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7309 This work is published under Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License Copyright©IJIFR 2017 International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research ISSN: 2347-1697 Volume 4 Issue 8 April 2017 www.ijifr.com Abstract The electrical and electronic waste (e-waste) is one of the fastest growing wastes in India. The increasing “market penetration” in developing countries, and “high obsolescence rate” make e-waste as one of the fastest growing waste streams. Electronic waste may be defined as discarded computers, office electronic equipment, entertainment device electronics, mobile phones, television sets and refrigerators. This definition includes used electronics which are destined for reuse, resale, salvage, recycling, or disposal. To manage the e-waste is become important for India otherwise it create serious problem due to its hazardous property. So we use e-waste in construction of bituminous permeable pavement to enhance its property. The research subsequently investigated the probable changes in physical and strength properties of the mixes casted using Marshall Method of Mix Design, and conclusions were later drawn depending on the comparative result analysis for the best percentage replacement of aggregates by E-Waste ceramic as proposed for a roadway of width 3.75m for soil CBR of 4%. The study here with hence postulated the best possible percentage replacement by weight of total mix and also conducted an approximate construction cost comparison. Implementation of E-Waste Mix Bituminous Permeable Pavement in Pithoragarh Area of Uttarakhand Paper ID IJIFR/V4/ E8/ 086 Page No. 7309-7320 Subject Area Civil Engineering Key Words E-Waste, Permeable Pavement, Marshall Method, Aggregates 1 st Vipul Kumar Saini Research Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Seemant Institute Of Technology, Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand, India 2 nd Anuj Upadhyay 3 rd Lokesh Kumar 4 th Dheeraj Singh Garbyal Assistant professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Seemant Institute Of Technology, Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand, India
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Page 1: International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research ...International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research ISSN: ... International Journal of Informative & Futuristic

7309

This work is published under Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

Copyright©IJIFR 2017

International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research ISSN: 2347-1697

Volume 4 Issue 8 April 2017 www.ijifr.com

Abstract

The electrical and electronic waste (e-waste) is one of the fastest growing wastes in India. The increasing “market penetration” in developing countries, and “high obsolescence rate” make e-waste as one of the fastest growing waste streams. Electronic waste may be defined as discarded computers, office electronic equipment, entertainment device electronics, mobile phones, television sets and refrigerators. This definition includes used electronics which are destined for reuse, resale, salvage, recycling, or disposal. To manage the e-waste is become important for India otherwise it create serious problem due to its hazardous property. So we use e-waste in construction of bituminous permeable pavement to enhance its property. The research subsequently investigated the probable changes in physical and strength properties of the mixes casted using Marshall Method of Mix Design, and conclusions were later drawn depending on the comparative result analysis for the best percentage replacement of aggregates by E-Waste ceramic as proposed for a roadway of width 3.75m for soil CBR of 4%. The study here with hence postulated the best possible percentage replacement by weight of total mix and also conducted an approximate construction cost comparison.

Implementation of E-Waste Mix Bituminous

Permeable Pavement in Pithoragarh Area of

Uttarakhand

Paper ID IJIFR/V4/ E8/ 086 Page No. 7309-7320 Subject Area Civil

Engineering

Key Words E-Waste, Permeable Pavement, Marshall Method, Aggregates

1st Vipul Kumar Saini Research Student,

Department of Civil Engineering,

Seemant Institute Of Technology,

Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand, India

2nd Anuj Upadhyay

3rd Lokesh Kumar

4th Dheeraj Singh Garbyal

Assistant professor,

Department of Civil Engineering,

Seemant Institute Of Technology,

Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand, India

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International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research (IJIFR)

Volume - 4, Issue -8, April 2017

Continuous 44th Edition, Page No.: 7309-7320

Vipul Kumar Saini, Anuj Upadhyay, Lokesh Kumar, Dheeraj Singh Garbyal :: Implementation of E-Waste Mix Bituminous Permeable Pavement in Pithoragarh Area of Uttarakhand

I. INTRODUCTION

It is a hard fact that with the voluminous increase in use of ICT devices to bridge the

digital divide, there is also an alarming growth of e-waste world-wide. E-waste is

defined as “waste electrical and electronic equipment, whole or in part or rejects from their manufacturing and repair process, which are intended to be discarded” whereas electrical and electronic equipment has been defined as ‘equipment which is dependent on electrical currents or electro-magnetic fields to be fully functional’.

There is a need for e-waste management as e-waste components may cause severe

health risks and environmental damage, when crude, unscientific methods are applied

for recovery of useful components. There is a need to encourage recycling of all useful

and valuable material from e-wastes to preserve the natural resources. Most of the

developing countries are suffering with the rapidly growing problems of e-waste and

have to have sound e-waste management systems for end of life ICT products to avoid

the threat on environment and mankind.

The rapid growth of ICT, frequent innovations and technological changes are resulting

in shorter life span of ICT equipment. Moreover in developing countries the quantity of

imported disused Electrical and Electronic equipment (EEE) is uncontrolled .So the

volume of e-waste has also increased drastically in developing and developed nations.

At the same time, it is encouraging that every nation, along with going for the

development in the ICT sector, is also working for ‘going green’ by taking care of issues like efficient use of natural resources, minimization of e-waste, sustainable

recycling of e-waste and development of products with minimum use of hazardous

substances.

Electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) contain valuable as well as hazardous

materials and if at end of life of EEE, the hazardous materials are not disposed of

scientifically it may cause serious damage to the environment and public health. The

presence of heavy metals (like Arsenic, Cadmium, Barium, Lead, Lithium, Mercury,

Nickel, Zinc Sulphide) and other toxic substances like PCB (Polychlorinated biphenyls)

etc. may cause extreme harm, if not disposed of in environment friendly manner.

On the other hand the second main problem in India is the water logging road (which

create the flood like condition) in monsoon period i.e. from June to September, and

reason is simple, Urbanisation of rural and lightly developed areas creates an increase in

impermeable surfaces due to the construction of buildings and their supporting

infrastructure. Increases in impermeable surfaces with traditional drainage systems,

kerbs and gutters linked directly to surface drainage networks, can result in high

instantaneous water flows that can overwhelm existing infrastructure leading to

increased risks of flash flooding.

Systems integrating permeable surfaces can provide a solution to help manage

manage surface water, through infiltration and attenuation to maintain natural water

flows. Permeable e-waste mixed bitumen road can form an integral part of a SuDS3

solution, a key tenant of sustainable planning.

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Volume - 4, Issue -8, April 2017

Continuous 44th Edition, Page No.: 7309-7320

Vipul Kumar Saini, Anuj Upadhyay, Lokesh Kumar, Dheeraj Singh Garbyal :: Implementation of E-Waste Mix Bituminous Permeable Pavement in Pithoragarh Area of Uttarakhand

II. STUDY AREA

The study area falls on the route connecting the Nepal border. The study area is bounded

by 80˚11'63"E to 80˚12'3"E longitude and 29˚34'11"N to 29˚34'48"N latitude. It is a well connected with road. It falls on the pithoragarh district, uttarakhand. The area lies in the

survey of India topo sheet No.62 C/2 covering the area of 26.25 sqm. The main soil type

that are found in the area are Schist, Phyllites, Dolomites, Quartz, etc. The dip amount

varies from 35˚ to 70˚ with varying dip directions. The pithoragarh city is located147 km

from tanakpur on the way of Nepal border.

III. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

To study the use of electronic waste and waste in permeable bituminous roads by

providing the void ratio of 15% to 22%.

To find an alternative method for disposal of electronic waste in eco-friendly way. To

compare the properties of conventional bituminous mix with e-waste mixed

permeable bituminous mix by Marshall Stability method.

Find a suitable alternative over conventional materials with cost reduction and

improvement in strength and other parameters in flexible pavements.

3.1 Objective of Permeable Pavement

As we all know that Urbanisation of rural and lightly developed areas creates an

increase in impermeable surfaces due to the construction of buildings and their

supporting infrastructure. Increases in impermeable surfaces with traditional drainage

systems, kerbs and gutters linked directly to surface drainage networks, can result in

high instantaneous water flows that can overwhelm existing infrastructure leading to

increased risks of flash flooding.

Systems integrating permeable surfaces can provide a solution to help manage

surface water, through infiltration and attenuation to maintain natural water flows.

Mainly the permeable pavements are design to replace effective impervious areas

(EIAs), but we also manage storm water from other impervious surface on site. Use

of this technique must be part of an overall on site management for storm water. The

single Disadvantage that were observed is discussed below-

Figure 3.1 - layers of permeable road

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Volume - 4, Issue -8, April 2017

Continuous 44th Edition, Page No.: 7309-7320

Vipul Kumar Saini, Anuj Upadhyay, Lokesh Kumar, Dheeraj Singh Garbyal :: Implementation of E-Waste Mix Bituminous Permeable Pavement in Pithoragarh Area of Uttarakhand

The porous pavement is not capable to bear the impact load and the weight of heavy

traffic because porous pavement is sometimes cited as being inappropriate. Our second

objective overcome this problem and opens the use of permeable road for heavy traffic

volume.

3.2 Objective of using e-waste in permeable road

The second objective of this study is to introduce the e-waste in making the top most

layer of road by mean to increase the Marshall Stability and flow value with increase in

percentage of e-waste by replacing up to 10% of aggregates.Together with economic

consideration using e-waste in bitumen aggregate mixture behaves in beneficial way in

developing countries like India, considerable amount of e-waste is generated every year.

The huge amount of e-waste creates significant amount of problems with respect to

handling and storage which are important both from the economic as well as

environmental point of view.

Figure 3.2 -Sample of E-Waste

IV. METHODOLOGY

A permeable solution is typically constructed with three layers; “permeable bitumen mix with e-waste” as the surface layer, followed by a permeable aggregate sub-base

over undisturbed soil. The dimensions and structure of each layer is dependent on

application, prevailing site conditions and performance requirements. Permeable

bitumen mix with e-waste allows surface water to freely drain through the wearing

surface to the underlying ground (or drainage system) with the ability to act as a

reservoir during periods of high downfall. During these periods this characteristic can

aid in delaying the discharge of surface water into water courses or drainage systems

reducing the risk of overwhelming systems and causing flash flooding. Storage of

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water in the system can also have a beneficial effect in reducing the heat island effect.

During periods of rising temperatures and intense rainfall, water stored within the

system evaporates creating a cooling effect reducing surface temperatures.

V. SYSTEMS USE IN BITUMINOUS PERMEABLE PAVEMENT

There are three typical best practice applications that can be employed in the

construction of a pervious paving solution

System A – Full Infiltration

E-waste mix bituminous layer

Permeable aggregate sub-base

Undisturbed permeability layer

This system allows all water falling onto the pavement to permeate through the E-Waste

Mix Bituminous Permeable surface layer, pass through the lower pavement courses and

into the sub-grade. Some water may be retained within the pavement reservoir before

permeating into the sub-grade. Full infiltration systems do not discharge any additional

water into traditional drainage systems. Geotextiles may be incorporated into the system

depending on the nature of the sub-grade.

System B – Partial Infiltration

E-waste mix bituminous layer

Permeable aggregate sub-base

Drainage system

Undisturbed normal permeability layer.

This system is viable for locations where the underlying ground offers some level of

permeability and infiltration is acceptable. Within the sub-base layer outlet pipes are

installed that allow any excess water that cannot penetrate into the existing ground to be

drained into other drainage devices such as watercourses, swales or sewers. This system

is typically used where the sub-grade is not capable of draining all of the water as a

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Volume - 4, Issue -8, April 2017

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Vipul Kumar Saini, Anuj Upadhyay, Lokesh Kumar, Dheeraj Singh Garbyal :: Implementation of E-Waste Mix Bituminous Permeable Pavement in Pithoragarh Area of Uttarakhand

means of reducing the volume of run-off from the site. Geotextiles may be incorporated

into the system depending on the nature of the project.

System C – Full Attenuation

E-waste mix bituminous

layer

Permeable aggregate

sub-base

Geotextile layer

Undisturbed normal permeability layer

Use of this system is typically adopted where water recycling is desired, in areas where

water may be contaminated, or where the sub-grade is impermeable or becomes weak

when saturated. The system includes the installation of an impermeable membrane

above the subgrade and the provision of outlet pipes within the sub-base layer. Full

attenuation allows water to be captured and harvested for re-use in non-potable

applications such as irrigation or flushing toilets. Geotextiles may be incorporated into

the system depending on the nature of the project.

VI. INNOVATIVENESS AND USEFULNESS

The mixing of E-waste in bituminous pavement of permeable road is unique idea and

not implemented yet.

The concept of permeable road is one of the newest technique for storing storm water

and to maintain the ground water table.

The use of Geotextile membrane on the permeable pavement surface is to increase the

bond strength of pavement surface.

The first flash of rain is drain out because it clean the pavement surface, and rest flash

will store for other purpose.

It is a single innovative way to manage the e-waste

VII. RAINFALL DATA OF STUDY AREA

In pithoragarh we use system-C (Full attenuation), because in this area the permeability

of soil is found to be very less, as well as this city is suffering from regular problem of

water. But during monsoon period, a day in a month has rainfall greater than 70mm,

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Volume - 4, Issue -8, April 2017

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Vipul Kumar Saini, Anuj Upadhyay, Lokesh Kumar, Dheeraj Singh Garbyal :: Implementation of E-Waste Mix Bituminous Permeable Pavement in Pithoragarh Area of Uttarakhand

which create problem of flooding or water logged road. So we design the road which

allows to permit 1000 ML of water in 2 sec of time.

Figure7.1- Rain fall Data

VIII. EXPERIMENTAL SET UP

Most asphalt technologist believes that fundamental changes must be made in the

composition of hot mix asphalt and its testing methods. Though there are many methods

being followed the basic principle behind them is to arrive at the optimum binder

content given the gradation selected and the mechanical properties desired. Here the

specimen used is prepared as per Marshall stability test.Which is cylindrical 100mm

diameter compacted with Marshall compacting hammer on either side with 40 number

blows(the standard number of blows is 50 but we use 35 on each side because we have

to provide void ratio of 20%.) and loaded circumferentially.22-26 Number of bimanous

mix samples were prepared with different combination of bitumen with e-waste and

tested to achieve the maximum stability at minimum percent of bitumen content with 20

percent of void ratio

8.1. Steps for sample preparation for control mix with different bitumen content

i.) We take 1200g of mixed aggregate and e-waste as filler are taken and heated to a

temperature of 175˚c - 190˚c. And at the same time the bitumen is heated to a

temperature of 121˚c - 145˚c and mixed this with aggregate at a temperature of 154˚c - 160˚c.

ii.) Then the mixture is placed in a pre-heated mould and compacted by a rammer

with 35 blows on either side at a temperature of 138˚c - 149˚c.

0 0 0.2 1.4 5.2 5.8

1.2 0

8.8 9.2

0 0 0

54.4

3.1

18

0

29

0 0 3.2

0.2 0 0 0 3.4

0 0

9.4

2.8 5.8

19.6

24.6

0.6 2.6

4.8

0.2 0

8.8 9.2 7

10.2

2.4

13.4

56.4

37.6

78.2

0.2

5.2

0 3.2 2.4

15.4

72.7

0 1.2

15.8

3.6 7.4

4.2 1.8 1.8

6.2

1.4

13.2

0.4

42.6

0.2

19.2

3.6

30.2 34.5

15.2

3 0 1.6

4.2

73.2

0.4 0.8

34.2

0.2 0 0 0 0 0 3.6

0

9.4 10.8

2.2 0 0 0 0 0 0

27.6 29.8

0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

74.4

40.6

1.6 1 1.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Ra

in f

all

(mm

)

No. of Days

Rain fall Data of pithoragarh-2016

June July August September

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Vipul Kumar Saini, Anuj Upadhyay, Lokesh Kumar, Dheeraj Singh Garbyal :: Implementation of E-Waste Mix Bituminous Permeable Pavement in Pithoragarh Area of Uttarakhand

iii.) Final thickness of sample is calculated (63.5+-3.0mm). The compacted specimen

are cooled to room temperature in mould and then removed from the mould

using a sample extractor.

iv.) Diameter and height is measured and take weight in air and in water. The

specimens are kept immersed in water in a thermostatically controlled water bath

at 60˚c +-1˚c for 30 to 40 minutes. v.) The specimens are taken out one by one, placed in the Marshall Test head and

tested to determine Marshall Stability value which is the maximum load in kg

before failure and the flow value which is the deformation of the specimen in

0.25mm units up to the maximum load

The above procedure is repeated on specimens prepared with other values of bitumen

content, in suitable increments of 0.5%, started from 4% of bitumen up to 7.5% bitumen

with 5%, 10%, and 15% replacement of e-waste for aggregate by volume.

Figure 8.1- Marshall Stability Test Apparatus

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Vipul Kumar Saini, Anuj Upadhyay, Lokesh Kumar, Dheeraj Singh Garbyal :: Implementation of E-Waste Mix Bituminous Permeable Pavement in Pithoragarh Area of Uttarakhand

IX. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

By using result obtained for the two different types of mixes, namely normal sample(at

Zero% of e-waste) and modified mix(5%, 10%, 15% of e-waste), the graph of bitumen

content verses stability is plotted as shown in fig.9.1.The bitumen content at maximum

stability is taken as optimum bitumen content. It is presented in graphical form as shown

in fig below. From graph it is observed that at 10% e-waste and 6% bitumen content

maximum stability is achieved.

Figure 9.1: Result of Marshall Stability test at different amount of e-waste and %bitumen

The stability at 5% and 15% e-waste content and 6% bitumen content is near about

same, which is 820.3kg for 5% e-waste and 829.3kg for 15% e-waste, it show that if the

bitumen contain is less than 6%, the value of strength by addition of 5%, 10%, 15% is

uniformly increase up to 6% of bitumen of total weight . As e-waste percentage

increases stability also increases and latter goes on decreasing. The behaviour of flexible

pavement is as shown in fig.9.1. It is noted that at 6% bitumen content and 10%

aggregate replacement by e-waste there is 32.24% increase in strength is achieved.

Maximum density of compacted specimen is observed at 6% bitumen content for with

void ratio 20%, Bulk density varies in the range of 2.18gm/cc to 2.46gm/cc. Maximum

percent V. M. A. is observed in specimen with 6 % bitumen content. Percent V. M. A.

varies in the range of 13.79% to 18.21% for same percentage of bitumen.

X. CONCLUSION

This project turns out to achieve a great help in solving the general problem of water

logging road. If we look on some flood prone state of India like Bihar, Uttarakhand,

300.2

514.9

568.2

680.3

602.8

527.7

302

375.6

424.8

600.9

714.1

820.3

749.8

340.2 350.4

554.2

680

800.7

889.6

809.8

596

248.3

443.2

609.5

785.8

829.3

658.1

528.8

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7

ma

rsh

all

sta

bil

ity

(kg

)

% bitumen

STABILITY Vs BITUMEN CONTENT

without e-waste 5% e-waste 10% e-waste 15% e-waste

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Vipul Kumar Saini, Anuj Upadhyay, Lokesh Kumar, Dheeraj Singh Garbyal :: Implementation of E-Waste Mix Bituminous Permeable Pavement in Pithoragarh Area of Uttarakhand

Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, etc. the problem of flood is remain same and this is

because the water running off paving or overflowing from the overloaded drainage

systems serving them. The reason for this is simple. The majority of our existing

drainage systems are designed to remove rainwater as quickly as possible from where it

falls and direct it into watercourses or drains. This means in cases of prolonged, heavy

rainfall the public sewer system quickly reaches its capacity and consequently

overflows. The continued expansion of the urban environment using impermeable

materials, coupled with a growing trend for homeowners to replace lawns and gardens

with hard landscaping is placing even more pressure on our aging sewage systems. The

pressing need to build more homes to meet the demands of our growing population is

only likely to make things worse.Together with economic consideration using e-waste in

bitumen aggregate mixture behaves in beneficial way in developing countries like India,

considerable amount of e-waste is generated every year. The huge amount of e-waste

creates significant amount of problems with respect to handling and storage which are

important both from the economic as well as environmental point of view. Nations were

forced to search for most suitable ways to recycle these waste materials, since this study

aims to provide a suitable means for the utilization of e-waste in bituminous permeable

road.

XI. REFERENCES

[1] Vipul Kumar Saini, Anuj Upadhyay, Lokesh International Journal of Civil Engineering and

Technology (IJCIET) Volume 8, Issue 4, April 2017, pp. 830-836, Article ID:

IJCIET_08_04_097 Available online at

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=4 ISSN Print:

0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316

[2] North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources (NCDENR). NCDENR

Storm water BMP Manual. NCDENR. North Carolina, 2007.

[3] Hun-Dorris, Tara. Advances in Porous Pavement. Storm water, 2005.

[4] Tennis, P.D., Leming, M.L., Akers, D.J., “Pervious Concrete Pavements” PCA Serial No. 2828, Portland cement Association, 2004.

[5] Ministry Of Road Transport & Highways Specifications for Road and Bridge Works,

Fourth Revision, 2001.

[6] ASTM C 1319-95, Standard Specification for Concrete Grid Paving Units, Annual Book of

ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.04, American Society for Testing and Materials, Conshohocken,

Pennsylvania, 1996.

[7] ASTM standard D 1559-89, Standard test method for resistance to plastic flow of

bituminous mixtures using Marshall apparatus 4-inch (100mm-diameter specimen)

intended for mixes containing aggregate up to 1-inch (25.4mm) USA, 2932, (1992).

[8] IRC SP: 53, Guidelines on the use of polymer and rubber modified bitumen in road

construction, Specific. Ind. Road. Cong., India, 129-135, (2002).

[9] R. Vasudevan, S. K. Nigam, R. Velkennedy, A. Ramalingam Chandranan sekar & B.

Sunderakannan(2007), “Utilization of waste polymer for flexible pavement and easy

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Volume - 4, Issue -8, April 2017

Continuous 44th Edition, Page No.: 7309-7320

Vipul Kumar Saini, Anuj Upadhyay, Lokesh Kumar, Dheeraj Singh Garbyal :: Implementation of E-Waste Mix Bituminous Permeable Pavement in Pithoragarh Area of Uttarakhand

disposal of waste polymers", Proceedings of the international conference on sustainable

solid waste management, CPCB, New Delhi.

[10] Charlesworth S. M., Everett M., McCarthy R., Ordóñez A. and De Miguel, E. A (2003b) A

Comparative Study of Heavy Metal Concentration and distribution in Deposited Street

Dusts in a Large and a Small Urban Area: Birmingham and Coventry, West Midlands,UK.

Environment International. 29: pp.563 – 573.

[11] Grabowiecki, P., Scholz, M. and Coupe S.J. Combined permeable pavement and ground

source heat pump systems to control runoff and recycle energy. 11th International

Conference on Urban Drainage, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK August 31st-September 5th

2008.

[12] Newman, A.P., Pratt, C.J., Coupe, S.J. and Cresswell, N. Oil biodegradation in permeable

pavements by inoculated and indigenous microbial communities. Water Science and

Technology 45: pp.51-56, 2002.

[13] Guzzetti, E., S. Peruccacci, M. Rossi, and C.P. Stark. The Rainfall Intensity–Duration

Control of Shallow Landslides and Debris Flows: An Update, Springer-Verlag, 2007

[14] Ozdemir, A. Preventing Natural Hazard Risks through Sustainable Site Design, Ankara,

Turkey. Department of Landscape Architecture, Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 457-462, 2008.

[15]

AUTHOR’S BIOGRAPHY

Vipul Kumar Saini is currently pursuing B. Tech in Civil

Engineering at Seemant institute of technology Pithoragarh,

India. He has keen interest in Permeable Pavement Design, its

Construction, data structure and algorithms. He has 5 research

papers to his credit in various International/National Journals

and Conferences. He has strong passion for research and

development for the Country. He is member of Civil

Engineering society of India.

Anuj Upadhyay is currently pursuing B. Tech in Civil

Engineering at Seemant institute of technology Pithoragarh,

India. He is very much passionate about Construction

techniques, Structure design and Pavement design. He has

one research paper in International Journal. He is a member

of Civil Engineering Society of India.

Lokesh Kumar is currently pursuing B. Tech in Civil

Engineering at Seemant institute of technology Pithoragarh,

India.He has also done Diploma in Civil Engineering from

Government Polytechnic Nainital.He has keen interest in

field works.

Page 12: International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research ...International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research ISSN: ... International Journal of Informative & Futuristic

7320

ISSN: 2347-1697

International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research (IJIFR)

Volume - 4, Issue -8, April 2017

Continuous 44th Edition, Page No.: 7309-7320

Vipul Kumar Saini, Anuj Upadhyay, Lokesh Kumar, Dheeraj Singh Garbyal :: Implementation of E-Waste Mix Bituminous Permeable Pavement in Pithoragarh Area of Uttarakhand

Dheeraj Singh Garbyal is employed as Assistant Professor in

Department of Civil Engineering, Uttarakhand Technical

University, Uttarakhand India. He has done M.tech in

Transportation Engineering from G.B.P.E.C, gurdori, India.

He has more than 17 research papers to his credit in various

International/National Journals and Conferences.

TO CITE THIS PAPER

Saini,K.V., Upadhyay,A. ,Kumar,L., Garbyal, S.D. (2017) :: “Fraud Detection in

Health Insurance using Random Forest Algorithm” International Journal of

Informative & Futuristic Research (ISSN: 2347-1697), Vol. 4 No. (8), April 2017, pp.

7309-7320, Paper ID: IJIFR/V4/E8/086.