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1-1 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin Interviewing and Interrogation Chapter 1
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Interviewing and Interrogation

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Interviewing and Interrogation. Chapter 1. Lesson Overview: How are Crimes Solved?. When someone makes the decision to talk to the police Influenced by the communication skills of the interviewer. The Communication Process: The Berlo SMCR Model. For an interview to occur: - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Page 1: Interviewing and Interrogation

1-1 © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation By Denise Kindschi Gosselin

Interviewing and Interrogation

Chapter 1

Page 2: Interviewing and Interrogation

Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and InterrogationBy Denise Kindschi Gosselin

© 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

1-2

Lesson Overview:How are Crimes Solved? When someone

makes the decision to talk to the police Influenced by the

communication skills of the interviewer

Page 3: Interviewing and Interrogation

Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and InterrogationBy Denise Kindschi Gosselin

© 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

1-3

The Communication Process: The Berlo SMCR Model For an interview to occur:

A person initiates the interaction (the source) A person receives and interprets the means

(the receiver) Meaning is conveyed through our five senses

Page 4: Interviewing and Interrogation

Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and InterrogationBy Denise Kindschi Gosselin

© 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

1-4

The Definition of Interviewing Interviewing is the practice of fact

finding which produces information that can lead to conclusions about an event or incident

Page 5: Interviewing and Interrogation

Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and InterrogationBy Denise Kindschi Gosselin

© 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

1-5

What is an Interview? An interview is questioning

persons who are not suspects in a crime, but who may know something about it

Page 6: Interviewing and Interrogation

Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and InterrogationBy Denise Kindschi Gosselin

© 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

1-6

Purpose of the Interview The purpose

of the interview is to gather information

About 80% of police investigative work consists of interviewing

Page 7: Interviewing and Interrogation

Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and InterrogationBy Denise Kindschi Gosselin

© 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

1-7

Categories of Persons to be Interviewed: Victim

A victim is the person who is the object of an incident, crime, or other harm caused against them

These interviews are influenced by prejudice, anger, pain, and fear in addition to age, gender, cognitive abilities, and fear of disclosure

Page 8: Interviewing and Interrogation

Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and InterrogationBy Denise Kindschi Gosselin

© 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

1-8

Categories of Persons to be Interviewed: Witnesses A witness is

someone who personally sees, hears, or otherwise observes something relating to the incident under investigation

Eyewitness evidence is notoriously inaccurate, incomplete, and unreliable

Page 9: Interviewing and Interrogation

Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and InterrogationBy Denise Kindschi Gosselin

© 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

1-9

Categories of Persons to be Interviewed: Suspects A suspect is

the person that the police officer has reasonable cause to believe committed a specific crime

In addition to sharing the same influences as the victim, a suspect has consequences to fear

Page 10: Interviewing and Interrogation

Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and InterrogationBy Denise Kindschi Gosselin

© 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

1-10

Characteristics of an Interview Non-accusatory Purpose is to gather information Should be conducted early in the

investigation Variety of environments Free flowing May need to take notes

Page 11: Interviewing and Interrogation

Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and InterrogationBy Denise Kindschi Gosselin

© 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

1-11

The Definition of Interrogation An

interrogation is an exercise in persuasion with the goal of eliciting a truthful confession

Persuade: to influence or gain over by argument, advice, or entreaty

Elicit: to draw out or entice forth

Page 12: Interviewing and Interrogation

Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and InterrogationBy Denise Kindschi Gosselin

© 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

1-12

Purpose of the Interrogation It is meant to

encourage the suspect to provide evidence of guilt or involvement in an event

A confession or admission is sought by the interrogator

Page 13: Interviewing and Interrogation

Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and InterrogationBy Denise Kindschi Gosselin

© 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

1-13

Confession A statement made by a

defendant disclosing his or her guilt of a crime with which she or he was charged and excluding the possibility of a reasonable inference to the contrary

Page 14: Interviewing and Interrogation

Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and InterrogationBy Denise Kindschi Gosselin

© 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

1-14

Admission An acknowledgement of guilty

conduct containing only facts from which guilt may or may not be inferred

Page 15: Interviewing and Interrogation

Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and InterrogationBy Denise Kindschi Gosselin

© 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

1-15

Characteristics of Interrogation Accusatory Involves active persuasion Purpose = learn the truth! Controlled environment Suspected guilt Notes are not initially taken

Page 16: Interviewing and Interrogation

Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and InterrogationBy Denise Kindschi Gosselin

© 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

1-16

Personal Qualities of the Interviewer The process of successful

interviewing includes: Putting aside personal prejudices and

biases Developing a genuine curiosity Having a positive attitude A willingness to develop rapport Becoming knowledgeable Being professional

Page 17: Interviewing and Interrogation

Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and InterrogationBy Denise Kindschi Gosselin

© 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

1-17

Rapport Development Rapport is when two people

agree on the means and willingness to communicate Established by putting the

interviewee at ease through mutual respect

It is earned by the attitude of the interviewer

Page 18: Interviewing and Interrogation

Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and InterrogationBy Denise Kindschi Gosselin

© 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

1-18

Knowledgeable Interviewer Keeps asking questions and continues

to learn from each case Does not make judgments based on

past encounters that were similar Knows that the answers must be

learned from the circumstances and will only come through listening and watching

Page 19: Interviewing and Interrogation

Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and InterrogationBy Denise Kindschi Gosselin

© 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

1-19

Professionalism Demands that each

investigation begins without case bias or preconceived notions about the victim

Requires patience and persistence

Is the capacity to demonstrate respect for others

Page 20: Interviewing and Interrogation

Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and InterrogationBy Denise Kindschi Gosselin

© 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

1-20

Communication for Rapport Communication includes both

verbal and non-verbal messages Information communicated is about

65% non-verbal Verbal communication is about

35% of information related

Page 21: Interviewing and Interrogation

Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and InterrogationBy Denise Kindschi Gosselin

© 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

1-21

Matching Matching is a subtle form of

the interviewer mimicking the non-verbal and paralanguage behaviors of the person being interviewed

Page 22: Interviewing and Interrogation

Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and InterrogationBy Denise Kindschi Gosselin

© 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

1-22

Kinesics Kinesics is a form

of non-verbal communication that includes: Body language Facial

expressions Gestures

Page 23: Interviewing and Interrogation

Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and InterrogationBy Denise Kindschi Gosselin

© 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

1-23

Posture Communicates Emotion Rising energy is reflected in

a lift of the body Downward movement is

related to death, the sick, the weary, and the discouraged

Page 24: Interviewing and Interrogation

Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and InterrogationBy Denise Kindschi Gosselin

© 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

1-24

Matching Kinesic Communications When two people are

communicating effectively their body language will be aligned

When an interviewer attempts to develop rapport, defensive signals need to be overcome in order for the interview to proceed effectively

Page 25: Interviewing and Interrogation

Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and InterrogationBy Denise Kindschi Gosselin

© 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

1-25

Examples of Facial Expressions Eyebrows frown for anger or

concentration and rise for intensity Pupils of the eyes get larger during

fear and smaller during rest Lips may move into a grin to show

happiness, a grimace for fear, or a pout to indicate sadness

Wide eyes typically indicate surprise or excitement; narrowed eyes indicate disagreement or a threat

Page 26: Interviewing and Interrogation

Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and InterrogationBy Denise Kindschi Gosselin

© 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

1-26

Examples of Gestures That rubbing one’s ear is an

indication the person does not know the answer to a question

Swaying backwards in the chair points to an individual with a weak ego

Crossing of the arms is a defensive posture, the person has become cautious

Page 27: Interviewing and Interrogation

Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and InterrogationBy Denise Kindschi Gosselin

© 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

1-27

Facial Expressions Include both

conscious and unconscious movements of the nose, lips, eyebrows, tongue, and eyes

Page 28: Interviewing and Interrogation

Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and InterrogationBy Denise Kindschi Gosselin

© 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

1-28

Proxemics The study of our use of

space and how various differences in that use make us feel more relaxed or more anxious

Page 29: Interviewing and Interrogation

Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and InterrogationBy Denise Kindschi Gosselin

© 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

1-29

Proxemics Spacing Intimate space

0 to 1.5 feet Personal-casual space

1.5 to 4 feet Social-consultive space

5 to 10 feet Public space

10 feet and beyond

Page 30: Interviewing and Interrogation

Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and InterrogationBy Denise Kindschi Gosselin

© 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

1-30

Paralanguage The vocal part of speech and

its nuances is communication that goes beyond the specific words spoken

It is not only what people say, but how they say it that is important!

Page 31: Interviewing and Interrogation

Smart Talk: Contemporary Interviewing and InterrogationBy Denise Kindschi Gosselin

© 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458

1-31

Characteristics of Paralanguage Tone Pitch Reflection Amplitude Rate Voice quality