Introduction to the Philosophy of Human Person...Doing Philosophy Introduction to the Philosophy of Human Person Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 – Module 1: Doing Philosophy

Introduction to the

Philosophy of Human

Person Quarter 1 – Module 1:

Doing Philosophy

Introduction to the Philosophy of Human Person Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 – Module 1: Doing Philosophy First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

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Development Team of the Module

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Editor: Joel Valenzuela

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Management Team: Edna Faura-Agustin, Schools Division Superintendent

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Mary Ann L. Tatlongmaria, EdD, CID Chief

Evelyn P. De Castro, EPS-LRMS

Joel L. Valenzuela, Division ADM Coordinator

Introduction to the

Philosophy of Human Person

Quarter 1 – Module 1:

Doing Philosophy

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Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Introduction to the Philosophy of Human Person – Grade 12

Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Distinguishing Holistic Perspective and

Partial Point of View!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both

from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping

the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming

their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent

learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help

learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their

needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of

the module:

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.

You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage

their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the

learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that

will help you in guiding the learners.

iii

For the learner:

Welcome to the Philosophy of Human Person – Grade 12 Alternative Delivery Mode

(ADM) Module on Distinguishing Holistic Perspective and Partial Point of View!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to

depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and

accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner

is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and

skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for

guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to

process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know

This will give you an idea of the skills or

competencies you are expected to learn in the

module.

What I Know

This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the

lesson to take. If you get all the answers

correct (100%), you may decide to skip this

module.

What’s In

This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New

In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a

story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an

activity or a situation.

What is It

This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and

understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More

This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and

skills of the topic. You may check the

answers to the exercises using the Answer

Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned

This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process

what you learned from the lesson.

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What I Can Do

This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill

into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment

This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning

competency.

Additional Activities

In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the

lesson learned. This also tends retention of

learned concepts.

Answer Key

This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the

module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.

2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities

included in the module.

3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.

4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.

5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.

6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not

hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are

not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and

gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

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What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master

the nature of Philosophy. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many

different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary

level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the

course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with

the textbook you are now using.

This module consists of 1 lesson:

1. Doing Philosophy: Distinguishing holistic perspective from a partial

point of view.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

• Define Philosophy based on its etymological meaning

• Understand Philosophy in its real sense

• Realize that a particular phenomenon may have various interpretations

based on one’s perspectives

• Distinguish holistic perspective from a partial point of view

• Realize that having holistic perspectives in life based on philosophical

question leads to a philosophical reflection

• Appreciate the history of Philosophy which shows how the perspectives

of early Greek philosophers paves the way to a holistic understanding

of Philosophy

What I Know

Direction: Analyze and Share: In the empty box, put a tick mark (/) on the

experience that you think expresses moments of being in the world of philosophy.

Leave blank the item/s which you think are not.

1. Your father went to Divisoria, called your mother via CP and asked her

what items he needs to buy.

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2. Your father went to Divisoria, called your mother via CP and asked her

how much the budget is to spend for the items.

3. Your father went to Divisoria, called your mother via CP and asked her

why it is wise to buy in Divisoria than in the mall.

4. Your father went to Divisoria, called your mother via CP and asked her

why items in Divisoria are cheaper than the items in the mall.

5. Your father went to Divisoria and asked himself why do people spend

money to buy things when supposedly these are God-given gifts to all.

Answer the following in your separate answer sheet.

1. Which item did you choose? Answer the following sub-

questions:

a. Is it item 1? Why or Why not?

b. Is it item 2? Why or Why not?

c. Is it item 3? Why or Why not?

d. Is it item 4? Why or Why not?

e. Is it item 5? Why or Why not?

2. Which item introduces us to a holistic perspective? Why?

3. Based on your analysis, how do you differentiate holistic perspective

from a partial point of view?

Lesson

1 Distinguishing Holistic

Perspective and Partial Point of View

What’s In

The activity below provides us the idea that even if we are looking at one and the same phenomenon or stimulus, the possibility of extracting differences in our

observation exists. Why does it happen? Why do we have different perspectives?

Activity 1: Observe and Reflect. Look at the following images and answer the

corresponding questions.

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Is this glass half full or half empty? Why? ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________

___________________________________

Do you see two different things? What are

those? How does it happen? ______________________________________________

______________________________________________ ______________________________________________

______________________________________________

What do you see? Do you the dot or the

white around the dot? Why?

________________________________________ ________________________________________

________________________________________ ________________________________________

What’s New

Activity 2: Watch and Share: Watch a 2:15 – minute video clip and share your

answer on the following questions after the poem.

Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Tln3usoDIw

THE BLIND MEN AND THE ELEPHANT.

A HINDOO FABLE.

It was six men of Indostan The fourth reached out his eager hand,

To learning much inclined, And felt about the knee.

Who went to see the Elephant “What most this wondrous beast is like

(Though all of them were blind), Is mighty plain,” quoth he;

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That each by observation “T is clear enough the Elephant

Might satisfy his mind. Is very like a tree!”

The First approached the Elephant, The fifth, who chanced to touch the ear

And happening to fall Said: “E’en the blindest man

Against his broad and sturdy side, Can tell what this resembles most;

At once began to bawl: Deny the fact who can,

"God bless me!—but the Elephant This marvel of an Elephant

Is very like a wall!" Is very like a fan!”

The Second, feeling of the tusk, The sixth no sooner had begun

Cried: "Ho!—what have we here About the beast to grope,

So very round and smooth and sharp? Than, seizing on the swinging tail

To me 't is mighty clear That fell within his scope,

This wonder of an Elephant “I see,” quoth he, “the Elephant

Is very like a spear!" Is very like a rope!”

The Third approached the animal, And so these men of Indostan

And happening to take Disputed loud and long,

The squirming trunk within his hands, Each in his own opinion

Thus boldly up and spake: Exceeding stiff and strong,

"I see," quoth he, "the Elephant Though each was partly in the right

Is very like a snake!" And all were in the wrong!

a. What do you think this parable by John Godfrey Saxe means?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

b. What does this line mean: “Though each was partly in the right and all were in the

wrong”?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

c. How can you relate this parable with the philosophical distinction: holistic

perspective and a partial point of view?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

What is It

Going back to the activity that you did in “What I know”, item 5 is the good

example of a philosophical reflection: “Your father went to Divisoria and asked

himself why do people spend money to buy things when supposedly these are God-

given gifts to all”. Why?

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Let’s analyze each statement.

Item 1: “Your father went to Divisoria, called your mother via CP and asked

her what items he needs to buy.” This is a kind of simple question that requires

simple and definite answer. As such, the conversation ends by providing you the

answer. Does it trigger any philosophical reflection?

Item 2: “Your father went to Divisoria, called your mother via CP and asked

her how much the budget is to spend for the items”. Compared with item 1, this

question requires a kind of mathematical computation, so it could be better that

the first. However, the question also requires an exact answer. Again, the

conversation ends. Does it trigger any philosophical reflection?

Item 3: “Your father went to Divisoria, called your mother via CP and asked

her why it is wise to buy in Divisoria than in the mall”. This is definitely a kind of

high order thinking skill because it requires an ability to compare. When one is

engaged into an act of comparing, then he or uses is actually thinking. And, this

would not provide us a definite and exact answer, as there would be different

opinions that would come out from different people’s perspectives. Does it trigger

a philosophical reflection?

Item 4: “Your father went to Divisoria, called your mother via CP and asked

her why items in Divisoria are cheaper than the items in the mall”. Compared with

item 3, this also belongs to the higher order thinking skills, however, it is more

challenging because it requires an ability not only to compare but to analyze

various perspectives. It pushes us to be more analytical in our judgment. Science

actually can provide us experimentally proven ideas why being vegetarian is more

ideal. But, does it trigger a philosophical reflection?

How about item 5, why is it considered as a good philosophical question

which could trigger a philosophical reflection? Such kind of question pushes us to

be critical thinkers. This separates a simple question from a philosophical

question. Unlike a simple question, philosophical question does not provide us a

definite or ready answer; it is the kind of question that endures or perennially exists

because the answer it gets is also questioned making it endless series of quest for

truth; lastly, it makes sense of our experiences because it affects our being.

For instance, if you were asked: “Why are you here?” What would be your

answer? Maybe you would say: “I am here to study”, “I am here to comply with the

demands of academic requirements”, I am here to comfort you”, etc. If such are the

answers, the question “why are you here?” is just a specific question pertaining to

a particular situation, and not a philosophical question.

How if you perceived that the question: “Why are you here?” is used

contextually similar to “Why do you exist?” or “Why are you here for?” – A SEARCH

FOR MEANING, then, such is a philosophical question, and as such will lead you

to a philosophical reflection. A reflection about the meaning of your life.

A distinction between the universal and the particular will further clarify the

nature of philosophical questions. Particular refers to a part of the whole, while,

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universal pertains to the whole. Example: “Why are you here?”. It is “particular”

if the reason why we ask this question is due to some challenges or struggles we

encounter daily. It is “universal” if the reason why we ask this question is to find

the purpose for existing. It means we involve the totality of our existence. We

include the aspect of “Who” determines our purpose aside from “What” is our

purpose. Therefore, to philosophize is to look at life from a holistic perspective.

Three Characteristics of Philosophical Questions

a. These questions are often very broad or general.

b. There is no single methodology for answering these questions.

c. These questions seem to have no practical utility. They are trivial and

general and serve no practical purpose. The importance of these questions

lies on other disciplines that emerged because somebody dared to ask these

trivial and general questions.

How Philosophy Is Defined

Philosophy comes from two Greek words: Philo which means love, and

Sophia which means wisdom. Thus, we understand Philosophy as a Love of

Wisdom. Essentially significant is its real meaning which states: Philosophy is a

science of sciences of all things that exist (of beings), in their ultimate causes and

principles through the help of human intellect (reason) alone.

1. It is a science of sciences, because it is a systematic body of knowledge

which is not only based on the ideas, theories, and hypothesis but on

knowledge that conforms to reality.

2. Of beings, because from the point of view of metaphysics, it tells everything

that exists, or may exist, of everything knowable. It is therefore qualified as

mother of all sciences because of its much unabridged meaning and scope.

3. In their ultimate cause, because it tells us all about asking and answering

not only the facts and causes but which conforms to reality.

4. Through the help of human intellect alone, because Philosophy deals with

the human metaphysical reason. The main tool of philosophy is the human

reason.

Philosophers are lovers of wisdom because:

1. They are engaged in philosophy and their goal is to become wise. To be wise

is to know the truth. (logic and epistemology)

2. They are far above the usual people we encounter daily. (philosophy of man,

social philosophy)

3. They are not swayed by popular views and are not easily deceived. (politics)

4. They are the best people to seek counsel from for they see things clearly.

(rational psychology and ethics)

5. They know truths ordinary people do not know. (metaphysics, philosophy of

religion, theodicy)

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Looking into the reasons stated above, it must be understood that

philosophers as lovers of wisdom are expectedly having a comprehensive knowledge

and understanding of everything that exists and that can be known by the intellect.

Thus, other disciplines are considered branches of philosophy such as: logic and

epistemology, philosophy of man and social philosophy, politics, rational

psychology and ethics, metaphysics, philosophy of religion and theodicy.

Abridged History before Philosophy

The ancient Greeks were so engrossed with their myths (mythology) about

their gods and goddesses to such an extent that in order to please the gods and

grant their wishes, they would offer some token whenever they needed some favors

from these gods. Around 650 BC, a man from a fishing village in Miletus named

THALES started to diverge from the mythological (relating to, based on, or appearing

in myths or mythology) tradition and sought to answer questions like: “What is that

underlying substance that reality is made of? How do things come to be, change and

pass away? Is there something that remains amidst all these changes?” Then

Philosophy started. THALES was named as the Father of Western Philosophy.

Ancient Philosophy (600 BC – 600 AD) may be characterized as a period that held

the cosmocentric view. PHUSIS = NATURE) Ancient philosophers wondered about

the world (kosmos in Greek). The question that concerned them was the origin of

the universe – the arche (Greek for starting point). “Where did all things come

from?” (Sioco, et. al., 2016).

The Pre-Socratics

Miletus was the ideal place for the first practice of philosophy. As center of

trade and commerce in ancient Greece, it became the melting pot of ideas from

other cultures in other parts of the globe. It was part of ordinary life to hear people

trying to voice their opinion and convince others through arguments. Thus, the

Milesians were exposed and became tolerant to different ideas.

The Triumvirate of the three Milesians

Triumvirate means a group of three men holding power. The first three

philosophers who gave us a non-mythological account of the nature of reality and

the universe without the aid of instruments were Thales, Anaximander, and

Anaximenes. They were able to construct their philosophical perspective or reality

by merely using their rational faculty together with their ability not only to observe

but also to speculate. They introduced the doctrine that all matters have life

(hylozoist=hylo or stuff and zoe or life). They believe that the universe is alive or

animate and material (Sioco, et. al., 2016).

Thales was the most popular among the three, being the Father of

Western Philosophy and was regarded as one of the seven sages of

ancient Greece. He was the teacher of Anaximander. He believed

that the natural magnet is alive since it could make an object

move. His main idea is that the fundamental substance or primary

constituents of reality is WATER. He was the first to assume that greatestgreeks.wordp

ress.com

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the earth is flat, such that when you reach the edge of the horizon, you will fall.

While in Egypt, as trader, he became familiar with geometry and brought geometry

to ancient Greece. Aside from being a philosopher and mathematician, he was

considered as an astronomer because he was credited to have successfully

predicted an eclipse. He was able to assume that there must be an ORDER in the

universe and that the universe must be an orderly system known as the COSMOS,

governed by laws or logos which could be explained by man through the process of

ABSTRACTION. He was the first man to veer away from mythological tradition

and began to view things in a different angle. His curiosity and thirst for knowledge

gave him a different perspective.

Anaximander was a student of Thales. He claimed that

fundamental substance of reality is the infinite or the APEIRON (it

has no precise characteristics or attributes. It is ageless and eternal,

and it encompasses all the worlds). This is highly speculative and

abstract rather than based on observation. He believed that the

earth is cylindrical and is suspended in space. He was the first

philosopher to attempt to draw a map.

Anaximenes was a student of Anaximander. He concluded that the

fundamental substance must be AIR. According to him, air holds

our soul together, it encompasses the whole world. Like Thales, he

went back to the flat-earth theory, but unlike Thales who did not

give an exact shape of the earth, Anaximenes claimed that the earth

and other heavenly bodies are like saucers floating in air, thus the

earth is flat and round.

Other Pre-Socratics

Pythagoras was also a pre-Socratic philosopher who gave primary

consideration on the nature of reality. He was the leader of a

religious cult, known as the Pythagoreans. He claimed that

Philosophy is a way of life. He believed that religion and

philosophy are connected and merged into one. He considered

philosophy and mathematics as good for the purification of the

soul. He gave importance to the contemplative (involving or given to deep reflection

or thinking) life for this cathartic (n. catharsis) process of purification. We are

elated when we were able to solve difficult mathematical problems. He believed that

the primary constituents of reality was NUMBERS. He coined the word

philosophy and was credited to be the first pre-Socratic philosopher to use the

term logos for his cosmology.

Heraclitus was known for the mystical nature of his philosophy,

especially his idea about change. He believes that the only thing

that is permanent in this world is CHANGE (flux or becoming). His

popular sayings is “You cannot step twice into the same river, for

fresh water are ever flowing in upon you. We step and do not step

into the same rivers, we are and are not.” He was the first

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philosopher who wrote about the idea of change. He used the flames of fire to

emphasize the idea of change.

Parmenides’ philosophical idea is contradiction of the idea of

change from Heraclitus. He proposed that the only thing that is

permanent in this world is BEING, that is reality is made up of

one continuous object or plenum called being. Change is only an

illusion. Amidst the illusion of change, there is something

indestructible, immovable, complete and without beginning or

end, which he called being. Thus, there is no such thing as

change and motion.

Empedocles believed himself to be immortal and that he had

magical powers. He was known to have cured somebody who was

comatose for 24 months. He was the proponent of the notion that

reality is made up of the four elements, namely, earth, air, fire,

and water. He was regarded as a pluralist (opposite of monist)

because he had four elements as his fundamental substances

that reality is made of, instead of only one substance. To prove

that he was immortal, he leaped into the mouth of Mt. Erna, an

active volcano in Sicily, southern Italy, that led to his untimely death.

Anaxagoras believed that there is not just one element that reality

is made of. For him, there are many seeds or elements as there

are kinds of things. Matter becomes infinitely divisible.

Whenever you divide matter, each separated part will contain

elements of everything else. Another important contribution was

his idea about the NOUS or mind which was conceived of as

external but is infinite and is self-ruled and according to him, “has

the greatest strength and power over all things.” This idea had inspired the

conception of the characteristics of the Christian God.

What’s More

Activity 3: Do the following. Write your answers on a separate answer

sheet.

1. Tabulate the main ideas of the pre-Socratic philosophers.

2. To whom do you comfortably agree with? Why?

3. To whom do you feel uncomfortable with? Why?

4. If you were a pre-Socratic philosopher, what would be your idea about

the fundamental principles of everything? Why?

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What I Have Learned

Activity 4: Check your understanding. Complete the following statements to form

correct concepts. Write your answers on a separate work sheet.

1. Philo means ___________, and Sophia means _____________, thus,

Philosophy etymologically means ___________________. Therefore,

philosophers are called lovers of ____________.

2. Philosophy is a science of sciences of all things that exist (of beings), in

their _____________ causes and principles through the help of

__________________ (reason) alone.

3. A particular phenomenon may have various interpretations because of

differences in one’s _______________.

4. A ________________ question leads to a philosophical _____________.

5. ____________ was the father of western philosophy.

What I Can Do

Activity 5: Act what you think. Construct at least five philosophical questions

based on your perspectives on the fundamental substance of reality. Write your

answers on a separate answer sheet.

Example: What is the essence of water?

Assessment

A. Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on

a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which describes a holistic perspective?

A. It is a view centered on a single portion of an entire object.

B. It looks at all aspects of the given problem or situation.

C. All aspects are important in the decision-making.

D. Everything is tied together to form a general view.

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2. Which allows a person to look back on previous experiences and evaluate the

meaning or significance of his or her life?

A. philosophical question C. philosophical reflection

B. philosophical perspective D. philosophical inquiry

3. What is philosophy?

A. love of good will C. love of critical thinking

B. love of wisdom D. love of logic

4. Which demonstrates a partial point of view?

A. refer to single source of information

B. participate in class discussion

C. listen to the advice of both parents and teachers

D. watch video over the internet

5. Who may have already developed a broader philosophical perspective?

A. PJ who monitors his classmates’ emotional well-being.

B. Karl who listens to both sides of arguments before making judgment.

C. Franz who chats his friends about their beliefs

D. Jacques who is so talkative.

6. What differentiate philosophy from other sciences?

A. It always requires logical and critical thinking.

B. It always asks questions about empirical data.

C. It always uses scientific method to prove a hypothesis.

D. It always ends in a conclusion.

7. Which is true?

I. Both partial and holistic perspectives are contributory to knowledge

II. Reflection is not required in doing philosophy.

1. I and II are false C. I is false, II is true

2. I is true, II is false D. I and II are true

8. Which describes the process of doing philosophy?

I. It employs different philosophical methods

II. It only deals with the meaning of life

A. II B. neither I nor II C. I D. I and II

9. Which statement states is the real definition of philosophy?

I. It is a science of science

II. It uses human intellect (reason) alone.

A. I and II B. neither I nor II C. I D. I and II

10. Which is NOT true about Thales?

A. He is the teacher of Anaximander

B. He is the father of western philosophy

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C. Apeiron is the fundamental substance

D. Earth is flat

Additional Activities

Activity 6: Think to Act. Write a reflection on this topic: “What is the Meaning of

Life”.

Follow this format:

1. What I learned: Write a statement or phrase that has great impact on you

2. What I experienced: Narrate a true-to-life story/event that you recalled

because of the topic discussed.

3. What I realized: State your insight. It must be related to I and II.

4. What I plan to do: Enumerate plan of actions that you want to accomplish to

apply your learning of this topic.

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Rubric for Essay

Mechanics Excellent

5

Proficient

4

Basic

3

Below Basic

2

Organization

-Specific

introduction and

conclusion

-Sequenced

material within

the body

-Cohesive

presentation

content

-Specific

introduction and

conclusion

-Sequenced

material within

the body

-Cohesive

presentation

content

-Specific

introduction and

conclusion

-Sequenced

material within the

body is

inconsistent

-Specific introduction

and conclusion

-No sequence in

material

Language

-Enhance the

effectiveness of

the presentation

-Correct

grammar

-Appropriate to

audience

- No

pronunciation

mistakes

-Support the

effectiveness of the

presentation

-Correct grammar

-Appropriate to

audience

-Very few

pronunciation

mistakes

-Not interesting

-Partially support

the effectiveness of

the presentation

-Correct grammar

-Appropriate to

audience

Some

pronunciation

mistakes

-Unclear

-Minimally support

the effectiveness of

the presentation

-Occasional mistakes

in grammar

-Appropriate to

audience

-Several

pronunciation

mistakes

Delivery

-Good posture

-Eye contact

with the

audience most of

the time

-Appropriate

gesture and

expression

-Deliverance

with confidence

-Full group

participation

-Good posture

-Frequent eye

contact with the

audience

-Appropriate

gesture and

expression

-Almost full group

participation

-Intermitted good

posture

-Occasional eye

contact with the

audience

-Appropriate

gesture and

expression

-Partial group

presentation

-Poor posture

-Seldom eye contact

with the audience

-Not enough or too

much gesture and

expression

-One-person

presentation.

Content

-Student

discusses the

subject in great

details.

-Student

describes in

detail about their

findings

-Student indicate

what they have

learnt

-Student

discusses the

subject with some

details.

-Student outlines

their finding

-Student show

what they have

learnt

-Student discusses

the subject with a

few details.

-Student do not

outline their

finding

-Student's

misconceptions are

still seen

-Student discuss the

subject with very

minimal details.

-Students do not

outline what they

have learnt

-Students still sound

confused on this topic

15

References

Bernardo, Juanito Philip V (2016). Introduction to Philosophy of the Human

Person: JFS Publishing Services, Manila, p. 5-6.

Guevarra, Geoffrey A (2016). Pambungad sa Pilosopiya ng Tao (Batayang Aklat):

Rex Book Store, Inc., Manila, p. 7-24

Sioco, Maria Paula and Vinzons Ignatius (2016). Introduction to the Philosophy of

the Human Person: Vibal Group, Inc., Quezon City

https://greatestgreeks.wordpress.com/2016/03/11/thales-of-miletus/

https://www.philosophybasics.com/philosophers_anaximander.html

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/567664728022494813/

https://theimaginativeconservative.org/2015/12/logos-of-heraclitus.html

http://totallyhistory.com/parmenides/

https://www.geni.com/people/Empedocles/6000000043177272592

https://www.philosophybasics.com/philosophers_anaxagoras.html

http://www.picturequotes.com/life-is-simple-we-just-have-to-change-our-

perspective-quote-910376

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/314126142729895984/

https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_poems_of_John_Godfrey_Saxe/The_Blind_Men

_and_the_Elephant

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Tln3usoDIw

https://davidsummertonconsulting.co.uk/2014/12/26/is-your-glass-half-empty-

or-half-full/

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Rubins-vase-sometimes-referred-to-as-The-

Two-Face-One-Vase-Illusion-depicts-the_fig3_271842692

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