MPEG-4 AVC codecs, SOC design, Multi-room DVR client, WinCE or Linux OS, Middleware & CA/DRM options24

Interfaces between subscriber and IPTV serviceCopyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

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Role of IPTV Middleware Enables Revenue producing IPTV services Differentiation for service provider Consistent & extensible consumer experience Delivery of rich media to consumer A compelling Graphical User Interface

Glues Ties together all parts of the end-to-end IPTV System including:EPG CAS/DRM EAS Billing SI & SAM Content Navigation VOD Servers STB support Triple play integration Service Packaging Head end processing Asset Management Business Management Subscriber Management Network Management

Implements the interoperability of the IPTV systems components25

IPTV Middleware resides in STB and headendCopyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

Telco IPTV Network HierarchyNationalSHESuper Head End

RegionalVHOVideo Headend OfficeVOD Servers

LocalVSOVideo Serving OfficeVideo Caches

PersonalHomeSubscriberHome Network

RG Access Networks

National Backbone IRTs NetworkLibrary Servers

Metro NetworksRTE

National Content

Local Content

Local Zone Ad-Insertion

IP-STB

1-2 sites26

10-100 sites

100-1000 sites 1+ Million sites

Cable VSOs often called Distribution HubsCopyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

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Telco IPTV Network ArchitectureSuper Head End (SHE)CRS-1 National Content Acquisition Receiver Decoder National VOD Vault Processing DCM Encoding Encoder Regional CDS Vault Array Regional CDS Streamer Array xDSL DSLAM Receiver ROSA Regional Content IP-STB CRS-1

Video Switching Offices (VSO)7600 Distributed CDS Streamer Array PON FTTx

HomeHome Access Gateway

National Core Network

Regional Metro Network7600 or CRS-1

7600

IP-STB

PC

MetroE HAG VQE-S ME 3400 IP-STB PC

CA/DRM Management

Middleware DCM

Encoder

HAG

Decoder PC

Video Head End Office (VHO)Aggregation Access

Core

Distribution

Home

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An End-to-End IP NetworkCopyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

IPTV Architecture as defined by ITU-TIPTV Physical Network Hierarchy IPTV Functional Architecture FrameworkEnd-User Functions Application Functions Management Functions Content Provider FunctionsApplication Profile Function Application Clients Content PreparationContent & Metadata

Application Management Functions Content & Data Sources

Transaction Protocol

IPTV Applications

Metadata

IPTV Terminal Functions

Content Delivery Management Functions

Content Delivery FunctionsContent Delivery Control Functions

Service Support Functions

Media Client Session Client Control Client

Delivery Protocols

Content Delivery & Storage Function Core IMS IPTV Service Control Function

NGN Service StratumService User User Profile Profile function Functions

Service Control Management Functions

Session Protocol

Control Protocol

Service Control Functions

Home Network Functions

Authentication & Configuration Protocol

Network Attachment Control Functions (NACF) [ T-user Profile]

Resource & Admission Control Functions (RACF)

Control FunctionsNGN Transport StratumTransport Management Functions

Delivery Network Gateway Function

Access Network Functions

Edge Functions

Core Transport Functions

Transport Functions

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From ITU-T IPTV Architecture (FG.IPTV-DOC-181)Copyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

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NGN Combined IPTV Architecture

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Microsoft IPTV Edition 1.0Content Acquisition Service Management & Operations Complete end-to-end video application suite Broadcast and VOD services Digital Rights Management Content DistributionLive

Live Video Encoder RDP Application Server

Subscriber & System Store

Notification Server

Content Consumption

SMS Server Acquisition Server

OSS/BSS Gateway

Terminal Server

Client Gateway

Broadcast DServers

IP STB

Core IP Network

Edge Network RG Access Network

VOD Acquisition Server VOD servers On-Demand

IP Phone

Video Encoder Preencoded

PSTN

Internet Administration SNMP Monitor OSS/BSS Systems

PC Internet access

www.microsoft.com/tv

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Server-based, Live broadcast top, VOD bottomCopyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

Microsoft IPTV Edition 1.1DServers for ICC & Error repair

VOD Servers

www.microsoft.com/tv

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Key scalability areas: DServers & VOD serversCopyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

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Protocols used with IPTVRTP, RTCP, RTSP, SSP, IGMP, ...The greatest problem with communication is the illusion that it has occurred. George Bernard Shaw

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MPEG Video SummaryISO/IEC-11172 (MPEG-1 ~1988-1996) ISO/IEC-13818 (MPEG-2 ~1993-2000) ISO/IEC-14496 (MPEG-4 ~2001-2005) Video Sequence Group of Pictures

Next Gen Advanced Video Codecs: H.264

Pictur e Macroblock 16x16 pixels BlockDiscrete Cosine Transform

or(Future: MPEG-4 SVC?) I B B

VC-1

8 Pixels

P

B

B

P

B

B

I0 0 0 0 0 0 0

8 Pixels43.8 -40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1.10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

One Group of Pictures

I Frames - Intra-coded only - Reference frame for future prediction. P Frames - Forward prediction from either previous I or P frames. B Frames - Bi-directional interpolated prediction from two sources.32

DCT Co-efficients Zig-Zag extraction

Eliminate redundancy, leverage sense limitationsCopyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

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Digital Video BandwidthsUncompressed Digital VideoSDTV (480i CCIR 601 over SD-SDI SMPTE 259M) EDTV (480p or 576p via SMPTE 344M) HDTV (1080i or 720p over HD-SDI SMPTE 292M) HDTV (1080p over Dual link HD-SDI SMPTE 372M) 165.9 270 Mbps 540 Mbps

1.485 Gbps2.970 Gbps 3 6 Mbps 12 20 Mbps 18 50 Mbps 140 500 Mbps 1.5 3 Mbps

MPEG-2 Compressed VideoSDTV Broadcast (3.75 Mbps for cable VOD) HDTV Broadcast (19.3 Mbps for ATSC DTV) SDTV Production (Contribution 4:2:2 I-frame only) HDTV Production (Contribution 4:4:4 I-frame 10-bit)

MPEG-4 AVC / H.264 Compressed VideoSDTV Broadcast (about 50% less than MPEG-2) HDTV Broadcast (1080i about 4x SDTV)33

6 9 Mbps

Provides ~ 200:1 compression of HDTVCopyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

Packetization into a MPEG-2 SPTSSingle Program Transport Stream (SPTS)Timing InformationCBR or VBR encoded

27 MHz clock PCRs

Contains a single video program with associated audio, data, etc.Video PES Audio PES Audio PES

PTSs

Video Input Audio Inputs

Video Encoder Audio Encoder

MPEG-2 or MPEG-4 AVC SDTV or HDTV Video Elementary Stream MPEG-1 Level 2 (Musicam) or Dolby AC-3 5.1 Surround Audio Elementary Stream

Packetizer Packetizer

MPEG-2 Transport Stream Mux

MPEG-2 SPTS to network or storage

Alternate audio tracks

Generates a sequence of 188 byte SPTS packets:188 bytes MPEG-2 SPTS packet 188 bytes MPEG-2 SPTS packet

PAT (PID=0) & PMT188 bytes MPEG-2 SPTS packet 188 bytes MPEG-2 SPTS packet MPE SPTS p

SI data

Video

Video

Audio

Video

Transport Stream defined by ISO/IEC 13818-1 (ITU-T H.222.0)

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Each packet identified by a 13-bit PID valueCopyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

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MPEG-2 SPTS over UDP/IP Video Delivery188 bytes G-2 packet MPEG-2 SPTS packet 188 bytes MPEG-2 SPTS packet 188 bytes MPEG-2 SPTS packet 188 bytes MPEG-2 SPTS packet 188 bytes MPEG-2 SPTS packet 188 bytes MPEG-2 SPTS packet 188 bytes MPEG-2 SPTS packet MPE SPTS p

Time ltiple complete EG-2 packets1-7 * 188 bytesC R C

Typically 7 MPEG-2 SPTS packets per 1362 byte Ethernet PDU

...

P M H A Y C

I P v 4

U D P

Multiple complete MPEG-2 packets1-7 * 188 bytes

C R C

...

P H Y

M A C

I P v 4

U D P

Multiple MPEG-2

4

8 14 20

8

4

8 14 20

8 1-7 * 188 b

Standard Ethernet 1518 bytes max

One to seven MPEG-2 Single Program Transport Stream (SPTS) packets per Ethernet frame delivered directly over UDP/IP/Ethernet For each 3.75 Mbps MPEG-2 SD stream, one Ethernet frame every ~ 2.8 msec For each 15.0 Mbps MPEG-2 HD stream, one Ethernet frame every ~ 0.7 msec

Up to 250 streams at 3.75 Mbps/stream per Gigabit Ethernet output UDP/IP/GigE delivery overhead is approximately 1 - (7*188/1370) = 4%35

Common format today for cable VODCopyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

Real Time Protocol (RTP)

Internet-standard for transport of real-time data, including audio and video Used for media on-demand as well as interactive services such as telephony.

RTP standard (IETF RFC 3550 July 2003) consists of data and control. The latter is RTCP (Real Time Control Protocol). RTP supports real-time applications with continuous media (e.g. audio & video), including timing reconstruction, loss detection, security and content id. RTCP provides quality-of-service feedback from receivers to the sender(s) as well as support for the synchronization of different media streams.

Provides IP network visibility into video stream timing and packet loss36

Enables network to better support video deliveryCopyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

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MPEG-2 SPTS over RTP/UDP/IP Delivery188 bytes G-2 acket MPEG-2 SPTS packet 188 bytes MPEG-2 SPTS packet 188 bytes MPEG-2 SPTS packet 188 bytes MPEG-2 SPTS packet 188 bytes MPEG-2 SPTS packet 188 bytes MPEG-2 SPTS packet 188 bytes MPEG-2 SPTS packet MPE SPTS p

Time iple complete EG-2 packets1-7 * 188 bytesC R C

Typically 7 MPEG-2 SPTS packets per 1374 byte Ethernet PDU

...

P M H A Y C

I P v 4

U D P

R T P

Multiple complete MPEG-2 packets1-7 * 188 bytes

C R C

...

P H Y

M A C

I P v 4

U D P

R T P

Multiple MPEG-2

4

8 14 20

8 12

4

8 14 20 8 12 1-7 * 188

Standard Ethernet 1518 bytes max

Adds RTP-layer time stamp, sequence number, and other capabilities defined by IETF RFC 3550 (RTP) and RFC 2250 (MPEG over RTP) Still integral number of MPEG-2 TS packets per RTP message For each 2 Mbps MPEG-4 AVC SD stream, Ethernet frame every 5.264 msec For each 8 Mbps MPEG-4 AVC HD stream, Ethernet frame every 1.316 msec

RTP/UDP/IP/GigE overhead is approximately 1 - (7*188/1382) = 5%37

Preferred Stack for all Real-time streams on IPCopyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

Real Time Control Protocol (RTCP) RTP control protocol (RTCP)Sender Report

Periodic transmission of control packets to all participants in the session, using same distribution mechanism as the data packets

Sender (SR) & Receiver (RR) Reports provide feedback on RTP transmission Feedback Includes:Timestamps (NTP, DLSR and LSR), which further allows calculation of Round-Trip Time Packet counts Inter-arrival jitter (variation in delay) Fraction of packets lost Cumulative number of packet lost

Making it scalable via aggregation

Receiver Report

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Provides feedback to network regarding streamsCopyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

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Simplified Set Top Box (STB) Data FlowPrivate data To CPU Video data

STBs MPEG Video Decode Buffer

CBR/VBR Packets

STBs Network Buffer De-jittering Re-ordering FEC / Re-xmit

Transport Demux

Video

Audio data

STBs MPEG Audio Decode Buffer

audio

TV

1. Packets enter the network buffer

2. Transport Demux separates video and audio

3. When buffer is ~ full, Audio and Video Decoders play from Buffer

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Its All About Reliably Delivering the ExperienceCopyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

Cables Session Setup & Stream Control Control only, not data Session Setup Protocol (SSP) for session setup Lightweight Stream Control Protocol (LSCP) for play, pause, resume, status, reset, and jump stream control with NPT timing and scale (rate) Derived from ISO/IEC 13818-6 MPEG-2 DSM-CC originally by TWC Small binary messages; designed for ATM environments Video stream is delivered Out-Of-Band usually using UDP over IPClientA r c h I t e c t u r e

System Resource Manager (SRM)Client-Session-SetUp-Request Server-Session-SetUp-Indication Server-Add-Resource-Request Server-Add-Resource-Confirm Server-Session-Setup-Response Client-Session-SetUp-Confirm Client LSCP Connect Request

Server

A 3 P a r t y

Client-Session-Proceeding-Indication

time

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Creating and Controlling the Video SessionCopyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

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Telcos Session Setup & Stream Control Control only, not data IETF RTSP (RFC 2326) for VOD Session Setup and Stream Control Developed by IETF MMUSIC working group (who also developed SIP) Textual keyword-based protocol derived from HTTP 1.1. Uses SDP. IGMPv3 (or IGMPv2) for network-level Broadcast Channel Change Video stream is delivered Out-Of-Band usually using RTP/UDP over IP

RTSP Methods: Announce, Describe, Setup, Get_Parameter, Options, Play, Pause, Redirect, & TeardownClient SETUP rtsp://server/StarWars.mpt RTSP/1.0 CSeq: 2 Transport: RTP/MP2T/UDP;unicast; client_port=3456-3457 RTSP/1.0 200 OK CSeq: 2 Transport: RTP/MP2T/UDP;unicast; client_port=3456-3457;server_port=9000-9001 Session: 12345678 PLAY rtsp://server/StarWars.mpt RTSP/1.0 CSeq: 3 Range: npt=0Session: 12345678

RTSP Headers include:Accept, Allow, Authorization, Bandwidth, Blocksize, Connection, Content-Length, Content-Type, CSeq, Date, Expires, From, If-Modified-Sense, Last-Modified, Proxy-Require, Range, Require, RTP-Info, Scale, Server, Session, Speed, Timestamp, Transport, Unsupported, User-Agent, Via, WWW-Authenticate

Server

Client

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time

Creating and Controlling the Video SessionCopyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.


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Network Support for IPTVEnsuring Quality of ExperienceI ask not for a lighter burden, but for broader shoulders. Jewish Proverb

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< 10-6 PLR Requirement for Video Most critical: Packet Loss Ratio (PLR) Video is compressed; Each packet carries multiple frames Any loss likely causes visible artifact for a varying amount of time

Based on rule of thumb: no more than one artifact per 2 hour movie For MPEG-2 Standard Definition content @ 3.75 Mbps this translates to a PLR of (7 x 188 x 8) / (3,750,000 x 3600 x 2) = < 0.390 x 10-6 MPEG-4 AVC or SMPTE VC-1 High Definition @ 6 Mbps requires a PLR of (7 x 188 x 8) / (6,000,000 x 3600 x 2) = < 0.244 x 10-6

Thus packet losses MUST be avoided! Causes for Packet Loss:

Solve via accurate stream pacing

1) Set Top Box Jitter or CODEC Buffer Overflow 2) IP Router or Switch Buffer Overflow Solve with CAC + DiffServ 3) Bit Errors on Physical Links

Solve excessive bit errors on non-fiber (wireless or copper) links using supplemental higher-level FEC or re-transmissions A deeper link-layer FEC over burdens VoIP & data applications

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MPEG-4 SVC could mitigate this requirementCopyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

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Network Call Admission ControlBroadcast TVMulticast CACPolicy Server

CAC

2IPTV Channel Change

Channel request Multicast CAC

Routers

Broadcast Source RTE

1

4

Request Denied/ Accepted

Available Bandwidth Check

3


Video on DemandUnicast CAC

Policy Server Session request

Against a DiffServ prioritized % of link bandwidthsVoD Servers

2

RoutersRSVP-CAC

1

VoD Request

4

Request Denied/ Accepted


3


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Its about avoiding Congestion Packet LossCopyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

Forward Error Correction for video Pro-MPEG Forums Code of Practice #3 (CoP3) Completed mid 2004, passed to Video Services Forum Standardized by TC-N26 as SMPTE 2022-1 in March 2007

Simple Parity-based FEC scheme Relies on simple block XOR () operations 1D or 2D interleaved codes tunable specific sizes Non-compatible extension of IETF RFC 2733 FEC scheme

Stream partitioned into sequential source blocks Each block is a set of original data packets protected by FEC FEC adds additional redundant packets to source block

Protection period (block size) Determines encoding/decoding latency and protection window

Protection amount (# redundant symbols / # source symbols) Determines % FEC overheadwww.videoservicesforum.org

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Systematic Erasure FEC correcting packet lossCopyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

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CoP3 FEC 1D or 2D Code ConstructionL columns + if 2D: Source block composed

0 6D rows

1 7

2 8

3 9

4

5

F0 F1 F2 F3

10 11

12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35XOR operations

F4 F5Optional row repair packets

F0 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5Column repair (parity) packets47

of L x D source packets numbered in sending order L x D 100 1 L 20 4 D 20 Each repair packet is the XOR of the packets in a column (and optionally row) Maximum 20 rows implies minimum FEC overhead of 5% for 1D Maximum 100 packets per source block implies minimum FEC overhead of 20% for 2D (10 x 10 block)

2D gives more protection but at higher overheadCopyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

Example of 2D FEC Packet Recovery6x6 data matrix with 9 data packets lost and 1 FEC packet lost

0 6 12 18 24 30FEC0

1 7 13 19 25 31FEC1

2 8 14 20 26 32FEC2

3 9 15 21 27 33FEC3

4 10 16 22 28 34FEC4

5 11 17 23 29 35FEC5

FEC0 FEC1

FEC3 FEC4 FEC5

The 9 missing data packets are successfully recovered !!!48

Similar to solving a Sudoku puzzleCopyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

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CoP3 FEC Sensitivity to Loss Patterns0 6 1 7 2 8 3 9 4 5 F0 F1 F2 Example CoP3 code 2D XOR(L,D) = 2D XOR(6,6) Source block size = 36 packets 2D code needs 12 repair packets (33% FEC overhead)

10 11

12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 F0 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5

F3 Undecodable pattern F4 F5 All repair packets received, but 4 lost source packets (only 8.3% loss)

Decoding fails By contrast, Digital Fountain Raptor 10 is not affected by specific packet loss patterns

49

Low probability if already low packet lossCopyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

Digital Fountain Raptor Codes Raptor uses XOR operations but generates each encoded repair symbol independently Recovery requires slightly greater than number of source symbols independent of loss. No loss pattern dependency.encoding process

Approaches theoretical performance bound for FEC codes Linear-time encoding/decoding, Raptor is a rateless fountain code Maximizes packet loss protection, delivered reliability Minimizes required processing and memory resources Minimizes bandwidth overhead and network deployment costs

Adopted and standardized as a mandatory component of DVB-H and 3GPPs Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service Protecting IP-based services over GSM-based 3G cellular networks

But a patented and licensed FEC implementation50

www.digitalfountain.com

Raptor 10 is also a Systematic Erasure codeCopyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

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DVB-IPIs Hybrid FEC Scheme for IPTV(40%)

Minimum FEC overhead required

(COP3 = SMPTE 2022-1) (Raptor = Digital Fountain Raptor 10)

COP3 insufficient

Region where optional DF Raptor FEC may be added Region where only COP3 used

Packet loss rate51

(log scale)

Leveraging best features of COP3 & DF FECsCopyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

Retransmission on Access Networks Error rates on DSL access links are high enough to worry about Cant easily achieve less than one video glitch per 2 hour movie

Bulk L1/L2 FEC (Forward Error Correction) not an attractive option Eats bandwidth (usable ADSL2+ capacity can drop from 28 to 18 mbps) Introduces significant delays for other traffic (e.g. VoIP)

Application layer FEC also has constant bandwidth overhead and is hard to tune for both BER and burst or congestive losses DSL errors tend to group into 8 ms outages Due to link layer Reed Solomon FEC failures

Re-transmission on access is attractive since RTTs are short Optimal use of bandwidth, only use bandwidth when correcting errors

Good news!There is an excellent standard scheme for doing this with RTP You just have to read between the lines

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Another way to solve the packet loss problemCopyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

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Visual Quality Experience TechnologyA Cisco-defined technology to do: Real-time video error repair Initially via re-transmissions In the future including FEC

Plus scalable, standard-based Rapid Channel Change Maximize QoE

Video Quality Diagnostics RTCP aggregation

Set Top Box

Components consists of: VQE-S server side VQE-C client side for STBs (open sourced) Phase 1: CDE110 Network Appliance Phase 2: Integrated into Cisco 7600 Edge Router

Based on IETF RFCs: 2250, 3350, 3551, 4585, 4588, and draft-ietf-avt-rtcpssm-1453

VQE intends to do for networked video what Dolby did for stereo

Protecting IPTV Quality of Experience (QoE)Copyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

Retransmission Protocol Mechanics STB gets nervous after noticing (optional) FEC is over-run STB sends RTCP NAK to feedback target with bitmap of missing packets

Details of operationRTCP Summary

SSM Distributio n Source

Feedback target pulls missing packets out of the cache and retransmits them Retransmission is on a separate unicast RTP repair session (or multicast session if sufficient collated error reports)RTP Multicast StreamCacheRTCP NAK (45, 46, 50)

STBRTP Receiver Code

Reception stats of each STB are sent periodically in RTCP Receiver Reports (RR) to feedback address To monitor end-to-end QoE

RTP Retrans (45) RTP Retrans (46)

Jitter Buffer

Feedback targets send summary reports to distribution source Provides both fine-grained and aggregated reception quality data

VQE-Sat edge(SSM Feedback Target)

RTP Retrans (50)

MPEG Decoder RTCP RR (lost 3 packets)

54

Distance to VQE-S determines jitter buffer reqs.Copyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

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Rapid Channel Change (RCC)Access Net

Existing Multicast Stream IGMP Leave VQE Signaling

V Q E

Prime Decoder & Report Burst Shape IGMP JoinAccess Net

Buffer fill

S T B

Time

New Multicast Stream STB Merges the Unicast/Multicast Streams and Discards the Duplicates

Unicast Stream Multicast Stream Control Messages

Channel Change completed in < 1 secondWorks with both MPEG-2 & MPEG-4 AVC video streams

Standards Based RCC using standard Real-Time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP) Just like error repair (which it effectively is)55

Fast Fills IP-STB buffer from VQE CacheCopyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

Emerging IPTV StandardsITU-T, ATIS-IIF, DVB, ETSI, The nicest thing about standards is that there are so many of them to choose from. Andres S. Tannenbaum

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IPTV Operators Quest for Standards Standards enable Service Providers to: Deliver a common experience to any consumers preferred device Use any access technology, wired or wireless, fixed or mobile Leverage best-of-breed components Take advantage of increased common manufacturing volumes Spend less time on integration and N x M interoperability testing Avoid specific vendor lock-in Define & satisfy regulatory requirements Deploy proven, scalable, & reliable solutions57

Proprietary Solutions No Longer SufficientCopyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

DVB: Digital Video Broadcasting 260+ Member Organizations from 35 Countrieswww.dvb.org Content providers, Consumer electronics, Broadcast hardware, software, networking & silicon vendors, Service providers, Network operators, Regulatory bodies & other SDOs

Issues standards via European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) Steering Group sets overall direction, IPR Module sets IPR policy, Commercial Module sets requirements, Technical Module fulfills them

IPTV-related Working Groups: CM-AVC Audio-Visual Coding CM-CP Copy Protection CM-IPTV IP Television CM-HE Head-ends CM-MHP Set Top Box CM-PVR PVR Standards CM-SEC Security TM-S2 2nd gen DVB-Satellite TM-SSP Hybrid devices58

TM-AVC Audio-Visual Coding VIDEO over IP TM-CBMS Mobile TV TM-CPT Copy Protection Technologies TM-CSA Common Scrambling Algorithm TM-GBS Generic Data Broadcast & SI TM-HEAD DVB Simulcrypt TM-IPI IP Infrastructure TM-MG Measurement Group TM-TAM MHP Technical Aspects TM-H DVB-T changes for Mobile DVB-H

Long established European Digital Video SDOCopyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

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DVB-IPI Standard (ETSI TS 102 034 v1.3.1)Committee Subgroups: AL-FEC/Reliability Home Networking Service Discovery & Selection Remote Management Content Downloading Content Protection Browser Based Control MHP IPTV client Hybrid (broadcast+IPTV) Defines: Metadata, Profiles Video over IP Architecture Transport of MPEG-2 TS over IP IP Address allocation, QoS support Network Time Services Network Provisioning & Identification Service Discovery & Selection Broadband Content Guide RTSP client for broadcast & On-Demand Ethernet & IEEE 1394 Home Networks59

Specification Structure:

Transport of DVB services over IP networksCopyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

ATIS IPTV Interoperability Forum Formed June 2005 to work on IPTV standards ATIS-IIF Task Forces:1) Architecture 2) QoS Metrics 3) Digital Rights Management 4) Testing and Interoperability 5) Metadata and Transaction Datawww.atis.org/iif

North American Telco-driven (some international) 5 operators: AT&T, BT, Qwest, Rogers, Verizon (IIF chair), 44 vendors: Adtran, Alcatel-Lucent, Amdocs, Cisco/SA, Digital Fountain,Ericsson, Harris, Hitachi, HP, Huawei, Intel, Irdeto, JDSU, Juniper, LG, Microsoft, Motorola, Nagra, NDS, Nielsen Media, Nortel, Philips, Sony, Sun, Symmetricom, Tandberg, Tektronix, Telchemy, Telcordia, Thomson, Verimatrix, Widevine, etc.60

Building upon existing standards (e.g. DVB)Copyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

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Current ATIS-IIF SpecificationsNumber Title Date 05/01/07 05/16/06 08/28/06 12/22/06 01/11/07 02/16/07 04/11/07 08/13/07 01/04/08 ATIS-0800001.v2 IPTV DRM Interoperability Requirements ATIS-0800002 ATIS-0800003 ATIS-0800004 ATIS-0800005 ATIS-0800006 ATIS-0800007 ATIS-0800008 ATIS-0800011 IPTV Architecture Requirements IPTV Architecture Roadmap IPTV QoS Framework Document IPTV Packet Loss Issue Report IIF Default Scrambling Algorithm (IDSA) IPTV High Level Architecture QoS Metrics for Linear Broadcast IPTV QoS Metrics for Public Services

Plus ~34 working text specifications in progress61

Next meeting Myrtle Beach, SC on Feb 5-8, 2008Copyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

International Telecommunications Union Worlds oldest International Organization Established in 1865, at level of United Nations, was CCITT Worlds top Telecommunications Standards Organization ITU-T = Telecommunications Sector (wired)www.itu.int

ITU-T Study Groups related to IPTV: 4: Telecommunication Management 5: EMI, EMC, & Environment Protection 9: Cable Networks, TV & Sound Transmission 11: Signalling Requirements and Protocols 12: Quality of Service and Performance 13: Next Generation Networks (NGN) Parent SG for IPTV FG 15: Optical and other Access and Transport Networks 16: Multimedia Terminals, Systems, and Applications 17: Security, Languages and Telecom Software 19: Mobile Telecommunications (lead Study Groups underlined)Mr. Houlin Zhao ITU Deputy Secretary Initiating TSB Director

Mr. Malcom Johnson Current TSB Director

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International Forum aligning IPTV StandardsCopyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

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ITU-T IPTV Focus Group IPTV Focus Group Background Setup in April 2006 in response to demand for global IPTV standards Global industry support (China, Korea, Japan, USA, EU, SPs & vendors) Everything is public at web site: www.itu.int/ITU-T/IPTV

Charter & Goals Identify IPTV scenarios, requirements, and framework architecture Review and do gap analysis of existing & ongoing IPTV standards efforts Build on existing standards, Encourage interoperability with them

Meetings Seven meetings held: July 2006 in Geneva, Oct 2006 in Busan Korea, Jan 2007 in Mountain View California, May 2007 in Bled Slovenia, July 2007 in Geneva, Oct 2007 in Tokyo Japan, Dec 2007 in Malta

Status: Work Completed Transitioning to: IPTV-GSI IPTV JCA (www.itu.int/itu-t/jca/iptv) allocating output to Study Groups Transitioning to IPTV Global Standards Initiative (www.itu.int/itu-t/gsi/iptv)

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First IPTV-GSI meeting Jan 15-22, 2008 in Seoul KoreaCopyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

ITU-T IPTV FG Working Groups WG1 - Architecture and Requirements Scenarios; Requirements; Service definitions; Architecture Relationships with other services and networks

WG2 - QoS and Performance Aspects QoS/QoE; Performance; Traffic management

WG3 - Service Security and Contents Protection Digital Rights Mgmt, Security, Authentication, Authorization

WG4 - IPTV Network Control Protocols, naming, addressing, identification, multicast control

WG5 - End Systems & Interoperability Aspects Consumer domain, End Terminals, Home networking, Remote mgmt

WG6 - Middleware, Application & Content Platforms EPG, Channel processing, Middleware, Audio and Video coding Metadata, Content discovery, Multimedia application platforms, APIs64

100s of experts from over 25 nations participatedCopyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

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ITU-T IPTV Focus Group OutputWG1 WG1 WG1 WG1 WG2 WG2 WG2 WG2 WG3 WG4 WG4 WG4 WG5 WG5 WG6 WG6 WG6 WG6 WG6 PLEN FG IPTV-DOC-0147 FG IPTV-DOC-0181 FG IPTV-DOC-0182 FG IPTV-DOC-0183 FG IPTV-DOC-0184 FG IPTV-DOC-0185 FG IPTV-DOC-0186 FG IPTV-DOC-0187 FG IPTV-DOC-0188 FG IPTV-DOC-0189 FG IPTV-DOC-0190 FG IPTV-DOC-0191 FG IPTV-DOC-0192 FG IPTV-DOC-0193 FG IPTV-DOC-0194 FG IPTV-DOC-0195 FG IPTV-DOC-0196 FG IPTV-DOC-0197 FG IPTV-DOC-0198 FG IPTV-DOC-019966 pages 82 pages 36 pages 6 pages 34 pages 19 pages 17 pages 37 pages 54 pages 38 pages 50 pages 11 pages 39 pages 64 pages 21 pages 62 pages 14 pages 20 pages 23 pages 15 pages

IPTV Service Requirements IPTV Architecture Service Scenarios for IPTV Gap Analysis Quality of Experience requirements for IPTV Traffic management mechanism in support of IPTV Application layer error recovery mechanisms for IPTV Performance monitoring for IPTV IPTV security aspects IPTV network control aspects IPTV multicast frameworks IPTV related protocols Aspects of IPTV end system Terminal device Aspects of home network supporting IPTV services IPTV Middleware, Applications, and Content Platforms Toolbox for Content Coding IPTV Middleware IPTV Metadata Standards for IPTV Multimedia Application Platforms IPTV vocabulary of terms

Total 708 pages 43 MB in size Built upon existing proven standards and consensus Common world IPTV standards A work in progress

Developed over 20 months at 7 meetings from 1130 contributions and 120 liaisons

65

Posted at: http://www.itu.int/md/T05-FG.IPTV-071211-DOC/enCopyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

Other IPTV-related Standards Organizations

66

It seems every SDO wants to be part of IPTVCopyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

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In Conclusion:

IPTVWhat does it really mean?It means: - Television you fully control - Any content, any time, any place - Television that can take you anywhere - Unlimited visual interactive applications - New storytelling possibilities - The Next Generation of Television67 Copyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

SMPTE and VSF 2008 Joint Conference

February 10 13 in Houston Texas To register visit us at www.smpte.org Early-bird rate for registration through 01/18/2007


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SMPTE PDA Now Next MonthThursday February 14, 2008 - 1:00 PM 2:00 PM Eastern

Transitioning to Tapeless Digital Media: What to Expect - Lessons Learned from Those Who Made The ChangeRegister now at www.smpte.org Select the Education tab at the top


Thank you to our SMPTE PDA Now Premium Sponsors for their generous support70 Copyright 2008 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. All rights reserved.

1/18/2008


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Thank you!Thanks to our Speaker and to you for your support of SMPTE and SMPTE PDA Now!71


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Iptv Ppt Smpte Pda Now 01-17-2008 Iptv

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