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Introduction to Industrial Ergonomics BMFP 3553 Industrial Ergonomics
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Introduction to Industrial Ergonomics BMFP 3553 Industrial Ergonomics.

Mar 26, 2015

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Page 1: Introduction to Industrial Ergonomics BMFP 3553 Industrial Ergonomics.

Introduction to Industrial Ergonomics

BMFP 3553 Industrial Ergonomics

Page 2: Introduction to Industrial Ergonomics BMFP 3553 Industrial Ergonomics.

BMFP 3553 Course ObjectivesUpon successful completion of this course the student should be able

to:

• Describe human physical abilities and limitations;

• Apply ergonomics principles to create safe, healthy, efficient and effective activities in the workplace;

• Evaluate the effectiveness of the work system that they have designed;

• Design a work system by taken into consideration human capabilities and limitations.

Page 3: Introduction to Industrial Ergonomics BMFP 3553 Industrial Ergonomics.

Today’s objective:

• Understand the concept of ergonomics• Be able to describe ergonomic risk factors

Page 4: Introduction to Industrial Ergonomics BMFP 3553 Industrial Ergonomics.

Ergonomics Defined• Early 1700’s, Ramazzini’s study of ill-effects of poor posture

& poorly designed tools on the health of workers

Greek Words “Ergon = work, Nomikos = law”Ergonomics Study of Work Laws

Page 5: Introduction to Industrial Ergonomics BMFP 3553 Industrial Ergonomics.

What Is Ergonomics?

Modern Definition

Science of fitting workplace conditions and job demands to the capabilities of the

working population

Page 6: Introduction to Industrial Ergonomics BMFP 3553 Industrial Ergonomics.

Brief History of Ergonomics

• Ramazzini (1700) - Ramazzini realized that a variety of common workers’ diseases appeared to be caused by prolonged irregular motions and postures

• Occupational injury and disease has existed since the beginnings of “work”.

• Around 1914-1918, institutions were founded in Britain foroccupational medicine

Page 7: Introduction to Industrial Ergonomics BMFP 3553 Industrial Ergonomics.

Brief History of Ergonomics

• 1857 – Jastrzebowski from Poland – treatise on “An outline of ergonomics or Science of Work”

• 1949 – the term “Ergonomics” was coined by Murrell in USA. In USA, the field is known as “human factors”.

Page 8: Introduction to Industrial Ergonomics BMFP 3553 Industrial Ergonomics.

What Is Ergonomics?

Ergon – workNomos – laws of

Ergonomics is the laws of work that define the limits to human capability.

Page 9: Introduction to Industrial Ergonomics BMFP 3553 Industrial Ergonomics.

What Is Ergonomics?

Ergonomics is the science of improving employee performance and well-being in relation to the

» job tasks,» equipment, and» the environment.

Ergonomics is…» a continuous improvement effort

to design the workplace for what people do well, and design against what people don’t do well.

Page 10: Introduction to Industrial Ergonomics BMFP 3553 Industrial Ergonomics.

What Is Ergonomics?Ergonomics is fitting the job to the person.

Page 11: Introduction to Industrial Ergonomics BMFP 3553 Industrial Ergonomics.

Applying Ergonomics

1. Study, research, & experimentation– Evaluate human traits/characteristics we need

to know for engineering design

2. Application & engineering– Design tools, machines, shelter, environment,

work tasks, and job procedures to fit and accommodate the human

Page 12: Introduction to Industrial Ergonomics BMFP 3553 Industrial Ergonomics.

Ergonomics

Human Machine

Work Environment

Utmost Goal: “Humanization” of Work

Design with “E & E”: Ease and Efficiency

Page 13: Introduction to Industrial Ergonomics BMFP 3553 Industrial Ergonomics.
Page 14: Introduction to Industrial Ergonomics BMFP 3553 Industrial Ergonomics.

The Basics of Ergonomics

Page 15: Introduction to Industrial Ergonomics BMFP 3553 Industrial Ergonomics.

INDUSTRIAL

ATHLETE

SKILL

WILL

COACHING

GREAT EQUIPMENT

Page 16: Introduction to Industrial Ergonomics BMFP 3553 Industrial Ergonomics.
Page 17: Introduction to Industrial Ergonomics BMFP 3553 Industrial Ergonomics.

Applications of Ergonomics

AnatomyOrthopedicsPhysiologyMedicine

PsychologySociology

Industrial EngineeringBio-Engineering

Systems EngineeringSafety EngineeringMilitary Engineering

Computer-Aided Design

AnthropometryBiomechanics

Work PhysiologyIndustrial Hygiene

ManagementLabor Relations

Page 18: Introduction to Industrial Ergonomics BMFP 3553 Industrial Ergonomics.

Human Machine Systems

Page 19: Introduction to Industrial Ergonomics BMFP 3553 Industrial Ergonomics.

Ergonomic Risk Factors

• Repetition• Awkward postures• Excessive force/Forceful exertions• Vibration• Static postures• Contact stress• Extreme temperatures

Page 20: Introduction to Industrial Ergonomics BMFP 3553 Industrial Ergonomics.

Ergonomic Risk Factors

• Repetition– Ex: Assembly Line work– Doing the same thing over

and over again Thousands of keystrokes

typing Hours of filing, day after day Stamping dozens of papers Frequent lifting Repeated motions with

computer mouse

Page 21: Introduction to Industrial Ergonomics BMFP 3553 Industrial Ergonomics.

Ergonomic Risk Factors

• Forceful exertions– Lifting heavy weights– Exerting too much force

to operate something

Page 22: Introduction to Industrial Ergonomics BMFP 3553 Industrial Ergonomics.

Ergonomic Risk FactorsAwkward postures refer to positions of the body (limbs, joints, back) that deviate significantly from the neutral position while job tasks are being

Page 23: Introduction to Industrial Ergonomics BMFP 3553 Industrial Ergonomics.

Ergonomic Risk FactorsContact Stress : results from occasional, repeated or continuous contact between sensitive body tissue and a hard or sharp object.

Page 24: Introduction to Industrial Ergonomics BMFP 3553 Industrial Ergonomics.

Static postures• Static postures (or "static

loading") refer to physical exertion in which the same posture or position is held throughout the exertion.

• Why are static postures bad? Static postures will impede the flow of blood that is needed to bring nutrients to the muscles and to carry away the waste products of muscle metabolism.

Page 25: Introduction to Industrial Ergonomics BMFP 3553 Industrial Ergonomics.

TEMPERATURE

• Cold environments impair sensory and motor function, reduced manual dexterity and accentuates symptoms

• Hot environments promote fatigue, overwhelms the body’s ability to deal with heat.

Page 26: Introduction to Industrial Ergonomics BMFP 3553 Industrial Ergonomics.

VIBRATION

• Contributes to circulatory, skeletal, and neurological impairment and fatigue

• Can be local, such as:– Use of hand tools

• Can be whole body, such as: – Riding in truck – Operating jackhammer, floor buffers...etc

Page 27: Introduction to Industrial Ergonomics BMFP 3553 Industrial Ergonomics.

FORCE + REPETITION

Page 28: Introduction to Industrial Ergonomics BMFP 3553 Industrial Ergonomics.

+ POSTURE + NO REST =

Page 29: Introduction to Industrial Ergonomics BMFP 3553 Industrial Ergonomics.

ADD IT ALL UP ---

CUMULATIVE TRAUMA

DISORDERS!!

Page 30: Introduction to Industrial Ergonomics BMFP 3553 Industrial Ergonomics.

MECHANISMS OF INJURY DEVELOPMENT

• Increased tendon length Inflammation and pain Tissue remodeling and scarring Decreased structural integrity Soft tissue and bone destruction– Sustained muscle contraction– Repetitive motions – Awkward postures

• Neurovascular disorders– Compression of nerves and arteries on hard surfaces– Vibration– Sustained muscle contraction, repetitive motion and awkward

postures

Page 31: Introduction to Industrial Ergonomics BMFP 3553 Industrial Ergonomics.

Summary

• Define ergonomics according to your understanding.

• What is “awkward posture”?• List down THREE of the ergonomic risk factors.

Page 32: Introduction to Industrial Ergonomics BMFP 3553 Industrial Ergonomics.

THE END!!