Intrduction to Mechanical & Productioech engg ramachandran

Mechanical Engineeringand

Production Engineering

Dr N. RamachandranProfessor, Mechanical Engineering

National Institute of Technology Calicut 673601

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ENGINE- from Latin ‘ingenium’

Originally an engine was a mechanical device that converted force into motion.

Military devices such as catapults, trebuchets and battering rams are referred to as siege engines.

The term "gin" as in cotton gin is recognised as a short form of the Old French word engin, in turn from the Latin ‘ingenium’, related to ingenious, meaning “innate quality, especially mental power, hence a clever invention.”

Most devices used in the industrial revolution were referred to as engines, and this is where the STEAM ENGINE gained its name.

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• Engineering is the discipline, art and profession of acquiring and applying technical, scientific, and mathematical knowledge to design and implement materials, structures, machines, devices, systems, and PROCESSES that safely realize a desired objective or invention

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Engineering is the profession in which knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences gained by

study, experience, and practice

is applied with judgment to develop ways to utilize economically, the materials and forces of nature for the benefit of mankind.

[ABET- Accreditation Board for Engineering & Technology]

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• Engineering turns the potential value of science into reality by translating scientific knowledge into tools, resources, energy, products, information, and labour to bring them into service to mankind.

• The Engineer must have the humanistic sense to understand the needs of society and the imagination to visualize what is possible.

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• One who practices engineering is called an ENGINEER, and those licensed to do so may have more formal designations such as PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER, CHARTERED ENGINEER, INCORPORATED ENGINEER, or EUROPEAN ENGINEER.

• The broad discipline of engineering encompasses a range of more specialized SUBDISCIPLINES, each with a more specific emphasis on certain fields of application and particular areas of technology.

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Engineering Job Descriptions•Analytical Engineer •Design Engineer •Test Engineer •Manufacturing Engineer •Software Engineer•Development Engineer •Research Engineer •Sales Engineer•Engineering Manager•Consulting Engineer

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Ancient era

Pharos of Alexandria, pyramids in Egypt, Hanging Gardens of Babylon, Acropolis and Parthenon in Greece, Roman aqueducts, Via Appia and Colosseum,

Teotihuacán and the cities and pyramids of Mayan, Inca and Aztec Empires,

Great Wall of China, etc. stand as a testament to the ingenuity and skill of

the ancient civil and military engineers

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Renaissance era• The first electrical engineer is considered to be

William Gilbert, with his 1600 publications of De Magnete, who was the originator of the term "electricity".

• The first steam engine was built in 1698 by mechanical engineer Thomas Savery.

• The development of this device gave rise to the industrial revolution in the coming decades, allowing for the beginnings of mass production.

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Modern era1. Civil engineering - The design and construction of

public and private works, such as infrastructure (roads, railways, water supply and treatment etc.), bridges and buildings.

2. Electrical engineering A very broad area that may encompass the design

and study of various electrical & electronic systems, such as electrical circuits, generators, motors, electromagnetic/electromechanical devices, electronic devices, electronic circuits, optical fibers, optoelectronic devices, computer systems, telecommunications

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2a. The experiments of Michael Faraday, Georg Ohm and others and the invention of the electric motor in 1872, and the work of James Maxwell and Heinrich Hertz in the late 19th century gave rise to the field of Electronics

The inventions of the vacuum tube and the transistor further accelerated the development of Electronics to such an extent that electrical and electronics engineers currently outnumber their colleagues of any other Engineering specialty.

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3. Mechanical Engineering. The inventions of Thomas Savery and the Scottish engineer James Watt, the design of physical or mechanical systems, such as engines, power trains, kinematic chains, vacuum technology, and vibration isolation equipment gave rise to modern Mechanical Engineering

• The development of specialized machines and their maintenance tools during the industrial revolution led to the rapid growth of Mechanical Engineering both in its birthplace UK and abroad.

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4. Chemical Engineering, like its counterpart Mechanical Engineering, developed in the nineteenth century during the Industrial Revolution with the exploitation of chemical principles in order to carry out large scale chemical process, as well as designing new specialty materials and fuels.

• Industrial manufacturing demanded new materials and new processes and by 1880 the need for large scale production of chemicals was such that a new industry was created, dedicated to the development and large scale manufacturing of chemicals in new industrial plants.

• The role of the chemical engineer was the design of these chemical plants and processes.

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5. Aeronautical Engineering deals with aircraft design. Early knowledge of aeronautical engineering was largely empirical with some concepts and skills imported.

• Only a decade after the successful flights by the Wright brothers, the 1920s saw extensive development of aeronautical engineering through development of World War I military aircraft. Meanwhile, research to provide fundamental background science continued by combining theoretical physics with experiments.

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6. Aerospace Engineering is a more modern term that expands the reach envelope of the discipline by including spacecraft design. Its origin can be traced back to the aviation pioneers around the turn of the century from the 19th century to the 20th although the work of Sir George Cayley has recently been dated as being from the last decade of the 18th century.

7. With the rapid advancement of technology many

new fields gained prominence and new branches developed such as materials engineering, computer engineering, software engineering, mechatronics, robotics, nanotechnology, food process engineering, tribology, molecular engineering, etc

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What Engineers Do ?

• Build a Bridge?

MOST   COMPLEX   INTER-CHANGE

Interstate 10 Highways

Interchange Houston, Texas.

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Make a Robot?

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Work on a Computer?

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Drive a Train, fly aircrafts, move ships?

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Repair Automobile Engines?

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Why YOU want to be an Engineer?• You have high goals in life and want to get a strong college

education!

• You like mathematics and sciences, and would like to apply them to real world problems!

• You enjoy hands-on work and tinkering with things!

• Your family wants you to be an engineer! You were told that engineers make a lot of money!

• You were told that you can get a good job with an engineering degree!

• You want to help humanity!

• You didn't know what else to choose as your major! 04/15/23 21

What are the Different Fields in Engineering?

• Electrical and Computer Engineering • Electronics Engineering• Mechanical Engineering • Civil Engineering • Chemical Engineering • Aerospace Engineering • Petroleum Engineering • Others: Industrial, Biotechnology, Acoustics,

Biomedical, Materials, Nuclear, Agricultural, Mechatronics, Nanotechnology, etc. 04/15/23 22

What is Mechanical Engineering?

• Mechanical engineering is the second largest [ next to civil engineering] and one of the oldest

disciplines; and broadest of all engineering disciplines.

• Mechanical engineers apply the principles of mechanics and energy to the design of machines and devices:

ENERGY and MOTION

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The core courses in a mechanical engineering curriculum focuses on the creation and evaluation of physical things,

but covers a broad range of technical areas. Thus, the learning starts with basic physics and

calculus courses. Later courses include static and dynamic systems, strength of materials, fluids, thermodynamics and heat transfer.

A Mechanical Engineering curriculum is usually rounded out with advanced classes that match the student's desired specialty.

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What Mechanical Engineers Do?• Design: cars, airplanes, fax machines, vibration

control, automatic control, robotics. • Manufacturing: computer-aided design, design

automation, new manufacturing processes. • Heat and thermal: solar car, engines,

refrigeration, heating systems. • Biomedical: prosthetics, medical devices. • Operations Research: plant layout and

operation, analysis of complex data.• Management: Industrial, Financial, Project.04/15/23 25

This needs the basis skill of interpreting a component, visualize the different views, sketch it and covey through

DRAWINGS.DRAWING speaks thousand WORDS

PROTOTYPE speaks thousand DRAWINGS

Also, the works to be executed should be in ABSOLUTE format and NOT RELATIVE

Eg. Your daily activities are yours, others may have other ways to execute it, but in manufacturing, when you are replaced with another person, he MUST do it as per a

defined and standardized format.

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The Engineering Design Process: (Core of Engineering)

• Problem Identification: Get with Customer.• Conceptual Design: Ideas, Sketches and Solution Lists.• Refinement: Computer Modeling, Data Base

Development.• Testing: Analysis and Simulation of All Design Aspects.• Prototyping: Visualizing and Improving the Design.• Communication: Engineering Drawings, Specifications.• Production: Final Design, Manufacturing, Distribution.

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• What will you study as an ME student?• Mechanical Engineering includes study of concepts including

mechanics, kinematics, thermodynamics, fluid mechanics,

heat transfer, materials science, and energy.

• Mechanical engineers use the core principles as well as

other knowledge in the field to design and analyze

manufacturing plants, industrial equipment and machinery,

heating and cooling systems, motor vehicles, aircraft,

watercraft, robotics, medical devices and more. • Production Engineering is a branch of Mechanical

Engineering. 04/15/23 29

• Production engineering and mechanical engineering come under engineering, but are different and with some similarities.

• Mechanical engineering is concerned with mechanical systems, thermodynamics, kinematics and energy and related fields.

• Production engineering is the study of manufacturing technology with management science

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Main difference between production engineering and mechanical engineering

• Mechanical engineers focus more on product development works to design and manufacture new products for customers

• Production engineers focus more on making manufacture more resourceful. Product engineers work on the products and process designed by mechanical engineers.

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Mechanical engineering is general engineering where as production engineering is a specialized mechanical engineering.

• Source: http://entrance-exam.net/forum/general-discussion/04/15/23 32

•Mechanical Engineer makes things

• Production Engineer makes things

BETTER

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• Production engineers are aware of the management challenges interrelated to production.

• Thus, strive to make production possible through the smoothest, most-judicious and most-economical techniques.

• Mechanical engineers’ work profile includes providing resourceful solutions to the development of processes and products.

• It ranges from miniature components to extremely large plant, machines or vehicles.

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• To become a production engineer, a graduation in the respective fields is enough.

• To reach senior most positions of companies directly, they should have the masters’ program in production engineering.

• To work as research analysts, pursue the PhD programs.

• Diploma holders in production engineering - get designated in the entry-level jobs.

• Aspirants who complete various courses in production engineering can seek out for occupation in public or private undertakings.

• They can search for employments in manufacturing sector, industries, and so on.

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Mechanical Engineering courses and career opportunities

• There are various courses in Mechanical Engineering that an aspirant from science stream can pursue.

• This includes diploma, graduation and masters’ course in the respective areas.

• Those who are keenly interested in research can carry out the research programs in their favorite Mechanical Engineering topics.

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• Mechanical engineers have wide scope all over India and abroad.

• These professionals help the society by inventing new machines and spare parts, which may help in the ultimate development of the country.

• Mechanical engineers can seek out for employments in automobile, machines and mobile manufacturing companies.

• Research scientists, who conduct research so as to invent new equipments, are one among the highly remunerated professionals within the country.

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• Production engineering in today’s world is a blooming course and has several vital applications that can be utilised in the core based field of production.

• The courses in both the master as well as the bachelor level degree offer ample opportunities both nationally and internationally.

• Production engineering has critical role to play in the present era.

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• Production engineering is a completely production oriented course. The quality of the products produced dependent on production engineering and with quality standards.

• Production engineering thus is related to the price control chains.

• Thus is influencing the delicate balance of demand-supply chain which is very critical in the present world.

• The list of influenced factor is very long, thus these facts alone creates the opportunities to understand the role of production engineering in the present world.

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• The complex role does not end with the chains. -is responsible for the health of the society

and this role is vitally played in the edible material production houses. Bad quality of any of these products is a direct indication of the bad health of the society.

The influence wing of the production engineering has reached to this level.

• Thus the course of the production engineering has a crucial role to play in today’s world.

• Thus has enormous influence in our day to day lives.

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• In the present era, scope of production engineer is huge.  

• In multinational companies, a production engineer controls a manufacturing

department etc. Mechanical engineers come under a production engineer.

Please don't misunderstand that a mechanical engineer is below a production engineer.

• A production engineer with high grade pay always comes top (in the

management area).

• A company cannot run smoothly without the help of production engineers

because these engineers deal with everything starting from procurement of

raw materials to the processes involved till it reach the market. 

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• Lot of openings in different countries. • Experience is the base of all. Try to get more experience, then job

offers and pay scale increases. • Fields where production engineer get placed :

• Automobile companies- For inspection, quality control, operation of automated equipments etc.

• Manufacturing industries- For inspection, quality control, operation of automated equipments, to control assembly line, production management etc.

• Food processing industries- For inspection, quality control, Production management etc.

• Railways- Manufacturing processes and its control etc.• Process industries.• Space and other research organizations.• Government and private companies.• Defense.• IT companies.

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• During the course students fall in love with a subject or two that helps them to understand their taste.

(E.g.: Industrial Automation and Inspection & Quality control).

• One's profile should be good. • Every student undergoes internship during

their course and for you to be outstanding and to get an upper hand in placements it is always better to do internship abroad during your engineering course

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• You can also go for higher studies to make your career firm. It is always beneficiary for a production engineer to opt MBA as his higher studies.

• As a production engineer, one can prefer MBA to get placed in production management etc. It is because unlike other branches production engineering involves management. MBA is going to help one a lot.

• It is better to get a work experience of 2 years in a manufacturing or core company and then go for MBA.

• If you have a work experience of 3 years in any manufacturing or core companies then you can also go for executive MBA that can be completed in 1 year ( because of your work experience).

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• And for those who want to do post graduation in the technical side it is better to do MS abroad in good colleges.

• The scope of doing MS abroad is too high (especially in Europe).

• The facility is great and the research is too good. The necessary criteria to do MS abroad is write Graduate Record Examination (GRE) and get a good score.

• Next is English proficiency tests such as IELTS, TOEFL etc. Get good scores -at least 6.5 out 9- to get admissions in  college abroad.

• You can also do post graduation cheaply but with more value.

• In India graduates who are interested in research go for M.Tech - like NIT's or IIT's for M.Tech.

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CAN PRODUCTION ENGINEERS APPLY FOR MECHANICAL ENGINEERING JOBS IN

GOVERNMENT SECTOR?

• As told before, production engineering is similar to mechanical engineering and can apply for mechanical jobs in government sector.

• In government sector there are jobs specifically for production engineers and I understood that there is a huge scope and demand for production engineers even in government sector.

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