INVESTICE DO ROZVOJE VZDĚLÁVÁNÍ TENTO PROJEKT JE SPOLUFINANCOVÁN EVROPSKÝM SOCIÁLNÍM FONDEM A STÁTNÍM ROZPOČTEM ČESKÉ REPUBLIKY -1- APPEASEMENT, LEAD UP TO THE SECOND WORLD WAR APPEASEMENT, LEAD UP TO THE SECOND WORLD WAR TASK 1: Which of the post war problems were not solved by 1933? Which countries were most likely to challenge the post war peace arrangements? Which territories did they want to gain? Japan 1931 – occupied Manchuria and installed the last Chinese emperor Pu-Yi as ruler of their puppet state Manchukuo 1933 – when the League of Nations condemned Japanese aggression Japan left the League 1937 – bombing of Shanghai – the first mass bombing of civilians, all the world shocked by its brutality, regular war with China began TASK 2: What effect could pictures from Shanghai have on the public opinion in Europe? TASK 3: What conclusion could Hitler have reached concerning Japanese actions and their results?
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I N V E S T I C E D O R O Z V O J E V Z D Ě L Á V Á N Í
TENTO PROJEKT JE SPOLUFINANCOVÁN EVROPSKÝM SOCIÁLNÍM FONDEM A STÁTNÍM ROZPOČTEM ČESKÉ REPUBLIKY
- 1 - APPEASEMENT, LEAD UP TO THE SECOND WORLD WAR
APPEASEMENT, LEAD UP TO THE SECOND WORLD WAR
TASK 1: Which of the post war problems were not solved by 1933? Which countries were most likely to challenge the post war peace arrangements? Which territories did they want to gain?
Japan
1931 – occupied Manchuria and installed the last Chinese emperor Pu-Yi as ruler of their puppet state Manchukuo
1933 – when the League of Nations condemned Japanese aggression Japan left the League
1937 – bombing of Shanghai – the first mass bombing of civilians, all the world shocked by its brutality, regular war with China began
TASK 2: What effect could pictures from Shanghai have on the public opinion in Europe?
TASK 3: What conclusion could Hitler have reached concerning Japanese actions and their results?
I N V E S T I C E D O R O Z V O J E V Z D Ě L Á V Á N Í
TENTO PROJEKT JE SPOLUFINANCOVÁN EVROPSKÝM SOCIÁLNÍM FONDEM A STÁTNÍM ROZPOČTEM ČESKÉ REPUBLIKY
- 2 - APPEASEMENT, LEAD UP TO THE SECOND WORLD WAR
Appeasement
1932-1933 The World Disarmament Conference in Geneva
Chemical weapons and bombing of civilians banned
x no agreement concerning disarmament
1933 Germany left the League of Nations in protest that only Germany was forced to disarm after the First World War
TASK 4: How was the German army limited by the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?
1933 Hitler prepared for the rearmament of the German army in secret
1935 Saarland, plebiscite, the majority of inhabitants voted for ………………
1935 Hitler officially announced his rearmament scheme
1935 Stresa Front – Britain, France and Italy agreed to act together if Hitler violated the Treaty of Versailles
TASK 5: Why did Mussolini attempt to stop Hitler and decided to cooperate with Britain and France?
1935 Naval Agreement between Britain and Germany, Germany allowed to build its navy to the size of 1/3 of the British navy
1935-1936 War in Abyssinia – Italy occupied Abyssinia, the Emperor Haile Selassie protested in the League of Nations, but
without any response.
1935 Hoare-Laval pact – instead of stopping Italian occupation, Britain and France proposed a division of Abyssinia, giving most of it to Italy, Mussolini refused to acccept this offer
1936 Rhineland, German army marched into the Rhineland facing no opposition
1936 Rome-Berlin Axis formed
I N V E S T I C E D O R O Z V O J E V Z D Ě L Á V Á N Í
TENTO PROJEKT JE SPOLUFINANCOVÁN EVROPSKÝM SOCIÁLNÍM FONDEM A STÁTNÍM ROZPOČTEM ČESKÉ REPUBLIKY
- 3 - APPEASEMENT, LEAD UP TO THE SECOND WORLD WAR
Spanish Civil War 1936-1939
In 1935 - 1936 popular fronts against fascism were formed in many European countries consisting mainly of left wing parties.
In Spain this radical left wing coalition won the elections and formed the new government.
Spanish fascist led by generals Mola and Franco decided to overthrow the government.
TASK 6: Which countries supported the two sides of the Civil War? How did they help?
Republicans (radical left) x Fascists
1937 bombing of Guernica – the world shocked and horrified by the destruction caused
TASK 6: What can we learn about the horrors of war from the famous Picasso’s picture the Guernica?
I N V E S T I C E D O R O Z V O J E V Z D Ě L Á V Á N Í
TENTO PROJEKT JE SPOLUFINANCOVÁN EVROPSKÝM SOCIÁLNÍM FONDEM A STÁTNÍM ROZPOČTEM ČESKÉ REPUBLIKY
- 4 - APPEASEMENT, LEAD UP TO THE SECOND WORLD WAR
1938 Anschluss of Austria, Austria occupied, plebiscite confirmed that most Austrians wished to join with Germany
TASK 7: How does the cartoon evaluate the plebiscite in Austria?
Sudetenland
'a quarrel in a far-away land between peoples of whom we know nothing.' (N.Chamberlain, 1938)
1937 Fall Grün, German plan of occupation of Sudetenland
1938 April Carlsbad, Sudetendeutsche Partai demanded full autonomy
1938 May, partial mobilization of the Czechoslovak army
Britain and France started war preparations, digging air raid shelters
1939 September 15, Berchtesgaden, Chamberlain visited Hitler
Sep 19, Britain and France suggested that territories with more than 50% of German inhabitants should be ceded to Germany
Sep 22. Bad Godesberg – Chamberlain informed Hitler that the Czechoslovak government accepted the plan, but Hitler put forward more demands
Sep 22, the new Czechoslovak government refused to cede any territory
Sep 23, mobilisation of Czechoslovak army
Hitler’s ultimatum
Munich Conference, Sep 29-30 representatives of Germany ………………….., Italy ……………………. Britain ……………………… and France ……………………………… met and agreed that Sudetenland should be given to Germmany by Oct 10.
I N V E S T I C E D O R O Z V O J E V Z D Ě L Á V Á N Í
TENTO PROJEKT JE SPOLUFINANCOVÁN EVROPSKÝM SOCIÁLNÍM FONDEM A STÁTNÍM ROZPOČTEM ČESKÉ REPUBLIKY
- 5 - APPEASEMENT, LEAD UP TO THE SECOND WORLD WAR
TASK 8: How do the following sources describe the crisis in Sudetenland 1938?
‚We, the German Fuhrer and Chancellor, and the British Prime Minister, have had a further meeting today and are agreed in recognizing that the question of Anglo-German relations is of the first importance for our two countries and for Europe.
We regard the agreement signed last night and the Anglo-German Naval Agreement as symbolic of the desire of our two peoples never to go to war with one another again.
We are resolved that the method of consultation shall be the method adopted to deal with any other questions that may concern our two countries, and we are determined to continue our efforts to remove possible sources of difference, and thus to contribute
to assure the peace of Europe.
My good friends, for the second time in our history, a British Prime Minister has returned from Germany bringing peace with honour. I believe it is "peace for our time." Go home and get a nice quiet sleep.‘
Neville Chamberlain on his return from the Munich Conference, Sep 30, 1938
‘Why should we take a stand about someone pushing someone else when it’s all so far away?’
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